1
Supplementary Online Material
2
Data select
3
In the last two decades, the emergence of abundant pollen records and aeolian
4
deposits covering the entire desert of northern China enable the MH vegetation and
5
desert distribution. However, some of records tend to have low temporal resolution or
6
poor chronology. In this study, for the pollen sites (Table S1), we took into
7
consideration the criteria as follows: (1) a reliable chronology with a minimum of
8
three dating control points (2) high sampling resolution with a minimum 200yr per
9
sample. (3) continuous record covering mid-Holocene without depositional hiatus. In
10
cases where there was more than one diagram available from a site, the one with
11
better dating control and higher pollen sampling resolution was used. Besides, we
12
selected aeolian sequence sites (Table S2) based on two criteria: (1) the sequence are
13
mainly consist of eaolian deposits, the sediment sequences of which is a direct mark
14
to indicate the expansion and contraction of deserts migration. (2) there are
15
independent and reliable dating controls close or span the MH in a stratigraphy. The
16
age data included optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), accelerator mass
17
spectrometry (AMS), liquid scintillation counting (LSC 14C), (TL)
18
thermoluminescence dating.
19
Chronology and Dating control
20
The quality of the dating controls has been assessed at 6±0.5 14C ka. The dating
21
control (DC) codes are based on the COHMAP dating control scheme (Webb, 1985;
22
Yu and Harrison 1995) using 1-7 ranks. The details are presented in the following
23
Table S1 and Table S2. After that, we mapped the spatial distribution of the DC (Fig.
24
S1).
25
26
1
27
28
29
30
Table S1 Characteristics of the fossil pollen sites selected for 6 ±0.5 14C ka from deserts in northern China
Name
Hai laer
Sheli
Tailai
Tongtu
Tongyu
Lop Bur
Re shuitang
Haiyuan
Manas
Aibi lake
Bosten Lake2
Haoluku
Liu zhouwan
Xiaoniuchang
Daihai
Wulun
Jiudaogou
Bayanchagan
Qingtu lake
Bosten Lake
Sanjiaoch
Balikun
Hurleg
Midiwan
Bahannur
Chasuqi
Qiguoshan
Eastern Juyan
Long.
(°E)
Lat.
(°N)
Elev.
(m)
No.
of
dates
119.00
123.31
123.43
123.30
123.10
90.25
117.65
105.97
85.92
82.75
87.00
116.76
116.68
116.82
112.66
87.25
96.65
115.35
103.61
87.21
103.34
92.77
96.90
108.62
109.27
111.13
119.37
101.85
49.17
45.23
46.40
45.23
44.83
40.50
43.75
36.43
45.83
44.92
42.00
42.87
42.71
42.62
40.55
47.25
40.50
42.08
39.07
41.96
39.01
43.62
37.28
37.65
39.32
40.67
43.97
41.89
760
150
146
150
148
780
1200
1600
257
194
1050
1333
1410
1411
1221
479
1376
1355
1302
1050
1320
1575
2817
1400
1278
1000
503
892
4
1
2
1
1
1
3
11
7
2
6
3
3
4
8
6
5
9
3
19
8
13
7
23
13
4
5
5
Date method
14
C
AMS
OSL
4
1
2
1
1
1
3
11
7
2
6
3
3
4
8
6
3
2
9
3
5
11
19
3
2
7
23
13
4
5
5
Date
control
6ka
Biomes
References
2C
4D
5D
7D
5D
7D
1C
5D
2C
2C
2C
2C
2C
1C
1C
1C
2C
1C
6C
1C
1C
1C
2C
1C
1C
4C
2C
1C
STEP*
STEP*
STEP*
STEP*
STEP*
DESE*
STEP*
COMX
DESE
STEP
STEP
COMX
COMX
COMX
COMX
DESE
STEP
TEDE
STEP
STEP
STEP
STEP
STEP
STEP
COMX
COMX
TEDE
DESE
Xia. 1993
Xia. 1993
Xia. 1993
Xia. 1993
Xia. 1993
Yan et al.,1998
Wu et al.,1992
Sun et al.,2007
Sun et al.,1994
Wu et al.,1996
Xv et al.,1998
Liu et al.,2002
Liu et al.,2002
Liu et al.,2002
Xiao et al.,2004
Xiao et al.,2006
Mao et al.,2007
Jiang et al.,2006
Li et al.,2009
Huang.2006
Chen,et al.,2006
Tao et al.,2010
Zhao et al.,2007
Li et al.,2003
Huang et al.,2009
Wang et al.,1997
Xv et al., 2002
Herzschuh et al.,
2
Hulun
Jinbian
Diaojiaohaizi
Dongdaohaizi
Yili
Mai li
Qigainur
117.42
108.33
112.35
87.58
81.97
122.83
109.85
