Appendix S1 Table of studies contributing data on proportions of plants sprouting after various disturbances from various vegetation types.
Region
Australia
Australia
Australia
Reference
Armstrong, D.P. & Westoby, M. (1993) Seedlings from large seeds tolerate
defoliation better: A test using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Ecology,
74, 1092-1100.
Clarke, P.J. (unpublished) unpublished data from NSW northern tablelands
seedling clip & burn experiments
Vesk, P.A. (2002) PhD Thesis Chapter 7 seedling clip experiments
Central America Harms, K.E. & Dalling, J.W. (1997) Damage and herbivory tolerance through
resprouting as an advantage of large seed size in tropical trees and lianas. Journal
of Tropical Ecology, 13, 617-621.
North America Bonfil, C. (1998) The effects of seed size, cotyledon reserves, and herbivory on
seedling survival and growth in Quercus rugosa and Q. laurina (Fagaceae).
American Journal of Botany, 85, 79-87.
North America Mayeux, H.S.J. (1982) Vegetative response of goldenweeds and rayless
goldenrod to simulated mechanical control. Journal of Range Management, 35,
704-706.
Central America Bellingham, P.J., Tanner, E.V.J., & Healey, J.R. (1994) Resprouting of trees in
Jamaican montane forests after a hurricane. Journal of Ecology, 82, 747-758.
Central America Frangi, J.L. & Lugo, A.E. (1991) Hurricane damage to a flood plain forest in the
Luquillo mountains of Puerto Rico. Biotropica, 23, 324-335.
Central America Guariguata, M.R. (1998) Responses of forest tree saplings to experimental
mechanical damage in lowland Panama. Forest Ecology and Management, 102,
103-111.
Central America Kinsman, S. (1990) Regeneration by fragmentation in tropical montane forest
shrubs. American Journal of Botany, 77, 1626-1633.
Central America Matelson, T.J., Nadkarni, N.M., & Solano, R. (1995) Tree damage and annual
mortality in a montane forest in Monteverde, Costa Rica. Biotropica, 27, 441447.
Central America Paciorek, C.J., Condit, R., Hubbell, S.P., & Foster, R.B. (2000) The
demographics of resprouting in tree and shrub species of a moist tropical forest.
Journal of Ecology, 88, 765-777.
Central America Vandermeer, J., Zamora, N., Yih, K., & Boucher, D. (1990) Initial regeneration
of a tropical forest in the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua after Hurricane Joan.
Disturbance
Location
Veg
no
Vegetation
Species
clip
glasshouse Sydney NSW Australia
clip, clip &
burn
clip
glasshouse, NSW northern
Tablelands, Australia
Glasshouse, Sydney Australia
clip
glasshouse, BCI Panama
clip
Mexico city Mexico
6
clip, potted
glasshouse, Texas USA
9
wind,
hurricane
wind,
hurricane
snap, bend
Blue Mountains, Jamaica
1
Evergreen rain forest
47
Luquillo Exp. Forest, Puerto Rico
1
Evergreen rain forest
4
Barro Colorado Is. Panama
1
Evergreen rain forest
4
fragmentation Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 1
Costa Rica, 1300-1800m
wind, various, Monteverde Cloud Forest reserve, 1
other treefall Costa Rica (10o18'N 84o48'W)
etc
1480m
treefall etc
Barro Colorado Is. Panama
1
Evergreen rain forest
20
Evergreen rain forest
6
Evergreen rain forest
303
Evergreen rain forest
69
wind,
hurricane
Bluefields, Nicaragua (11o53'N,
83o58'W and 12o16'N, 83o53'W)
44
118
26
13
1
Revista de Biologia Tropical, 38, 347-360.
Central America Zimmerman, J. K. et al. (1994) Responses of tree species to hurricane winds in
subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico: implications for tropical life histories.
Journal of Ecology 82, 911-922 (1994).
