GEOLOGY & MINERAL RESOURCES OF
SIKAR DISTRICT.
The district derives its name from the town of Sikar which is also headquarter of the district
administration. The district lies in the north eastern region of Rajasthan at an average altitude of
431 mt. It stretches between 27° 07' to 28° 12' latitudes and 74° 41' to 76° 05' longitudes. It is
bounded in north by Churu and Jhunjunu district of Rajasthan and Mahendragarh district of
Haryana, on the west by Churu and Nagaur districts, on the south by Jaipur and Nagaur districts
and on the east by Jaipur district.
The district has an area of 7732 sq kms. and a population of 18,36,572 (1991 census). The district
is part of Jaipur division and is divided in three sub divisions, Sikar, Fatehpur and Neem-kaThana . It comprises six tehsils namely Fatehpur, Lachhmangarh, Sikar,Neem-ka- Thana, Sri
Madhopur and Danta Ramgarh . The district headquarter is 116 kms. from Jaipur and is well
connected by road and metergauge railway link to Jaipur, Delhi, Bikaner etc.
The general shape of the district is of an irregular crescent or a bowl. The district can be broadly
divided in to three natural divisions namely (i) the desert area in the north western portion (ii) The
semi desert area with hillocks on the central portion and (iii)the undulating and hilly area in north
and north eastern portion. The major part of the district is a sandy tract but it is more so towards
the north of Sikar which forms a part of the great Indian desert. The hills in the district forms part
of the Aravalli ranges. These run from south to north dividing the district in two equal parts. Area
south of Khandela in Sri Madhopur tehsil in central portion of district is. an undulating plain,
There are no perrenial rivers in the district.
GEOLOGY
The major part of the land which is now district Sikar seems to have witnessed a storm in ocean
which washed this area and left its marks in the shape of sand layers visible every where. This
area is semi desert which formed the bed of an ocean. The sourthen and south eastern part of the
district is occupied by loamy soil and hills of the Aravalli range.
The geological succession of Sikar district is as follows:
The rock types exposed in the area belong exclusively to Delhi Supergroup of meta sediments
which are separated from the older Aravallies by a conspicuous unconformity. The prominent
exposures are seen on Neem-ka- Thana hills situated in the eastern and north eastern parts of the
district. The Delhi Supergroup rocks are divided into Alwar and Ajabgarh Group. The
metasediments of Alwar Group are characterised by dominance of arenaceous rocks consisting of
quartzits of various types. These rock types are seen in the eastern part of the district along the
continuation of Khetri belt in the south central part. Besides many isolated out crops occur in
Saladipura, Sevli, Khandela and Kotri. The regional strike of these rocks is north south.
In Saladipura area a major anticline exposes the amphibole quartzite, marbles and schists. Its core
is occupied by basic intrusives later metamorphosed to epidiorites and amphibolites. Exposures
seen near Byore, Roopgarh and surrounding areas in the south central part of the district consists
of quartzites of different types with subordinate amount of mica schists. The general trend of
rocks is NE-SW to NNE-SSW with variable dips towards west.
The rocks of Ajabgarh formation are characterised by large portion of calcareous rocks. The main
rock types are marble, calc-gneisses, calc silicates, phyllites and mica schists. The general trend
of the rocks is north east-south west (NE-SW) dipping low towards west. The Ajabgarh formation
represented by quartzites, gneisses and amphibole marble are best exposed south of Kotri
Rampura and around Atheaga.
Igneous intrusives of both basic and acidic rock types are exposed throughout the district. The
basic intrusive including epidiorites and amphibolites in form of veins sheets. The acid intrusives
include granite and pegmatite occuring as sills and dykes.
The important mineral deposits of the district are described below:-
MINERALS OF SIKAR DISTRICT
Sikar district is endowed with some important mineral deposits of the state. It has vast resources
of pyrite near Saladipura and lime stone in Neem- ka Thana areas. Other minerals avaialbe in
the district are copper, iron,apatite, calcite, beryllium, fluorspar, feldspar and barytes.
The details of mineral deposits are given below.
Copper .
Copper mineralisation occurs as parallel zones from Mothoka in the north to Ahirwala in the
south (over a length of 35 kms.) with in the rocks of Delhi Super group.
The investigation carried out in this belt has revealed a number of isolated and detached
prospects. In Baleswar, a reserve of 1.5 million tonnes containing 1.1 % has been established.
Copper - molybedenum mineralisation has been reported from Tejwala-Ahirwala, Chiplata
prospects. In Tejwala block 0.5 million tonnes reserves with 0.5% Cu have been estimated. Stains
of malachite-azurite and disseminations of primary sulphides have also been observed near
Harsnath Ghateswar, Dariba & Patan.