48.92
37.50
41.30
44.64
43.86
42.87
39.50
545
1688
2015
402
928
155
1300
13
3**
13
6
9
8
17
/
13
6
13
/
9
8
17
/
1C
2C
1C
1C
2C
1D
1C
STEP
STEP
COMX
DESE
STEP
DESE
DESE
2004
Wen et al.,2010
Cheng.2011
Yang et al., 1997; 200
Li et al.,2001
Li et al.,2011
Yang et al.,2001
Sun & Feng. 2013
31
32
Dating control (DC) codes are based on the COHMAP dating control scheme (Webb, 1985; Yu & Harrison 1995). For sites with continuous
33
sedimentation (indicated by a C after the numeric code), the dating control is based on bracketing dates where 1 indicates that both dates are
34
within 2000 years of the selected interval, 2 indicates one date within 2000 years and the other within 4000 years, 3 indicates both within 4000
35
years, 4 indicates one date within 4000 years and the other within 6000 years, 5 indicates both dates within 6000 years, 6 indicates one date
36
within 6000 years and the other within 8000 years, and 7 indicates bracketing dates more than 8000 years from the selected interval. For sites
37
with discontinuous sedimentation (indicated by a D after the numeric code), 1 indicates a date within 250 years of the selected interval, 2 a date
38
within 500 years, 3 a date within 750 years, 4 a date within 1000 years, 5 a date within 1500 years, 6 a date within 2000 years, and 7 a date more
39
than 2000 years from the selected interval.
40
Date method: 14C-liquid scintillation counting; AMS- accelerator mass spectrometry; OSL – optically stimulated luminescence; TL-
41
thermoluminescence; “**” - dating based on a stacked loess grain size time series, termed the ‘‘Chiloparts’’
42
Biomes: COMX: cool mixed forest, TEDE: temperate deciduous forest, DESE: desert, and STEP: steppe. “*” after the biome means the result
43
from the Members of China Quaternary Pollen Data Base (2000)
44
3
Table S2 Characteristics of aeolian deposits sites for 6 ±0.5 14C ka covering the entire deserts in northern China (abbreviations see below)
Name
Long.(°E)
Lat.(°N)
Elev.(m)
No. of
dates
Date
control
6ka
Sedimentary
facies
1
1
4D
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
2C
1C
1C
1C
1C
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
aeolian sand
paleosol
paleosol
aeolian sand
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
Date method
14C
AMS
OSL
TL
Xiaxitai
Mosuowan
SGDL
HLA
HLB
HLC
Baicheng
Qianguoxinmiao
Qianguoshengjingzi
Dumeng
HSHN
MJZ
SG
YS
LW
San Yi
98.06
86.33
115.95
118.14
118.16
118.30
122.83
124.53
124.53
124.07
116.13
117.51
115.95
116.82
114.97
116.77
36.31
44.67
42.69
49.20
49.19
49.13
45.62
45.28
44.80
47.20
43.25
43.25
42.67
43.23
41.41
43.33
3165
370
1319
590
596
637
153
128
169
143
1293
1072
1315
1263
1382
1233
5
9
5
7
10
3
2
1
1
1
4
5
5
5
2
3
2
8
3
Xilinhaote
116.08
43.87
1004
9
7
2
1C
paleosol
SanYi
Chifeng
Baxi
Ganqika
excavated section
CLT
LJY
XS
ZGT-A
HTG
117.38
118.88
123.30
122.31
122.38
121.75
120.00
120.75
122.51
122.28
43.62
42.26
43.58
42.90
42.96
43.48
42.70
42.61
42.90
43.70
1476
586
152
255
250
210
482
427
241
175
5
5
13
8
5
5
2
1
5
4
4
5
13
1
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
aeolian sand
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
1
5
7
10
3
2
1
4
5
5
5
2
3
2
8
3
5
2
1
5
4
References
Niu et al., 2010
Chen et al., 2010
Zhou et al.,2008
Li and Sun, 2006
Li and Sun, 2006
Li and Sun, 2006
Li et al., 1991
Qiu et al., 1992
Qiu et al., 1992
Qiu et al., 1992
Zhou et al.,2005;2008
Zhou et al.,2005;2008
Han and Sun, 2004
Han and Sun, 2004
Zhou et al.,2008
Li et al., 2002
Li et al., 2005; Jin et al.,
2003
Wang et al., 2005
Xv et al., 2002
Liu et al., 2011
Zhao et al., 2007
