LINKAGES AFRICA
Reporting on Environment and Sustainable Development in Africa
Issue # 9: 15 November 2007
Editor: Richard Sherman
Executive Editor: Kimo Goree
Published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
Distributed exclusively to the AFRICASD-L list by IISD Reporting Services
For more information on the African Regional Coverage Project visit
http://www.iisd.ca/africa
Editor's note: Welcome to the ninth issue of Linkages Africa. We plan to provide this service on
at least a fortnightly basis. If you should come across a news article or have a submission for the
next issue, please send it directly to richards@iisd.org. Linkages Africa is an exclusive
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RECENT IISD AFRICA COVERAGE
JOINT COPS OF THE ABIDJAN AND NAIROBI CONVENTIONS
8 November 2007: The Joint Conferences of the Contracting Parties (COP) of the Abidjan
Convention for the Cooperation in the Protection of the Marine and Coastal Environment in the West
and Central Africa Region and the Nairobi Convention for the Protection, Management and
Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region took place on 7
November 2007 in Johannesburg, South Africa. The session marked the eighth session of the Abidjan
Convention and the fifth session of the Nairobi Convention. The Joint COPs were followed by a
meeting of the Joint Heads of Delegation of the Abidjan and Nairobi Conventions and the New
Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) on 8 November. The Joint COPs concluded with the
adoption of a number of decisions. The Abidjan COP took decisions on: the Work Programme for
2008–2011; implementation of Abidjan Convention and action plan as instruments of sustainable
development; measures to accelerate ratification of the relevant global and regional conventions
dealing with marine safety and marine pollution prevention and mitigation; protection of ecosystems
and endangered species; assessment and monitoring activities in the region; ratification and revision
of the Abidjan Convention and related Protocol; strengthening partnerships and the institutional and
coordination mechanism; financial matters; and reactivation of the Abidjan Convention. The Nairobi
COP adopted decisions regarding: Work Programme for 2008-2011; protection of ecosystems and
endangered species; assessment and monitoring activities; revision of the Nairobi Convention and
related Protocols; strengthening partnerships and institutional mechanisms; small island developing
States; support to Somalia and financial matters. The COP also considered the draft Joint Declaration
and forwarded it to the Secretariat with amendments. The meeting of the Joint Heads of Delegation of
the Abidjan and Nairobi Conventions and NEPAD discussed and adopted the Joint Declaration of the
Abidjan Convention and Nairobi Convention on the Protection and Development of the Marine and
Coastal Environment.
IISD ARC Briefing Note
FIFTH MEETING OF THE AFRICAN COMMITTEE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
26 October 20007: The fifth meeting of the African Committee on Sustainable Development (ACSD5), which included the African Regional Implementation Meeting for the sixteenth Session of the UN
Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD-16), took place in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 2225 October 2007. Organized by the UN Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), the meeting
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convened under the theme “Transforming African Agriculture and Rural Economy for Sustainable
Development.” Throughout the meeting, delegates met in morning and afternoon plenary sessions to
consider: a progress report on implementation of the 2006-07 programme of work of the Food
Security and Sustainable Development Division of the ECA; a proposed new mandate for the African
Committee on Sustainable Development (ACSD or the Committee); and implementation in Africa of
the sustainable development agenda, particularly in relation to the CSD-16 themes of agriculture and
rural development, drought and desertification, land, and Africa. Additionally, delegates met in two
drafting committees, which addressed the draft African Regional Statement for CSD-16 and the
revised mandate of the Committee. Regarding implementation of sustainable development in relation
to the CSD-16 themes, delegates considered four review reports prepared by the ECA Secretariat with
the guidance of the ACSD-4 Bureau. After proposing amendments, delegates accepted the revised
reports, which will be forwarded to CSD-16 for consideration. The meeting resulted in three other key
outputs. Delegates adopted the African Regional Statement to CSD-16 on Agriculture and Rural
Development, Land, Drought and Desertification, and Africa. As part of the agreed process of ECA
repositioning, they also agreed to a new draft mandate for the Committee, which will be considered in
April 2009 by the Conference of African Ministers of Finance, Planning and Economic Development,
which is the governing body of the ECA. The new draft mandate means that with the end of ACSD-5,
and with the adoption of this new mandate, the ACSD will be reconstituted and known as the
Committee on Food Security and Sustainable Development (CFSSD). If adoption of this mandate
proceeds as planned, the next biennial review, in the form of CFSSD-1, will be held in Addis Ababa
in October 2009. Finally, delegates approved the report of the meeting.