Pyrite
Investigations carried out by G.S.I. near Saladipura established the presence of Sulphide
mineralisation consisting chiefly of pyrite & pyrrhotite with minor amount of sphalerite
over a strike length of 7 km. in two zones. The deposit is located about 1.5 km. north west of
Saladipura village which is 120 km. from Jaipur via Sri Madhopur. The exploratory drilling has
revealed that gossan body extends to a depth of 36 to 47 mts from the surface beyond which there
is rich sulphide mineralisation consisting of pyrite and pyrrhotite with minor amounts of
sphalerite. The mineralisation has taken place along sheared biotite-quartzite, biotite-amphibole,
quartzite and phyllites belonging to the Ajabgarh Group of the Delhi Super group. The width of
the ore body varies from 6.47 to 52.41 metres and its depth persistance is beyond 300 metres.
Based on the detailed drilling the total ore reserves estimated in three blocks are given below:
Block Ore reserves (in m tonnes)
Av.grade %s
Sulphate content
(in m. tonnes.)
25.82
27.65
7.12
B
25.64
18.24
4.67
C
22.42
19.10
4.27
A
73.88
16.06
The area is leased out to M/ s. Pyrite, Phosphate & . Chemicals Ltd., a Govt. of India
undertaking.
Beryllium (Beryl)
The occurrences of beryl are reported from Torda, Buchara, Churla and Sanwalpura areas in
Bairath tehsil. The areas are about 35 kms. east of Neem-KaThana railway station. Here the
granite pegmatites are exposed in wide area in which beryl occurs as one of the constituents.
Feldspar
Green variety of feldspar has been obtained from Kachrada mica mines in Torawati area
and the soda feldspars have been obtained from the granite pegmatites of Buchara area as
a by product of beryl mining.
Mica
The mica mines of this district are located in the schistose formation of Delhi
Supergroup. A few mines of the district are at Kachrada, Makri and Maonda situated in
Neem-ka- Thana tehsil. The Kachorada mines have produced green variety of mica while
the others are of heavily stained ruby quality. The mines are now closed.
Soap Stone
Impure talc occur near Dariba about 20 kms. from Neem-ka- Thana railway station. No detailed
work on the same has yet been done.
Fluorspar
Fluorspar mineralisation is found to occur around Salwari (Chokri) village in 10 kms. area. It is
located at a distance of about 6 kms. from the main bus route from Khandela to Udaipurwati. The
mineral occurs in a very fine grained pink granite which is intrusive into biotite-schist ofAjabgarh
Group and is aplitic in nature.
On the basis of detailed prospecting and exploratory drilling carried out by D.M.G. 3,50,900
tonnes of proved reserves containing 11 to 21% CaF2 3,44,000 tonnes of probable reserves (10to
15% CaF2) have been calculated.
Iron Ore
Dabla area :- Several scattered iron ore deposits around Dabla railway station have been
reported. The area comprises medium grained pink, grey coloured granite rocks, partially
weathered at surface. Iron oxide is an accessory mineral in these granites. Small segregated rolled
masses of iron oxide in the form of haematite are seen. The iron content varies from 50 to 60%.
Thoi area :- Occurrences of iron ore are observed east & north of Thoi village. The micaceous
haematite was being mined till some time back.
Neem-ka- Thana area:- This includes two deposits (i) Bagoli Sarai- Papra- Pachlangi area,
which is about 10 km. west of Neem -ka- Thana railway station. The other one is (ii) RaipurNanawas- Toda Chiplata area which is about 16 to 22 km. east of Neem-ka-Thana railway
station.. In the first deposit ore occurs as haematite quartzite bands at the contact of schists &
quartiztes. In the second locality the ore body occurs as bands in the schists. The iron content
varies from 59 to 67%.
The ore occurs as micaceous haematite, magnetite and massive haematite bands app. 7 mts. in
thicknesess striking over a length of 1.5 kms. In the same continuation small bands of iron
ore occur near TodaChiplata. The ore is of inferior grade and contains high phosphorous.
The average Fe content is 47% and about 0.6 million tonnes reserves have been assessed
in this area. There are 3 leases of iron ore in district.
Phosphate
\
Phosphate occurs in form of apatite. The apatite deposit is located near Kerpura Salwari
village in rocks of Delhi Super group and Post Delhi intrusives. Apatite occurs as irregular
veins, stringers and disseminations in quartz veins, amphibolites and granite. pegmatites
intruded in gametiferous biotite schist. A reserve of 21,520 tonnes of ore containing 15.14%
P2O5has been proved with another 16,000 tonnes of 15 % P2O5grade in probable category.
Calcite
Maonda:- The mineral occurs in steeply dipping veins near Maonda village about 7 km. from
railway station. The veins are about 0.75 mt. to 1 mt. in thickness and are seen criss-crossing
lime stone and microgranites. It is quarried in small pits. Two important quarries viz. the
Bhilkajiwali and Bada khet in this locality have given good production.
Raipur : It is about to km. from the Dabla railway station on the Rewari-Phulera chord line.
Calcite occurs in the form of pockets and veins in metamorphosed impure lime stone.
Department of Mines and Geology has carried out detailed prospecting work in this area and
39,300 tonnes calcite reserves have been proved.
Barytes
Barytes deposits are located about 2 km. NE and SSW of the villages Kharakbingpur and Naroda
respectively. The area lies 20 kms. NE of Neem-Ka-Thana on Neem-Ka- Thana to Patan road.