Zhao et al., 2007
Yang et al., 2010; 2011
Yang et al., 2010; 2011
Yang et al., 2010; 2011
Yang et al.,2012
Yang et al.,2012
4
KB
JJ
TYG
CJG
DBY
Shenmu
Sidaogou
GLT
Yangtaomao
Zhenbeitai
HX
Yulin
DC
Guinan
HMH
WLS1
XXT1
XXT3
XXT4
XXT2
TGM
MGTA
GMY
DY
ZYC
JXG
BDK
Zhongweinanshan
S202-25KM
Xiyijing
Gonghetamai
NMHDB
GZEMD
AMGLB
XLBEX
CG
110.00
109.60
110.12
109.79
110.39
110.45
110.40
108.57
110.45
109.70
107.33
109.72
98.53
101.06
99.80
97.77
98.10
98.07
98.05
98.11
100.14
100.50
101.00
101.07
100.87
100.30
100.87
105.22
105.23
105.11
100.62
118.95
118.23
118.37
118.43
118.15
40.40
38.50
39.00
38.13
38.81
38.80
38.80
38.65
38.80
38.35
36.57
38.32
35.30
35.74
36.70
36.02
36.25
36.25
36.25
36.23
36.00
35.68
35.63
36.25
36.63
36.58
38.22
37.33
37.35
39.10
36.34
47.98
48.34
48.28
48.16
49.25
1014
1157
1280
1084
1178
1176
1219
1330
1176
1114
1250
1065
4081
3375
3274
3101
3233
3249
3281
3297
3136
3020
3394
3277
3487
3362
3233
1634
1632
1274
3075
778
628
702
683
599
5
5
6
4
6
9
5
2
6
7
21
4
51
8
4
6
5
4
4
6
8
5
10
7
6
13
5
4
4
1
1
4
4
6
5
6
5
5
6
4
6
9
5
2
6
7
3
21
1
51
8
2
5
2
4
6
5
4
4
6
8
5
10
7
6
11
2
4
1
1
4
4
6
5
6
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
2D
2D
1C
2D
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
2C
1C
1C
1C
3D
1D
1D
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
loess
paleosol
paleosol
loess
loess
loess
loess
loess
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
loess
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
aeolian sand
paleosol
Sun et al., 2006
Sun et al., 2006
Sun et al., 2006
Zhou et al., 2005
Lu et al., 2005
Zhou et al., 2002
Lu et al., 2005
He et al., 2010
Zhou et al., 1999
Zhou et al., 1998
Lu et al., 2006
Lu et al., 2010
Stauch et al.,2012
Dong et al., 1993
Lu et al., 2011a
Yu et al., 2012
Yu et al., 2012
Yu et al., 2012
Yu et al., 2012
Yu et al., 2012
Qiang et al., 2013
Qiang et al., 2013
Qiang et al., 2013
Liu et al., 2012
Liu et al., 2012
Liu et al., 2012
Yu et al., 2006
Qiang et al., 2000
Feng et al., 2013
Gao et al., 1993
Gao et al., 1993
Zeng et al., 2013
Zeng et al., 2013
Zeng et al., 2013
Zeng et al., 2013
Zeng et al., 2013
5
WLCB
HBRGN
DTG
JPW
XZB
BYMH
Cagelebulu
Tiegai
KZZQ
TPC
Liu wang
Hadenghushuo
Jinjie
Dalashi
SX
HK
BTW
MU11-35-ASE
114.65
115.81
115.16
117.45
121.10
123.38
108.30
100.21
122.00
123.30
115.00
115.83
110.15
109.29
113.50
108.78
108.65
108.24
42.75
42.45
41.26
43.24
42.70
43.27
39.88
35.99
44.00
44.11
43.00
42.49
38.74
38.58
43.00
38.09
38.00
38.24
1133
1383
1558
1069
422
133
1271
3104
182
144
1188
1352
1189
1261
1085
1217
1220
1352
3
2
4
3
7
4
8
1
5
5
2
6
10
3
5
2
1
1
3
2
4
3
7
4
8
1
5
5
2
6
10
3
5
2
1
1
1C
1D
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1D
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1D
1D
1D
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
loess
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
paleosol
Zhou et al., 2013
Zhou et al., 2013
Zhou et al., 2013
Zhou et al., 2013
Yi et al., 2013
Yi et al., 2013
Zhou et al., 2002
Gao et al., 1993; 2001
Yang et al., 2013b
Yang et al., 2013b
Lu et al., 2011b
Li et al., 1995
Ma ji. 2011
Ma ji. 2011
Yang et al., 2013a
Xv et al., 2013
Xv et al., 2013
Xv et al., 2013
Dating control (DC) codes are also based on the COHMAP dating control scheme (Webb, 1985; Yu & Harrison 1995). Date method: 14C-liquid
scintillation counting; AMS- accelerator mass spectrometry; OSL- optically stimulated luminescence; TL- thermoluminescence
6
Supplementary figures
Figure S1 The spatial characteristic of the dating control for pollen records (a) and
sedimentary facies (b) at 6ka.