South America Kauffman, J.B. (1991) Survival by resprouting following fire in tropical forests
of the eastern Amazon. Biotropica, 23, 219-224.
South America Negrelle, R.R.B. (1995) Resprouting after uprooting of canopy trees in the
Atlantic rain forest of Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management, 27, 448-454.
South America Vidal, E., Johns, J., Gerwing, J.J., Barreto, P., & Uhl, C. (1997) Vine
management for reduced-impact logging in eastern Amazonia. Forest Ecology
and Management, 98, 105-114.
South East Asia Kiyono, Y. & Hastaniah (2000). Pp. 199-217.. In Rainforest Ecosystems of East
Kalimantan (eds E. Guhardja, M. Fatawa, M. Sutisna, T. Mori & S. Ohta),
Springer, Tokyo.
Australia
Bowman, D.M.J.S. (1991) Recovery of some northern Australian monsoon forest
tree species following fire. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 101,
21-25.
Australia
Bowman, D.M.J.S. (2000) Australian rainforests: islands of green in a land of fire
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. P171
Australia
Lonsdale, W.M. & Braithwaite, R.W. (1991) Assessing the effects of fire on
vegetation in tropical savannas. Australian Journal of Ecology, 16, 363-374.
Australia
Williams, P.R. (2000) Fire-stimulated rainforest seedling recruitment and
vegetative regeneration in a densely grassed wet sclerophyll forest of northeastern Australia. Australian Journal of Botany, 48, 651-658.
Australia
Williams, R.J., Cook, G.D., Gill, A.M., & Moore, P.H.R. (1999) Fire regime, fire
intensity and tree survival in a tropical savanna in northern Australia. Australian
Journal of Ecology, 24, 50-59.
North America Terry, S.W. & White, L.D. (1979) Southern wax-myrtle response following
winter prescribed burning in South Florida USA. Journal of Range Management,
32, 326-327.
South America Hoffmann, W.A. (2000) Post-establishment seedling success in the Brazilian
cerrado: a comparison of savanna and forest species. Biotropica, 32, 62-69.
South America Pinard, M.A., Putz, F.E., & Licona, J.C. (1999) Tree mortality and vine
proliferation following a wildfire in a subhumid tropical forest in eastern Bolivia.
Forest Ecology and Management, 116, 247-252.
Australia
Brown, R.F. (1986) The effects of burning, fertilizing, and clipping on
populations of Aristida armata, Thyridolepis mitchelliana, and Monachather
paradoxa in a mulga woodland pasture. Australian Rangeland Journal, 8, 4-10.
wind,
hurricane
Luquillo Exp. Forest, Puerto Rico
1
Evergreen rain forest
26
fire
ne Amazonia, Para Brazil (2o55'S,
47o34'W)
Atlantic coast Forest, sw Brazil,
26o04'S 48o38'W
Fazenda Sete, east Amazon, Para,
Brazil
1
Evergreen rain forest
13
1
Evergreen rain forest
13
1
Evergreen rain forest
11
slash and burn east Kalimantan, Indonesia
1
Evergreen rain forest
31
fire
NT Australia
2
Semi-evergreen &
deciduous forest
32
fire
NT Australia
2
56
fire
Kapalga, Kakadu NP, NT Australia 2
(12o34' S, 132o34' E)
Lumholtz NP, Queensland
2
Australia (18o36' S, 145o48' E)
Semi-evergreen &
deciduous forest
Semi-evergreen &
deciduous forest
Semi-evergreen &
deciduous forest
fire
Kapalga, Kakadu NP NT Australia 2
(12o34' S, 132o34' E)
Semi-evergreen &
deciduous forest
29
fire
southern Florida USA
2
Semi-evergreen &
deciduous forest
1
fire
nr Brasilia, D. F. Brazil, 15o56'S,
2
47o53'W
Guaryos Forest Reserve, e. Bolivia, 2
(15o37'-56' S, 62o16'-63o0' W)
Semi-evergreen &
deciduous forest
Semi-evergreen &
deciduous forest
12
Charleville, Qld Australia, 26o25'S 2a
146o13'E
Dry woodland
treefall
clip
fire
fire
fire, clipping
29
14
25
9
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
South America
South America
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Griffin, G.F. & Friedel, M.H. (1984) Effects of fire on central Australian
rangelands. II. Changes in tree and shrub populations. Australian Journal of
Ecology, 395-403.
