Last Name:
First Name:
Final Week
Period #
Date:
Final Exam Review Day 2
Part 1: Critical vocabulary. We learned a lot of new vocabulary when we were in the genetics unit. So, start
by refreshing yourself with them.
1. Chromosome: ___________________________________________________________________________
2. DNA: __________________________________________________________________________________
3. Gene: _________________________________________________________________________________
4. Allele: _________________________________________________________________________________
5. Genotype: ______________________________________________________________________________
6. Phenotype: _____________________________________________________________________________
7. Dominant: ______________________________________________________________________________
8. Recessive: _____________________________________________________________________________
9. Homozygous: ___________________________________________________________________________
10. Heterozygous:: __________________________________________________________________________
11. RNA: __________________________________________________________________________________
12. Complimentary base: _____________________________________________________________________
13. Transcription: ___________________________________________________________________________
14. Translation:: ____________________________________________________________________________
15. Codon: ________________________________________________________________________________
16. Amino Acid: ________________________________________________________ ____________________
Part 2: Transcription and Translation
17. Is this a picture of transcription or translation? How do you know?
18. Is this a picture of transcription or translation? How do you know?
19. One strand of DNA reads: TCAGTCAATCGA. What is the complementary DNA strand?
20. One strand of DNA reads: GGCTAATTAGCC. What is the complementary RNA strand?
21. Translate the RNA you created in #20 into amino acids using the codon table below.
22. One strand of DNA reads: TGCAAGCATTACGCC. What is the complementary DNA strand?
23. One strand of DNA reads: TGCAAGCATTACGCC. What is the complementary RNA strand?
24. Translate the RNA you created in #23 into amino acids using the codon table below.
Part 3: Medelian Genetics and Punnett Squares.
25. Color is a genetic trait in cherry blossoms. The beautiful, well-known pink color is a recessive trait! A white
color is dominant. Two pink cherry blossoms are crossed with one another.
A. What letter describes the pink color? ____________
B. What letter describes the white color? ___________
C. What are the possible genotype(s) of a white blossom? _________
D. What are the possible genotype(s) of a pink blossom? __________
E. What are the percent of these two blossoms’ offspring which will
have a white phenotype? _________________
F. What percent of the offspring will have a white phenotype? ______
G. What percent will have a homozygous dominant genotype? ___________
H. What percent will have a homozygous recessive genotype? ___________
I.
What percent will have a heterozygous genotype? ___________
26. Number of toes is a genetic trait in sloths. Three toes (T) is dominant to four (t). At the San Diego zoo, two
sloths, Byron, heterozygous, and Gavin, homozygous dominant, are getting ready to have sloth babies.
A. What is Byron’s phenotype? ______________
B. What is Gavin’s phenotype? _____________
C. What percent of their offspring will be TT? ________
D. What percent of their offspring will be Tt? _________
E. What percent of their offspring will be tt? __________
F. What percent of their offspring will have 3 toes? ___________
G. What percent of their offspring will have 4 toes? ___________
27. Blood type in humans is codominant and uses the alleles IA, IB, and i. LIST all the possible GENOTYPES
and PHENOTYPES that are associated with human blood type, AND EXPLAIN why blood type is
codominant and not incompletely dominant.
28. If parents with IBi and ii blood have a child, what are the chances that it will have A blood? B blood? AB
blood? O blood?
A. A type blood? ____________
B. B type blood? ____________
C. AB type blood? _____________
D. O type blood? ______________
29. Kaloni is heterozygous for A blood and her husband Anthony has AB blood. Kaloni is thinking about going
on Maury Povich because she cheated on Anthony and wants to see if it is his or Anthony’s best friend
Javonte, who is heterozygous for B blood. You want to save her the embarrassment based on the fact that
her child has O blood. Use the Punnett square to prove the baby’s daddy.
Part 4: The Big Picture
30. What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
31. Why do we have to have RNA?
32. Explain the relationship between DNA, chromosomes, and genes.
33. Darrelle knows that all of these genetics things fit together. Ashley wants to help him understand, so she
plans to explain how it works. Help her out by answering these questions:
a. How are DNA, chromosomes, and genes related?
b. How do we get from DNA to the expression of traits?
c. Why do we have two alleles for every gene?
d. Why do you need to know both parents’ genotypes to predict their offspring?