IISD’s Summary Report
IISD’s Institutional Report
URBAN LAND IN AFRICA
24 October 2007: The UN-HABITAT side event on “Urban Land in Africa” took place on
Wednesday. It focused on UN-HABITAT’s perspectives and work in the area of urban land,
particularly in Africa, as well as urban land challenges and opportunities for African countries.
Participants stressed that given the majority of populations in African cities live in slums, urban and
peri-urban land is central to any strategy to improve conditions and achieve sustainable development.
Participants also stressed the urgency of reversing the trend of attending to agriculture for
agriculture’s sake, and urged a broader focus on markets. Regarding the MDGs, UN-HABITAT said
there was “complete blindness” in the discourse, and too often the issues of slum upgrading and
prevention are overlooked.
IISD ARC Briefing Note
AFRICAN ECO-LABELING MECHANISM
23 October 2007: A side event on the development of an African Eco-Labeling Mechanism (AEM)
was held on Tuesday. Jointly organized by the AU Commission, the ECA and UNEP, the event
provided an opportunity for ACSD-5 delegates to discuss and review progress on the establishment of
an AEM. The side event, moderated by the AU Commission, included a focus on emerging trends on
environmental labeling and their impact on Africa, and the proposed structure and functions of the
AEM. This was followed by a general discussion, during which participants underlined the
importance of having such a regional mechanism in place.
IISD ARC Briefing Note
RECENT EVENTS
EU SUPPORT TO AMCOW
14 November 2007: The European Union (EU) has granted a financial assistance worth 2.6 million
Euros to the African Ministers’ Council on Water (AMCOW). The Director in charge of Water and
Energy in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries at the European Commission, Monique
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le Genissel, said “w e aim to use this money to help the AMCOW get a genuine secretariat. We
thought that the Council, which is doing an outstanding job, needed to build its institutional
capacities. More generally, we want AMCOW to make a plea that would help place water high on the
African Union agenda,” Genissel added. AMCOW was established in April 2002 in Abuja, Nigeria,
“to foster co-operation, security, socio-economic development and poverty eradication in the member
countries through a good management of water resources". The Council, which groups 41 African
countries, also seeks to foster regional and international co-operation through the co-ordination of
African policies and actions on water resources.
Source: Panapress, 2007
WORLD BANK RELEASES AFRICA DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 2007
14 November 2007: After years of stop-and-start results, many African economies appear to be
growing at the fast and steady rates needed to put a dent on the region’s high poverty rate and attract
global investment. The encouraging trend is shown in the World Bank Africa Development Indicators
2007 (ADI) released by World Bank. The report is based on more than a thousand indicators
covering economic, human and private-sector development, governance, environment, and aid.
Source: World Bank, 2007
UN SECRETARY-GENERAL ASSISTS YOUNG PEOPLE FROM KIBERA SLUM
12 November 2007: A group of 30 young people drawn from Kenya’s largest slum of Kibera last
week held talks at UN-HABITAT headquarters in Nairobi to explore ways of helping their colleagues
benefit from slum upgrading and construction programmes with funds made available by UN
Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon through the Pony Chung Scholarship Foundation. In a message to
the meeting Anna Tibiuajuka, Executive Director of UN-HABITAT, said the funds, amounting to
US$ 100,000, had been made available to the agency following a visit to Kibera by the SecretaryGeneral on his first official African tour in January 2007. Those attending the meeting emphasized the
need to train them in building and construction methods, computer skills, accounting,
entrepreneurship and resource mobilization. The training programme will be designed to initially
benefit about 100 young people from Kibera.