Hodgkinson, K.C. & Griffin, G.F. (1982) Adaptation of shrub species to fires in
the arid zone. In Evolution of the Flora and Fauna of Arid Australia (eds W.R.
Barker & P.J.M. Greenslade), pp. 145-152. Peacock Publications, Adelaide.
Hodgkinson, K.C. (1979) The shrubs of poplar box (Eucalyptus populnea) lands
and their biology. Australian Rangeland Journal, 1, 280-293.
Hodgkinson, K.C. (1998) Resprouting success of shrubs after fire: heightdependent relationships for different strategies. Oecologia, 115, 64-72.
Holm, A.M., Shackleton, K.R., & Speijers, E.J. (1993) Control of Hakea preissii
and associated species by fire in degraded semi-arid rangelands. Rangeland
Journal, 15, 71-78.
Walker, P.J. & Green, D.R. (1979) A note on the effects of wildfire on trees and
shrubs in the Cobar district, New South Wales. Journal of the Soil Conservation
Service of New South Wales, 35, 126-132.
Wilson, A.D. & Mulham, W.E. (1979) A survey of the regeneration of some
problem shrubs and trees after wildfire in western New South Wales. Australian
Rangeland Journal, 1, 363-368.
Hardesty, L.H. & Box, T.W. (1988) Defoliation impacts on coppicing browse
species in north-east Brazil. Journal of Range Management, 41, 66-70.
Sampaio, E.V.S.B., Salcedo, I.H., & Kauffman, J.B. (1993) Effect of different
fire intensities on coppicing of caatinga vegetation in Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil.
Biotropica, 25, 451-466.
Buist, M., Yates, C.J., & Ladd, P.G. (2000) Ecological characteristics of
Brachychiton populneus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajong) in relation to the invasion of
urban bushland in south-western Australia. Austral Ecology, 25, 487-496.
Cowling, R.M. & Lamont, B.B. (1987) Post-fire recruitment of four co-occurring
Banksia species. Journal of Applied Ecology, 24, 645-658.
Lamont, B.B., Groom, P.K., Richards, M.B., & Witkowski, E.T.F. (1999)
Recovery of Banksia and Hakea communities after fire in mediterranean
Australia -- the role of species identitiy and functional attributes. Diversity and
Distributions, 5, 15-26.
Wardell-Johnson, G.W. (2000) Responses of forest eucalypts to moderate and
high intensity fire in the Tingle Mosaic, south-western Australia: comparisons
between locally endemic and regionally distributed species. Austral Ecology, 25,
409-421.
fire
Alice Springs, central Australia
2a
Dry woodland
9
fire
central Australia, various regions
2a
Dry woodland
14
fire, various
semi-arid eastern Australia
2a
Dry woodland
13
fire, clip
Oakvale, nr Bourke, nw NSW,
Australia (30o55'S; 146o30'E)
Carnarvon, Western Australia
(25o30'S; 114o24'E)
2a
Dry woodland
24
2a
Dry woodland
3
fire
Cobar district cw NSW Australia
2a
Dry woodland
18
fire
western New South Wales,
Australia
2a
Dry woodland
12
clip, repeated
sprout
removal
clip, fire
Ceara, NE Brazil
2a
Dry woodland
4
Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil 2a
(7o59' S, 38o19'16'" W)
Dry woodland
25
fire
Kings Park, Perth, Western
Australia
4
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
1
fire
Mt Adams, Enneaba, sw WA
Australia (29o25' S 114o58' E)
mediterranean sw WA Australia
4
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
4
Tingle Mosaic, sw Western
Australia (34o45' - 35o10' S,
116o30'-117o45' E)
4
fire
fire
fire
4
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
15
10
Mediterranean
Basin
Mediterranean
Basin
Mediterranean
Basin
Mediterranean
Basin
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
South Africa
South Africa
Australia
Australia
Australia
Canadell, J. & López-Soria, L. (1998) Lignotuber reserves support regrowth
following clipping of two Mediterranean shrubs. Functional Ecology, 12, 31-38.