7
Supplementary references:
Chen, F.-H., B. Cheng, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhu, and D. B. Madsen (2006), Holocene
environmental change inferred from a high-resolution pollen record, Lake
Zhuyeze,
arid
China,
Holocene,
16(5),
675-684,
doi:
10.1191/0959683606hl951rp.
Cheng, H. Z., J. Jin, and G. R. Dong (2001), Holocene evolution processes of
Gurbantunggut desert and climatic changes, Journal of Desert Research, 21(4),
333-339 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Cheng, Y. F. (2011), Vegetation and climate changes in the middle and northern Loess
Plateau over the past 26000 years, M.S. thesis, Geography, China University of
Geosciences, Beijing.
Feng, H., H. Y. Lu, S. W. Yi, L. Zeng, Z. M. Qiu, and M. C. Cui (2013), The border
changes of the deserts/sand field in the East Asian Monsoon marginal region
during the Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene Optimum, Quaternary Sciences,
33(2), 252-259 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao, S. Y., G. Y. Wang, S. Ha, and Z. Z. Shu (2001), A case study on desert evolution
in the northwestern fringe of monsoon area, China since the Last Glacial epoch,
Quaternary Sciences, 21(1), 66-71 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao, S. Y., W. N. Chen, H. L. Jin, G. R. Dong, B. S. Li, G. S. Yang, L. Y. Lin, Y. Z.
Guan, Z. Sun, J. Jin et al., (1993), Preliminary study on the Holocene evolution
of the NW desert margin in the monsoon region of China, Sci China Ser B, 23(2),
202–208 (in Chinese ).
Han, P., and J. M. Sun (2004), Thermoluminescence chrology of sand profile in the
Hunshandake, Quaternary Science, 24(4).
He, Z., J. Zhou, Z. P. Lai, L. H. Yang, J. M. Liang, H. Long, and X. J. Ou (2010),
8
Quartz OSL dating of sand dunes of Late Pleistocene in the Mu Us Desert in
northern
China,
Quat
Geochronol,
5(2-3),
102-106,
doi:
10.1016/j.quageo.2009.02.011.
Herzschuh, U., P. Tarasov, B. Wunnemann, and K. Hartmann (2004), Holocene
vegetation and climate of the Alashan Plateau, NW China, reconstructed from
pollen
data,
Palaeogeogr
Palaeocl,
211(1-2),
1-17,
doi:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.04.001
Huang, C. Q., Z. D. Feng, Y. Z. Ma, L. L. Guo, and W. Wei (2009), Holocene
paleoenvironment changes recorded by pollen of Bahar Nuur Lake, Journal of
Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences)., 45(4), 7-12 (in Chinese with English
abstract).
Huang, X. Z. (2006), Holocene climate variability of arid central Asia documented by
Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, China, Ph.D thesis, institute of Physical Geography
Lanzhou University, Lanzhou.
Jiang, W. Y., Z. T. Guo, X. J. Sun, H. B. Wu, G. Q. Chu, B. Y. Yuan, C. Hatte, and J.
Guiot (2006), Reconstruction of climate and vegetation changes of Lake
Bayanchagan (Inner Mongolia): Holocene variability of the East Asian monsoon,
Quaternary Res, 65(3), 411-420, doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2005.10.007
Jin, H. L., Z. Z. Shu, and Z. Sun (2003), Characters of Chemical Elements in Strata of
Middle and Late Holocene in Hunshandake Desert and the Indicating Climatic
Changes, Journal of Desert Research, 23(4), 366-371 (in Chinese with English
abstract).
Li, M. Q., H. L. Jin, H. Zhang, Z. Z. Su and Z. Sun (2005), Climate Change Revealed
by Magnetic Susceptibility and Organic Matter during the Holocene in
Hunshandak Desert, Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 23(4), 683-689 (in Chinese
9
with English abstract).
Li, Q. S. (1991), The formation of Songnen Sandy Land and the changes of the
environment, Journal of desert research, 11(3), 36-43 (in Chinese with English
abstract).