Source: UN-HABITAT, 2007
UNEP LAUNCHES TWO GEF PROJECTS FOR THE TEA SECTOR
8 November 2007: The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) launched two pioneering initiatives Cogeneration for Africa and Small Hydro for Greening the Tea Industry- with the African
Development Bank as co-implementer, and supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The
projects, worth around US $100 million in total, are also being executed by the East African Tea
Trade Association (EATTA) and the Energy, Environment and Development Network for Africa
(AFREPREN/FWD). The small-scale hydro initiative is expected to reach over 8 million people in
the tea industry - a principal source of convertible currency for Eastern and Southern Africa. With an
initial target of 10MW of small hydro, the project is eventually expected to stimulate 82MW of small
hydro capacity in the region. Burundi, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and
Zambia are among the countries which have already endorsed this initiative. The Cogeneration for
Africa is a first-of-its-kind project designed to boost cogeneration - the use of agricultural waste to
produce energy - across Eastern and Southern Africa. The scheme will aim to reach around 10 million
sugar farmers and their dependants in Kenya, Ethiopia, Malawi, Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania and
Swaziland. The initiative is expected to bring on stream 60MW of cleaner power generation capacity
in its initial pilot phase, and eventually set the stage for the installation of over 200MW of
cogeneration capacity across the region.
Source: UNEP, 2007
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UN AGENCIES HOST 8TH REGIONAL CONSULTATION ON SUPPORT TO AFRICA
9 November 2007: The 8th Regional Consultation Meeting (RCM) of UN agencies and organisations
working in Africa in support of the African Union (AU) and its NEPAD programme was held on 5-6
November 2007, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The meeting discussed progress report on the
implementation of recommendations of the 7th RCM; review of the cluster system; review of the 10year capacity-building programme for the African Union; and post-conflict reconstruction. In her
address to the meeting, United Nations Deputy Secretary-General Asha-Rose Migiro urged all
countries to come together in support of development initiatives for Africa. “What is needed most
now is to translate the current consensus on meeting the special needs of Africa into concrete and
actionable sets of measures which would help transform people’s lives in the short and long term,”
she said. Appealing for a “positive spirit of inter-agency collaboration and partnership in support of
the African Union and NEPAD,” she said all possible resources must be galvanized to support
Africa’s development A number of recommendation emanated from the 8th RCM, including:
providing high-profile leadership and sustaining institutional commitment to ensure the effective
functioning of the cluster system; factoring in the regional integration agenda of the AU should be
factored into all programmes and activities of the cluster system; effectively mainstreaming gender
issues; and increasing UN agencies’ support to the AU Commission to enhance implementation of
decisions of the AU Assembly.
Source: NEPAD, 2007
ECOWAS MINISTERS ESTABLISHES COMMITTEE TO OVERSEE PESTICIDE USE
8 November 2007: Ministers of Food and Agriculture from Member States of the Economic
Commission for West African States (ECOWAS) meeting on 8th November 2007 in Ouagadougou,
Burkina Faso, approved the establishment of a regional committee to oversee the implementation of
regulations regarding the production, importation and application of pesticides in West Africa. The
West African Committee for Pesticides Approval, a committee of experts from Member States that
have ratified the common regulation on pesticides and external experts, was one of the decisions of
the one-day meeting of the ministers that discussed ways of boosting agricultural productivity in the
region. In particular, the committee will facilitate trade in pesticides among Member States through
the enforcement of regionally agreed principles, facilitate farmers’ access to quality pesticides in a
timely and convenient manner, ensure their rational and judicious use, contribute to the creation of an
environment conducive for private sector investment in the pesticides industry and promote
private/public partnership. The ministers also agreed on the ECOWAS supplementary act for the
harmonization of rules for pesticides registration in the region as well as the regulation on the
harmonization of rules governing the quality control, certification and marketing of seeds and planting
materials. The three-day preparatory experts meeting from 5th November 2007, was attended by three
experts from each Member State in the areas of seeds, pesticides as well as biodiversity and biosafety.