Canadell, J., Lloret, F., & López-Soria, L. (1991) Resprouting vigour of two
mediterranean shrub species after experimental fire treatments. Vegetatio, 95,
119-126.
Lloret, F. & López-Soria, L. (1993) Resprouting of Erica multiflora after
experimental fire treatments. Journal of Vegetation Science, 4, 367-374.
López-Soria, L. & Castell, C. (1992) Comparative genet survival after fire in
woody Mediterranean species. Oecologia, 91, 493-499.
Keeley, J.E. (1977) Seed production, seed populations in soil, and seedling
production after fire for two congeneric pairs of resprouting and nonsprouting
chaparral shrubs. Ecology, 58, 820-829.
Keeley, J.E. (1998). Postfire ecosystem recovery and management: the October
1993 large fire episode in California. In Large Forest Fires (ed J.M. Moreno), pp.
69-90. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Lloret, F., Verdu, M., Flores-Hernandez, N., & Valiente-Banuet, A. (1999) Fire
and resprouting in Mediterranean ecosystems: Insights from an external
biogeographical region, the mexical shrubland. American Journal of Botany, 86,
1655-1661.
Moreno, J.M. & Oechel, W.C. (1991) Fire intensity and herbivory effects on
postfire resprouting of Adenostoma fasciculatum in southern California chaparral.
Oecologia, 85, 429-433.
Thomas, C.M. & Davis, S.D. (1989) Recovery patterns of three chaparral shrub
species after wildfire. Oecologia, 80, 309-320.
Keeley, J.E., Keeley, M.B., & Bond, W.J. (1999) Stem demography and post-fire
recruitment of a resprouting serotinous conifer. Journal of Vegetation Science.,
10, 69-76.
le Maitre, D.C., Jones, C.A., & Forsyth, G.G. (1992) Survival of eight woody
resprouting species following an autumn fire in Swartsboskloof, Cape Province,
South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 58, 405-413.
Auld, T.D. (1990) The survival of juvenile plants of the resprouting shrub
Angophora hispida (Myrtaceae) after a simulated low-intensity fire. Australian
Journal of Botany, 38, 255-260.
Beadle, N.C.W. (1940) Soil temperatures during forest fires and their effect on
the survival of vegetation. Journal of Ecology, 28, 180-192.
Bradstock, R.A. & Myerscough, P.J. (1988) The survival and population
response to frequent fires of two woody resprouters Banksia serrata and
Isopogon anemonifolius. Australian Journal of Botany, 36, 415-431.