Li, S. H., and J. M. Sun (2006), Optical dating of Holocene dune sands from the
Hulun Buir Desert, northeastern China, Holocene, 16(3), 457-462, doi:
10.1191/0959683606hl942rr.
Li, S. H., J. M. Sun, and H. Zhao (2002), Optical dating of dune sands in the
northeastern deserts of China, Palaeogeogr Palaeocl, 181(4), 419-429, doi:
10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00443-6.
Li, S., W. Sun, X. Z. Li, and B. Zhang (1995), Sedimentary characteristics and
environmental evolution of Otindag Sandy Land in Holocene, Journal of Desert
Research, 15(4), 323-331 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Li, X. Q., W. J. Zhou, Z. S. An, and J. Dodson (2003), The vegetation and monsoon
variations at the desert-loess transition belt at Midiwan in northern China for the
last 13 ka, Holocene, 13(5), 779-784, doi: 10.1191/0959683603hl664rr.
Li, X. Q., K. L. Zhao, J. Dodson, and X. Y. Zhou (2011), Moisture dynamics in central
Asia for the last 15 kyr: new evidence from Yili Valley, Xinjiang, NW China,
Quaternary Sci Rev, 30(23-24), 3457-3466, doi:
10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.010.
Li, Y., N. A. Wang, C. Morrill, H. Y. Cheng, H. Long, and Q. Zhao (2009),
Environmental change implied by the relationship between pollen assemblages
and grain-size in NW Chinese lake sediments since the Late Glacial, Rev
Palaeobot Palyno, 154(1-4), 54-64, doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.12.005
Li, Z. Z., Y. Hai, Y. Zhou, R. Y. Luo, and Q. J. Zhang (2001), Pollen component of
10
lacustrain deposit and its paleo-environment significance in the downstream
region of Urimuqi river since 30ka BP, Arid Land Geography, 24(3), 201-205 (in
Chinese with English abstract).
Liu, B., H. L. Jin, and Z. Sun (2011), Climate Change in East Horqin Sandy Land
Since 6.0 ka BP, Journal of Desert Research, 31(6), 1398-1405 (in Chinese with
English abstract).
Liu, H. Y., H. T. Cui, Y. H. Tian, and L. H. Xu (2002), Temporal-spatial variances of
holocene precipitation at the marginal area of the East Asian monsoon influences
from pollen evidence, Acta Bot Sin, 44(7), 864-871.
Liu, X. J., Z. P. Lai, L. P. Yu, Y. J. Sun, and D. Madsen (2012), Luminescence
chronology of aeolian deposits from the Qinghai Lake area in the Northeastern
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its palaeoenvironmental implications, Quat
Geochronol, 10, 37-43, doi: 10.1016/j.quageo.2012.01.016.
Lu, H. Y., J. A. Mason, T. Stevens, Y. L. Zhou, S. W. Yi and X. D. Miao (2011),
Response of surface processes to climatic change in the dunefields and Loess
Plateau of North China during the late Quaternary, Earth Surface Processes And
Landforms, 36, 1590-1603, doi: 10.1002/esp.2168.
Lu, H. Y., X. D. Miao, Y. L. Zhou, J. Mason, J. Swinehart, J. F. Zhang, L. P. Zhou, and
S. W. Yi (2005), Late Quaternary aeolian activity in the Mu Us and Otindag dune
fields (north China) and lagged response to insolation forcing, Geophys Res Lett,
32(21), doi: 10.1029/2005GL024560.
Lu, H. Y., Y. L. Zhou, J. M. Mason, T. Stevens, S. W. Yi, and J. Swinehart (2006),
Late quaternary climatic changes in northern China---new evidence from sand
dune and loess records based on optically stimulated luminescience dating,
Quaternary Science,26(6), 888-894 (in Chinese with English abstract).
11
Lu, H. Y., C. F. Zhao, J. Mason, S. W. Yi, H. Zhao, Y. L. Zhou, J. F. Ji, J. Swinehart,
and C. M. Wang (2011), Holocene climatic changes revealed by aeolian deposits
from the Qinghai Lake area (northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau) and possible
forcing mechanisms, Holocene, 21(2), 297-304, doi:
10.1177/0959683610378884
Lu, R. J., Y. J. Wang, and D. S. Zhang(2010), Climate Changes and Desert Evolution
of Mu Us Desert since 15 ka BP, Journal of Desert Research, 30(2), 273-277 (in
Chinese with English abstract)
Ma, J. (2011), OSL dating of Holocene sequence and Paleoclimate change records in
southern margin of Mu Us desert, North China, M.S. thesis, Quaternary geology,
Northwest University, Xian.