Source: ECOWAS, 2007
CONSORTIUM FOR THE CONSERVATION OF COASTAL AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
IN WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN LAUNCHED
6 November 2007: A new Consortium was launched at the Conference of Parties to the Nairobi and
Abidjan Convention in Johannesburg South Africa. The “Consortium for Conservation of Coastal and
Marine Ecosystems in Western Indian Ocean”, (WIO-C) is a joint initiative by IUCN, WWF,
WIOMSA, CORDIO, WCS, UNEP-Nairobi Convention, IOC-Indian Ocean Commission, NEPAD
and IOCUNESCO, aimed at developing synergistic partnerships that will advance marine research,
conservation and management in the Western Indian Ocean region. The mission of WIO-C is to
become the principle mechanism for reaching a broad stakeholder engagement in the formulation and
implementation of the programme of work for the Nairobi Convention.
Source: UNEP, 2007
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CONNECT AFRICA SUMMIT ADOPTS FIVE GOALS TO BRIDGE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
IN AFRICA
6 November 2007: The Connect Africa Summit which took place in Kigali, Rwanda, on 29 - 30
October 2007, ended with the adoption of five goals to bridge the digital divide in Africa. The
Summit, which was held under the patronage of the President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame, gathered
over a thousand participants from 54 countries, including six Heads of State and Government. Fortythree countries in Africa were represented, including 23 at the Ministerial level. The Summit adopted
five Connect Africa Goals to increasing connectivity on the continent.
Source: ECA, 2007
UNEP TO ASSESS 300 OIL-POLLUTED SITES IN NIGERIA'S OGONILAND
5 November 2007: A comprehensive environmental assessment of oil-impacted sites in the Ogoni
region of Nigeria’s Niger Delta is to be launched by the United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP), in association with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The move
follows a request by the Federal Republic of Nigeria and forms part of the broader government-led
peace and reconciliation process in Ogoniland. Local communities and partners will be supporting
UNEP to undertake the evaluation. Achim Steiner, UN Under-Secretary General and UNEP
Executive Director, said “the assessment will seek to identify, evaluate and minimize the immediate
and long-term human, social, health and economic impacts of oil contamination in Ogoniland, as well
as those related to environmentally and economically important ecosystems.” On the basis of the
assessment findings, UNEP will also make recommendations for the appropriate remediation
activities needed to rehabilitate the land to a condition that is environmentally acceptable, according
to international standards.
Source: UNEP, 2007
AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION SIGNS NEW MOU WITH THE COMMONWEALTH
1 November 2007: Patrick Mazimhaka, Deputy Chairperson of the African Union Commission, and
Florence Mugasha, Deputy Secretary General of the Commonwealth Secretariat, signed a new
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) at the headquarters of the African Union Commission, in
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The agreement formalizes the cordial and fruitful relationship already
existing between the two organizations, and the desire to further improve and strengthen the
partnership. The Memorandum of Understanding also marks the beginning of a new phase in the
Commonwealth Secretariat’s engagement with Africa.
Source: African Union, 2007
CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURE AND ENERGY DISCUSSED AT NINTH AFRICAEU MINISTERIAL TROIKA MEETING
31 October 2007: In the framework of the Africa-EU dialogue, the 9th Ministerial Meeting of the
African and EU Troikas took place in Accra, Ghana, on 31 October, 2007. The meeting concluded
with the adoption of a Joint Communiqué, outlining several key areas of cooperation including:
Climate Change: Ministers emphasised that climate change is a serious and long-term challenge to
sustainable development as well as to poverty reduction, and recalled that Africa is one of the
continents most likely to suffer from climate change. In this regard, Ministers called for urgent
measures to be undertaken to adapt to, and mitigate the negative effects of, climate change. Ministers
underlined that in order to achieve a global response to the challenge of climate change, international
cooperation in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) is imperative. Ministers agreed that Africa and the EU will engage in a dialogue on
concrete actions to respond to climate change and an effective channel for holding deliberations on a
shared EU-Africa vision, with close links to the proposed Global Climate Change Alliance. They
noted that this should take into account African initiatives such as the African Climate Information for
Development in Africa (ClimDev Africa) Programme and the need to implement and further develop
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climate change related instruments, especially the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol (KP), as well as the UN Convention on Combating
Desertification (UNCCD). Ministers furthermore stressed the importance to mainstream climate
change into development cooperation.