clip, multiple
El Corredor, Serra de Marina ne
Spain. Lat 42o5'N, long 2o50'E
El Corredor, Serra de Marina ne
Spain. Lat 42o5'N, long 2o50'E
4
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
2
4
fire
Serra de les Cores, Tarronga
province, Spain (40o53'N, 0o41'E)
Barcelona province, ne Spain
(41o35' N, 35o1'54" E)
San Diego Co. California USA
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
7
fire
s California, USA
4
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
17
4
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
24
fire
San Diego county, California, USA 4
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
3
fire, post-fire
drought
fire
Santa Monica mtns, California,
USA (34o2'30" N, 118o42'30" W)
Cape province, South Africa
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
3
fire
Jonkershoek valley, Cape province, 4
South Africa (33o57's, 18o55'E)
Sclerophyll woodlands,
winter rain
8
clip, scorch
Manly Dam Reserve, n Sydney,
NSW Australia
5
Moist warm temperate
woodland
2
fire
Hawkesbury NSW Australia
5
13
fire, clip
scorch
Brisbane Water NP Sydney, NSW
Australia
5
Moist warm temperate
woodland
Moist warm temperate
woodland
clip, scorch
clip, scorch
fire
fire, clip, burn Cerro Viejo, Tehuacan Valley,
Mexico (18o15" N, 97o26'W)
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
4
1
15
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
Australia
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
South America
Bradstock, R.A. (1995) Demography of woody plants in relation to fire: Telopea
speciossima. Proceedings of the Linneaen Society of New South Wales, 115, 2533.
Clark, S.S. (1988) Effects of hazard-reduction burning on populations of
understorey plant species on Hawkesbury sandstone. Australian Journal of
Ecology, 13, 473-484.
Clarke, P.J. & Knox, K.J.E. (2002) Post-fire response of shrubs in the tablelands
of eastern Australia: do existing models explain habitat differences? Australian
Journal of Botany, 50, 53-62.
Leigh, J.H. & Holgate, M.D. (1979) The responses of the understorey of forests
and woodlands of the Southern tablelands to grazing and burning. Australian
Journal of Ecology, 4, 25-45.
Morrison, D.A. & Renwick, J.A. (2000) Effects of variation in fire intensity on
regeneration of co-occurring species of small trees in the Sydney region.
Australian Journal of Botany, 48, 71-79.
Noble, I.R. (1984) Mortality of lignotuberous seedlings of Eucalyptus species
after an intense fire in montane forest. Australian Journal of Ecology, 9, 47-50.
Purdie, R.W. (1977) Early stages of regeneration after burning in dry sclerophyll
vegetation. I Regeneration of the understorey by vegetative means. Australian
Journal of Botany, 25, 21-34.
Semple, W.S. & Koen, T.B. (1993) Some effects of fire on the survival of sifton
bush (Cassinia arcuata R.Br.). Rangeland Journal, 15, 320-330.
Strasser, M.J., Pausas, J.G., & Noble, I.R. (1996) Modelling the Response of
Eucalypts to Fire, Brindabella Ranges, Act. Australian Journal of Ecology, 21,
341-344.
Box, T.W., Powell, J., & Drawe, D.L. (1967) Influence of fire on south Texas
chaparral communities. Ecology, 48, 955-961.
Glitzenstein, J.S. & Harcombe, P.A. (1988) Effects of the December 1983
tornado on forest vegetation of the Big Thicket, southeast Texas. Forest Ecology
and Management, 25, 269-290.
Harcombe, P.A. & Marks, P.L. (1983) Five years of tree death in a FagusMagnolia forest, southeast Texas (USA). Oecologia, 57, 49-54.
McBride, J. & Heady, H.F. (1968) Invasion of grassland by Baccharis pilularis
DC. Journal of Range Management, 21, 106-109.
Pascarella, J.B. (1998) Resiliency and response to hurricane disturbance in a
tropical shrub, Ardisia escallonioides (Myrsinaceae), in south Florida. American
Journal of Botany, 85, 1207-1215.