Mao, H. L., H. Z, Y. L. Lu, C. M. Wang, K. Q. Zhang, Z. J. Yang, and J. J. Liang
(2007), Pollen assemblages and environment evolution in Shule River alluvial
fan oasis of Gansu, Acta Geoscientica Sinica., 28(6), 528-534 (in Chinese with
English abstract).
Niu, G. M., M. R. Qiang, L. Song, L. L. Lang, and L. Q. Wang (2010), Change of
Eastern Asian Winter Monsoon recorded by aeolian deposits over the past 5000
years at the southeastern margin of Qaidam Basin, Journal of Desert Research,
30(5), 1031-1039 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Qiang, M. R., S. Li, M. Jin, and F. H. Chen (2000), Aeolian deposits on the
southeastern margin of Tengger desert and desert evolution during the Last 60
000 years, Journal of Desert Research, 20(3), 256-259 (in Chinese with English
abstract).
Qiang, M. R., F. H. Chen, L. Song, X. X. Liu, M. Z. Li, and Q. Wang (2013), Late
Quaternary aeolian activity in Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan
12
Plateau, China, Quaternary Res, 79(3), 403-412, doi:
10.1016/j.yqres.2013.03.003
Qiu, S. W., Q. S. Li, Y. M. Xia (1992), Paleosols of sandy lands and environment
changes in the western plain of northeast China during Holocene, Quaternary
Science, (3), 224-232 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Shi, P. J., and C. Q. Song (2003), Palynological records of environmental changes in
the middle part of Inner Mongolia, China, Chinese Science Bulletin, 48(14),
1433-1438, doi: 10.1360/02wd0259.
Stauch, G., J. Ijmker, S. Pötsch, H. Zhao, A. Hilgers, B. Diekmann, E. Dietze, K.
Hartmann, S. Opitz, and B. Wünnemann et al. (2012), Aeolian sediments on the
north-eastern
Tibetan
Plateau,
Quaternary
Sci
Rev,
57,
71-84,
doi:
10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.001.
Sun, A. Z., and Z. D. Feng (2013), Holocene climatic reconstructions from the fossil
pollen record at Qigai Nuur in the southern Mongolian Plateau, Holocene, 23(10),
1391-1402, doi: 10.1177/0959683613489581.
Sun, A. Z., Y. Z. Ma, Z. D. Feng, F. Li, and H. N. Wu (2007), Pollen-recorded climate
changes between 13.0 and 7.0 C-14 ka BP in southern Ningxia, China, Chinese
Science Bulletin, 52(8), 1080-1088, doi: 10.1007/s11434-007-0163-7.
Sun, J. M., S. H. Li, P. Han, and Y. Y. Chen (2006), Holocene environmental changes
in the central Inner Mongolia, based on single-aliquot-quartz optical dating and
multi-proxy study of dune sands, Palaeogeogr Palaeocl, 233(1-2), 51-62, doi:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.09.016.
Sun, X. J., N. Q. Du, C. Y. Weng, R. F. Lin, and K. Q. Wei (1994), Paleovegetation
and paleoenvironment of Manasi Lake, Xinjiang, China during the last 14000
years, Quaternary Sciences., (3), 239-248 (in Chinese with English abstract).
13
Tao, S. C., C. B. An, F. H. Chen, L. Y. Tang, Z. L. Wang, Y. B. Lue, Z. F. Li, T. M.
Zheng, and J. J. Zhao (2010), Pollen-inferred vegetation and environmental
changes since 16.7 ka BP at Balikun Lake, Xinjiang, Chinese Science Bulletin,
55(22), 2449-2457, doi: 10.1007/s11434-010-3174-8.
Wang, B. Y., and X. J. Sun (1997), The preliminary research of paleoenvironment
evolution in Chasuqi peat profile, Inner Mongolia during the Holocene, Chinese
Science Bulletin, 42(5), 514-518 (in Chinese).
Wang, Y., S. B. Wang, Z. Z. Zhao, Y. Qin, Y. S. Ma, J. M. Sun, H. Y. Shu, and M.
Z. Tian (2005), Vegetation and Environmental Changes in Hexiqten Qi of Inner
Mongolia in the Past 16 000 Years, Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 26(5), 449-453 (in
Chinese with English abstract).
Webb III T (1985), A Global Paleoclimatic Data Base for 6000 yr B.P.
DOE/EV/10097-6, US Department of Energy, Washington, pp. 155.
Wen, R. L., J. L. Xiao, Z. G. Chang, D. Y. Zhai, Q. H. Xu, Y. C. Li, S. Itoh, and Z.