Food Security, Agriculture and Environment: Ministers welcomed the planned launching of the
Partnership on Agriculture and further called for the need for the EU and Africa to promote policy
coherence for development. They underlined the need to achieve food security, food safety and food
quality in Africa. They expressed the importance of promoting risk management and early warning
systems for food security. They called for enhanced cooperation in agricultural research for
development. Ministers agreed that they have a common interest to address environmental
sustainability, aware that environmental degradation represents a threat to achieving the MDGs. They
welcomed EU-Africa cooperation in this field, and its links with agriculture and food security but also
with economic growth, health and sustainable peace. In this context, Ministers reiterated their
commitment to achieving the MDGs in all African countries by 2015.
Energy and Infrastructure: Ministers agreed to recommend to Heads of States to launch, at the
Africa-EU Summit in Lisbon, the Africa-EU Energy Partnership, to facilitate cooperation between
Africa and the EU on energy issues of strategic importance. Through the Partnership, Africa and the
EU will work together to develop a shared vision and common policies and responses to stimulate
specific action that addresses the energy challenges of the 21st century.
Source: African Union, 2007
AfDB PARTNERSHIP MEETING ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER IMPACTS
IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA
31 October 2007: The 7th Partnership meeting on Rural Development in West and Central Africa took
place from 30-31 October 2007 in Tunis. Hosted by the African Development Bank (AfDB) the
meeting focused on several topics, namely: climate change and agriculture; challenges to sustainable
transboundary agricultural water management; and knowledge management and innovation systems
for agricultural development. The meeting concluded that while Africa contributes the least to climate
change, it already suffers the greatest impact and the situation will worsen in the future:
desertification, flooding, loss of agricultural productivity, food security threats, less water availability,
increased disease incidence, rising sea levels and threats to coastal cities, and impacts on fisheries.
The meeting further concluded that responding to these challenges requires integrated responses at
multiple levels, such as: significant investments to address transboundary water management within
an integrated water resource management (IWRM) approach; greater support for national irrigation
plans and strategies needed; and strengthening producer organizations is an important element in the
process of fostering greater innovation capacity: the innovation systems approach represents a more
systemic view of agricultural development, that links farmer problem identification, market
opportunities, research inputs, and enabling policies and markets.
Source: AfDB, 2007
REGIONAL GOVERNANCE FORUM COMMITS TO STRENGTHENING GOOD
GOVERNANCE
26 October, 2007: After three days of deliberations, the 300 delegates at the Seventh Africa
Governance Forum (AGFVII) agreed on a set of recommendations to boost the efficiency and
responsiveness of African governments to deliver essential social services to their people. Their
proposals will be presented to Presidents and Prime Ministers from across the region at the next
African Union Summit. A flagship governance initiative of the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP), AGFVII was convened by the agency’s Regional Bureau for Africa. The
delegates recommended 11 steps to help strengthen the capacities of the state in Africa, ranging from
increased government efforts to consolidate the rule of law, mainly through efficiency, integrity and
independence of the judiciary, and investing in education with a view to nurturing future generations;
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to factoring women’s participation into the process of building the capable state in Africa and placing
importance on good governance as a guarantee of political stability in order to improve the quality of
people’s lives. The AGF was conceived as a UNDP joint initiative with the United Nations Economic
Commission for Africa (ECA).