Cirne, P. & Scarano, F.R. (2001) Resprouting and growth dynamics after fire of
the clonal shrub Andira legalis (Leguminosae) in a sandy coastal plain in south
fire, clip, burn Brisbane Water NP Sydney, NSW
Australia
5
Moist warm temperate
woodland
4
fire
Woronora Plateau, s of Sydney
5
NSW Australia (34o20'S; 150o32'E)
Moist warm temperate
woodland
73
fire
Torrington Plateau, NSW
5
Moist warm temperate
woodland
23
clip, scorch,
burn, graze
southern tablelands NSW Australia 5
Moist warm temperate
woodland
70
fire
Yarramundi, w Sydney, NSW
Australia
5
Moist warm temperate
woodland
18
fire, clip
Brindabella Ranges, ACT Australia 5
(32o25' S, 148o48' E)
Black Mountain, ACT Australia
5
Moist warm temperate
woodland
Moist warm temperate
woodland
6
Orange, central slopes NSW
5
Australia
Brindabella Ranges, ACT Australia 5
Moist warm temperate
woodland
Moist warm temperate
woodland
4
fire after diff
mech treats
wind,
hurricane
San Patricio co, Texas USA
5
8
Big Thicket, Texas, USA 30o33'N
94o25'W
5
Moist warm temperate
woodland
Moist warm temperate
woodland
misc
Hardin county, Texas, USA (30oN, 5
94o12'W)
San Francisco Bay area California, 5
USA
south Florida, USA
5
Moist warm temperate
woodland
Moist warm temperate
woodland
Moist warm temperate
woodland
10
Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil (22o 50' 5
S, 42o 31'W)
Moist warm temperate
woodland
1
fire
burn
fire
fire
wind
fire
17
6
16
2
1
eastern Brazil. Journal of Ecology, 89, 351-357.
Japan
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
Sakai, A. & Sakai, S. (1998) A test for the resource remobilization hypothesis:
tree resprouting using carbohydrates from above-ground parts. Annals of Botany,
82, 213-216.
Cooper-Ellis, S., Forster, D.R., Carlton, G., & Lezburg, A. (1999) Forest
response to catastrophic wind: results from an experimenal hurricane. Ecology,
80, 2683-2696.
Kruger, E.L. & Reich, P.B. (1997) Responses of hardwood regeneration to fire in
mesic forest openings. I. Post-fire community dynamics. Canadian Journal of
Forest Research, 27, 1822-1831.
Peterson, C.J. & Pickett, S.T.A. (1991) Treefall and resprouting following
catastrophic windthrow in and old-growth hemlock-hardwoods forest. Forest
Ecology and Management, 42, 205-217.
Peterson, C.J. & Rebertus, A.J. (1997) Tornado damage and initial recovery in
three adjacent, lowland temperate forests in Missouri. Journal of Vegetation
Science, 8, 559-564.
Swan, F.R., Jr (1970) Post-fire response of four plant communities in southcentral New York state. Ecology, 51, 1074-1082.
Dodd, J.D. & Holtz, S.T. (1972) Integration of burning with mechanical
manipulation of south Texas grassland. Journal of Range Management, 25, 130136.
Schuster, J.L. & George, J. (1976) Redberry juniper response to top removal.
Journal of Range Management, 29, 258-259.
Smith, M.A., Wright, H.A., & Schuster, J.L. (1975) Reproductive characteristics
of redberry juniper. Journal of Range Management, 28, 126-128.
Ueckert, D.N. (1975) Response of honey mesquite to method of top removal.
Journal of Range Management, 28, 233-234.
Wink, R.L. & Wright, H.A. (1973) Effects of fire on an ashe juniper community.
Journal of Range Management, 26, 326-329.
Blaisdell, J.P. & Mueggler, W.F. (1956) Resprouting of bitterbrush (Purshia
tridentata) after burning or top removal. Ecology, 37, 365-370.
Blydenstein, J. (1957) The survival of velvet mesquite (Prosopis juliflora var.
velutina) after fire. Journal of Range Management, 10, 221-223.
Cable, D.R. (1961) Small velvet mesquite seedlings survive burning. Journal of
Range Management, 14, 160-161.
Cable, D.R. (1965) Damage to mesquite, Lehmann Lovegrass and Black Grama
by a hot June fire. Journal of Range Management, 18.