Lomtatidze (2010), Holocene climate changes in the mid-high-latitude-monsoon
margin reflected by the pollen record from Hulun Lake, northeastern Inner
Mongolia, Quaternary Res, 73(2), 293-303, doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2009.10.006
Wu, J. H., and X. S. Zheng (1992), The preliminary research of evolution in soil and
vegetation in farming-grazing transitional zone in northern China during the past
8000 years, in The Holocene environment evolution and forcast, edited by Y. R.
Zhou., and L. S. Zhang, pp. 5-70, Geology Press, Beijing.
Wu, J. L, S. M. Wang, and H. D. Wang (1996), Characters of the evolution of climate
and environment of Holocene in Aibi Lake Basin in Xinjiang, Oceanologia Et
Limnologia Sinica., 27 (5), 524-530 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Xia, Y. M. (1993), The preliminary research of the spore-pollen features at paleosol
14
and environment of the megathermal in Hulun Buir sandy land, in Research on
the Past Life Supporting Environment Change of China, edited by L. S. Zhang,
PP. 44-53, China Ocean Press , Beijing.
Xiao, J. L., Q. H. Xu, T. Nakamura, X. L. Yang, W. D. Liang, and Y. Inouchi (2004),
Holocene vegetation variation in the Daihai Lake region of north-central China: a
direct indication of the Asian monsoon climatic history, Quaternary Sci Rev,
23(14-15), 1669-1679, doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.01.005.
Xiao, X. Y., Q. F. Jiang, X. Q. Liu, H. F. Xiao, and J. Shen (2006), High resolution
spore pollen record and environment change since Holocene in the Wulun Lake,
Xinjiang, Acta Micropaleontologica Sinica., 23(1), 77-86 (in Chinese with
English abstract).
Xv, Q. H., Z. J. Yang, Z. J. Cui, X. L. Yang, and W. D. Liang (2002), A Study on
Pollen Analysis of Qiguoshan Section and Ancestor Living Environment in
Chifeng Area, Nei Mongol, Scientia Geographica Sinica, 22(4), 453-457 (in
Chinese with English abstract).
Xv, Q. H., Z. J. Yang, Z. J. Cui, X. L. Yang, and W. D. Liang (2002), A study on
pollen analysis of Qiguoshan section and ancestor living environment in Chifeng
area, Nei Mongol, Scientia Geography Scinica., 22(4), 453-457 (in Chinese with
English abstract).
Xv, Y. Q. (1998), The assemblage of Holocene spore pollen and its environment in
Bosten Lake area, Xinjinag, Arid Land Geography., 21(2), 43-49 (in Chinese
with English abstract).
Xv, Z. W., H. Y. Lu, S. W. Yi, Y. L. Zhou, J. A. Mason, X. Y. Wang, Y. Y. Cheng, F. Y.
Zhu, H. Z. Zhang, and X. M. Zhai (2013), Spatial variations of The Mu Us Dune
Field (North Central China) during The Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene
15
Optimum, Quaternary Science, 33(2) 218-227 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yan, S., G. J. Mu, and Y. Q. Xv (1998), Quaternary enviroment evolution of the Lop
Nur Region, China, Acta Geographica Sinica, 53(4), 332-339 (in Chinese with
English abstract).
Yang, L. H., Z. P. Lai, J. Zhou, H. Long, and J. R. Zhao (2011), Dune Evolution in
Horqin Dunefield of China Since Late Glacical Period Inferred from
Luminescence Dating and Pollen, Scientia Geographica Sinica, 31(6), 695-701
(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang, L. H., J. Zhou, Z. P. Lai, H. Long, and J. R. Zhang (2010), Lateglacial and
Holocene dune evolution in the Horqin dunefield of northeastern China based on
luminescence
dating,
Palaeogeogr
Palaeocl,
296(1-2),
44-51,
doi:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.06.014.
Yang, L. H., T. Wang, J. Zhou, Z. P. Lai, and H. Long (2012), OSL chronology and
possible forcing mechanisms of dune evolution in the Horqin dunefield in
northern China since the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Res, 78(2),
185-196, doi: 10.1016/j.yqres.2012.05.002
Yang, L. R. and L. P. Yue (2013), Horqin dunefield in northeastern China in the Last
Glacial and Holocene as revealed by OSL dating, Quaternary Science,33(2),
260-268 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang, X., X. Wang, Z. Liu, H. Li, X. Ren, D. Zhang, Z. Ma, P. Rioual, X. Jin, and L.