Source: UNDP, 2007
AFRICAN UNION AND THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION LAUNCH PARTNERSHIP ON
INFRASTRUCTURE
25 October 2007: The African Union Commission (AUC) and the European Commission (EC) jointly
launched a partnership on infrastructure at the headquarters of the African Union in Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia. The launching ceremony under the theme: “Creating and sustaining regional infrastructure
network and services in Africa” was co-chaired by Bernard Zoba, Commissioner for Infrastructure
and Energy of the African Union and Stefano Manservisi, Director General, Directorate-General for
Development and Relations with ACP States, European Commission. The European and African
partners also adopted resolution n°1 (2007), in which they confirmed the Partnership’s vision and
approved the principles of the Steering Committee and confirmed the goals and objectives of this
Partnership EU-Africa on Infrastructure. The Infrastructures and Energy Department of the African
Union Commission was designated as the Secretariat of the Steering Committee. The launch ended
the day before by a Joint Declaration of the African Union Commission (AUC) and the European
Commission (EC). This Declaration confirmed the general principles of the partnership, which aim to
connect the African continent in the following areas: transports, water, energy and information and
communication technologies.
ECA RELEASES SURVEY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTERREY
CONSENSUS IN AFRICA
22 October 2007: The results of a recent survey by the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
suggest that, in general, very limited progress has been made in realizing the objectives of the
Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Development. The release of the survey results coincided
with the 23-24 October high-level biennial review of the United Nations General Assembly Plenary
on the implementation of the Monterrey Consensus. The ECA survey of African policymakers was
conducted in March and April 2007 to gauge their views on the degree of progress in meeting the
goals of the Monterrey Consensus. Overall, the survey found that while significant progress has been
made in the area of external debt relief, performance in other areas has been either fair or
disappointing. The results also indicate that considerable efforts are required by both African
governments and development partners to mobilize the level of resources needed for development in
the region.
For full survey results and a detailed analysis of the implementation of the Monterrey Consensus in
Africa go to:
The Monterrey Consensus and Development in Africa: Progress, Challenges and Way Forward
Perspectives of African Countries on the Monterrey Consensus Results of a Survey
Source: ECA, 2007
WORLD BANK CALLS FOR AGRICULTURAL RENEWAL, FOCUS ON PRODUCTIVITY
GROWTH IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
19 October 2007: The World Bank’s latest World Development Report calls for greater investment in
agriculture in Africa and warns that the sector must be placed at the center of the region’s
development agenda if the goals of halving extreme poverty and hunger by 2015 are to be realized.
Titled ‘Agriculture for Development,’ the report says the need for action is especially urgent in subSaharan Africa, where agricultural productivity growth has lagged behind other regions. Agriculture
in sub-Saharan Africa employs 65 percent of the labor force and generates 32 percent of GDP growth.
According to the report, the share of official development assistance going to agriculture in
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developing countries is a mere 4 percent. This is also the same insufficient share that governments in
Sub-Saharan Africa spend from their budgets on agriculture—far short of the 11-14 percent share of
national budgets invested in agriculture that fueled the Asian green revolutions. The report calls for
an ‘agriculture for development’ agenda for Africa that will improve the investment climate as well as
make optimal use of markets, technology, sustainable water and soil management, and institutional
services. In addition, countries must deliver on issues such as a level playing field for trade, while
farmer organizations and other local groups need more say in setting policies.
Source: World Bank, 2007
GENERAL ASSEMBLY DEBATES DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA
18 October 2007: The UN General Assembly concluded its two-day debate on development in Africa
speakers urged the international community to dismantle trade-distorting subsidies, improve the
quality of development assistance and forge creative partnerships, in order to help African countries
consolidate gains. The two-day joint debate, which heard from some 40 speakers, focused on the UN
Secretary-General’s reports on Africa, namely on: progress in the implementation of NEPAD’s
programmes; the causes of conflict in Africa; the promotion of durable peace and sustainable
development in the region; and the 2001-2010 Decade to Roll Back Malaria. Speakers also called for
the swift and successful conclusion of the Doha Round of World Trade Organization negotiations,
currently at an impasse over the politically sensitive issue of agriculture, which some said was central
to achieving food security on the continent. Professor Firmino Mucavele, the CEO of NEPAD, also
briefed members of UN Permanent Mission in New York on the implementation of NEPAD.
UN General Assembly: Development of Africa
Report of the NEPAD Briefing
UN Press Statement
UN Press Statement
Source: UN, 2007
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