Clark, R.G., Britton, C.M., & Sneva, F.A. (1982) Mortality of bitterbrush after
clip
Chiba, central Japan (35o12' N,
140o9' E)
6
Deciduous forest
3
6
Deciduous forest
9
6
Deciduous forest
8
6
Deciduous forest
4
wind, tornado Mingo Nat. Wildlife Refuge, SE
6
Missouri, USA (36o56' N, 90o 13'
W)
fire
south-central New York state USA 6
Deciduous forest
4
Deciduous forest
25
chopped,
Goliad Co. Texas, USA
shredded, fire
7
Temperate steppe
5
clip
Garza Co Texas, USA
7
Temperate steppe
1
clip
Garza Co Texas, USA
7
Temperate steppe
2
clip, burn
Garza Co Texas, USA
7
Temperate steppe
2
fire
24km se of Baird, Callahan Co.
Texas, USA
Dubois Idaho, USA
7
Temperate steppe
1
7a
6
7a
fire
Santa Cruz Co. & Pinal Co.
Arizona USA
Nr Tuscon Arizona, USA
fire
Nr Tuscon Arizona, USA
7a
clip, burn
High Plains, great Basin Oregon,
7a
Semidesert and desert
with cold winter
Semidesert and desert
with cold winter
Semidesert and desert
with cold winter
Semidesert and desert
with cold winter
Semidesert and desert
wind (pulling) Harvard Forest, north-central
Massachusetts, USA
fire
sw Wisconsin, e USA (42o59'N,
90o07'W)
wind, tornado Allegheny NF Pennsylvania USA
fire, clip
fire
7a
6
2
5
4
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
North America
South America
North America
burning and clipping in eastern Oregon USA. Journal of Range Management, 35,
711-714.
Dwyer, D.D. & Pieper, R.D. (1967) Fire effects on blue grama-pinyon-juniper
rangeland in New Mexico. Journal of Range Management, 20, 359-362.
Mueggler, W.F. & Blaisdell, J.P. (1958) Effects on associated species of burning,
rotobeating, spraying, and railing sagebrush. Journal of Range Management, 6166.
Steuter, A.A. & Britton, C.M. (1983) Fire-induced mortality of Redberry Juniper
[Juniperus pinchotii Sudw.]. Journal of Range Management, 36, 343-345.
Ueckert, D.N. & Whisenant, S.G. (1982) Individual plant treatments for
controlling redberry juniper seedlings. Journal of Range Management, 35, 419423.
Weltzin, J.F., Archer, S.R., & Heitschmidt, R.K. (1998) Defoliation and woody
plant (Prosopis glandulosa) seedling regeneration: potential vs realized herbivory
tolerance. Plant Ecology, 138, 127-135.
White, L.D. (1969) Effects of a wildfire on several desert grassland shrub
species. Journal of Range Management, 22, 284-285.
Willard, E. (1973) Effect of wildfires on woody species in the Monte region of
Argentina. Journal of Range Management, 26, 97-100.
Webb, S.L. (1989) Contrasting windstorm consequences in two forests, Itasca
State Park, Minnesota. Ecology, 70, 1167-1180.
USA
fire
clip, fire, rail
Fort Stanton, Lincoln Co. New
Mexico, USA
Upper Snake River Plains s-e
Idaho, USA
with cold winter
7a
7a
Semidesert and desert
with cold winter
Semidesert and desert
with cold winter
2
Semidesert and desert
with cold winter
Semidesert and desert
with cold winter
4
2
fire
King Co. & Motley Co. Texas USA 7a
clip
Sutton Co. Texas USA
7a
clip
Wilbarger Co. Texas, USA
(33o48'N 99o29'W)
7a
Semidesert and desert
with cold winter
1
fire
Sasabe, Arizona, USA
7a
18
fire
Monte cw Argentina
7a
wind
Minnesota, USA
8
Semidesert and desert
with cold winter
Semidesert and desert
with cold winter
Boreal conifer
forest/deciduous forest
1
18
16