Scuderi (2013), Initiation and variation of the dune fields in semi-arid China with a special reference to the Hunshandake Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia,
Quaternary Sci Rev, 78, 369-380, doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.02.006.
Yang, Y. X., X. C. Huang, S. Y. Wang, and Z. C. Kong (2001), Study on the mire
development and paleogeographical environment change since the early period
16
of the Holocene in the east part of the Xiliaohe plain, Scientia Geographica
Sinica, 21(3), 242-249 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang, Z. R. (2001), Reconstruction of climate and environment since the Holocene in
Diaojiaohaizi Lake area, Daqing Moutains, Inner Mongolia, Acta Ecologica
Sinica, 21(4), 538-543 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yi, S. W., H. Y. Lu, L. Zeng, and Z. W. Xv (2013), Paleoclimate changes and
reconstruction of the border og Horqin dunefield (northern China) since the Last
Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Science, 33(2), 206-217 (in Chinese with English
abstract).
Yu. G., S. P. Harrision (1995), Lake status records from Europe: Data base
documentation. NOAA Paleoclimatology Publications Series Report 3: pp. 451.
Yu, L. P., and Z. P. Lai (2012), OSL chronology and palaeoclimatic implications of
aeolian sediments in the eastern Qaidam Basin of the northeastern
Qinghai-Tibetan
Plateau,
Palaeogeogr
Palaeocl,
337,
120-129,
doi:
10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.04.004.
Yu, Y. T., T. B. Yang, J. J. Li, J. F. Liu, C. R. An, X. Y. Liu, Z. Fan, Z. Y. Lu, Y. P. Li,
and X. Su (2006), Millennial-scale Holocene climate variability in the NW China
drylands and links to the tropical Pacific and the North Atlantic, Palaeogeogr
Palaeocl, 233(1-2), 149-162, doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.09.008.
Zeng, L., H. Y. Lu, S. W. Yi, Y. Y. Cheng, and F. Y. Zhu (2013), Environmental
changes of Hulun Buir dunefield in northeastern China during the Last Glacial
Maximum and Holocenne Optimum, Quaternary Science,33(2), 243-251 (in
Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao, H., Y. C. Lu, and J. H. Yin (2007), Optical dating of Holocene sand dune
activities in the Horqin sand-fields in inner Mongolia, China, using the SAR
17
protocol, Quat Geochronol, 2(1-4), 29-33, doi: 10.1016/j.quageo.2006.03.008.
Zhao, Y., Z. C. Yu, F. H. Chen, E. Ito, and C. Zhao (2007), Holocene vegetation and
climate history at Hurleg Lake in the Qaidam Basin, northwest China, Rev
Palaeobot Palyno, 145(3-4), 275-288, doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.12.002.
Zhou, W. J., J. Dodson, M. J. Head, B. S. Li, Y. J. Hou, X. F. Lu, D. J. Donahue, and
A. J. T. Jull (2002), Environmental variability within the Chinese desert-loess
transition zone over the last 20 000 years, Holocene, 12(1), 107-112, doi:
10.1191/0959683602hl525rr.
Zhou, W. J., M. J. Head, X. F. Lu, Z. S. An, A. J. T. Jull, and D. Donahue (1999),
Teleconnection of climatic events between East Asia and polar, high latitude
areas during the last deglaciation, Palaeogeogr Palaeocl, 152(1-2), 163-172, doi:
10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00041-3.
Zhou, W. J., Z. S. An, A. J. Tjull, D. J. Donahue, and M. J. Head (1998), Reappraisal
of Chinese Loess Plateau stratigraphic sequences over the last 30,000 years:
Precursors of an important Holocene monsoon climatic event, Radiocarbon,
40(2), 905-913.
Zhou, Y. L., H. Y. Lu, J. A. Mason, X. D. Miao, J. B. Swinehart, and R. J. Globe
(2008), Thermoluminescence chrology of sand profile in the Hunshandake and
climate change during Holocene, Sci China Ser D, 38(4), 452-462.
Zhou, Y. L., H. Y. Lu, J. F. Zhang, and L. P. Zhou (2005), Active and inactive phase of
Sand-dune in Mu Us and Qtindag Sandlands during Late Quaternary suggested
by OSL dating, Journal of desert research, 25(3), 342-350 (in Chinese with
English abstract).
Zhou, Y. L., H. Y. Lu, X. Y. Zhang, and S. W. Yi (2013), Changes of The border of
Otindag sand field (northern China)during the Last Glacial Maximum and
18
Holocene Optimum, Quaternary Science, 33(2), 228-242 (in Chinese with
English abstract).
19