Barytes is found as fissure filling in weak zones trending in N-S direction along bedding planes
and is associted with calc-schists of Ajabgarh Group of Delhi Supergroup. There are two veins of
barytes with 1 to 2.5 mts. partings and are traceable for a strike length of about 80 mts. The
barytes samples on analysis shows that the percentage of BaS04 varies from 67.80 to 87.80%
Lime Stone
Patan: The Patan lime stone is located 16 kms. SE of Dabla railway station on Phulera -Rewari
section. The lime stone of Ajabgarh Group of Delhi Supergroup occurs as a series of large &
small low lying hillocks extending from Daulatpura to Balupra through Rampura and Jhamas. It
is off white to grey in colour and crystalline in nature. On the basis of 255 mts. core drilling
spread over 9 boreholes reserve of 6.98 million tonnes containing 46% to 54% CaO and 2 to
3.5% MgO have been estimated by the Department.
Maonda: The Maonda lime stone deposits are found to occur in and around Sikarwari, Kala
Khokhra, Lamba Marhi, Dhamani hill, Kali-Pahari villages.
The nearest railway station Maonda is about 11 kms. from the deposit and is located on PhuleraRewari metergauge section. The limestone is dark grey to white in colour, crystalline, fine to
coarse grained and compact. On the basis of the 20 boreholes totalling 614.0 mts. core drilling a
reserve of 23 million tonnes upto 30 mts. depth containing 46% CaO, 1.75 to 2.24% MgO has
been assessed by the Department,.
Small bands of dolomitic limestone have been reported near Rasampura, Choja-ki-Nangal,
Bhopja, Kalyanpura, Kinharu villages of Neem-Ka-Thana tehsil. It is pink and grey in colour,
fine to medium grained and can be used as ornamental and flooring stone. The lime stone of
Raghoji ki-Dhani and Kud ki-Dhani is being used for limestone burning. Length of the limestone
band varies from 200 to 1000 mts. & width 50 to 200 mts.
Marble
Marble (dolomitic limestone) bands occur at places near Kotri, Kerpura, Karoi,
Kotriluharwas etc. villages in SriMadhopur tehsil and Rajampura Kalyanpura etc. areas
in Neem ka Thana tehsil. These are white, Pink to grey in colour, fine to medium grained.
Department has carried out investingations in SriMadhopur tehsiI and delineated thirty
plots in govt. land. These plots were notified for leasing in1995. At present there are 55
leases of marble in the district. .
Granite
A number of outcrops have been reported.Important places are Dabla, Jeetala, Kharbipura
Ajitgarh, Sirohi, Saladipura and Chapoli. The granite occur as high hillocks and in the form of
isolated boundary outcrops. The colour is mostly light earthy to pinkish with red garnet spots.
It is mostly medium to coarse grained forming an overall granular texture. Some .famous
varieties are Ajitgarh Grey & Ajitgarh White. Department has demarcated the blo,ckable
granite areas & notified them as under.
Location
No.of Plots
Ladi-ka-Bas
402
Kala Khera
225
Jugalpura
51
Dabla
186
Biharipura
201
Jetpura
111
The details are available with Directorate of Mines & Geology ,Udaipur, Suptd. Geologist
Granite Jaipur and ME Neem-ka- Thana.
MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES AND FUTURE SCOPE
Mineral based industries established in Sikar district are listed below:
Cement plants:- The district has vast resources of cement grade lime stone and more than sixteen
mini cement plants are located at Jilo-Maonda, Khandela Daulatpura, Sikar, Sri Madhopur,
Laxmangarh etc. having a capacity of 6,000 to 60,000 TPA.
Others:- There are two units manufacuring cement products like flower pots, cement screens etc.
Several mineral grinding units are established near Neem -ka- Thana and Maonda . One washery
of clay also exists in the district. A number of lime burning kilns are working. During last 3-4
years 43 granite & marble cutting and polishing units have been set-up .
There is further scope of setting up of such industries. Stone crushing industries are
also being set-up.
MINERAL ADMINISTRATION
The state department of Mines & Geology has an office of Mining Engineer at Neem- Ka
-Thana which looks ofter the mineral administration work in Sikar and Jhunjunu districts.
The geological prospecting work is looked after by Superintending Geologist and Senior
Geolgist, Jaipur. During the year 1997-98. Work in three areas has been proposed in Sikar
district.
1. Search for noble metals & base metals around Bamuara, Salwari villages, tehsil Sri Madhopur,
distt. Sikar.
2. Evaluation of marble deposits in Sikar,Jhunjunu & Jaipur districts.
3. Regional geological studies to select out suitable areas for marble delineation in Neem-KaThana tehsil, dis trict Sikar & Khetri tehsil district Jhunjunu.
SATISTICAL INFORMATION OF SIKER DISTRICT FOR 1995-06
.
Mineral
No. of
Leases
Revenue
Production
Sale Value
(Thousand
(thousand tones) (thousand Rs.
Rs.)
I Major Minerals
1. Lime Stone
4
221.99
155.39
3417.21
2. Iron Ore
3
3.75
225.00
24.22
3. Barytes
1
-
-
4.27
4. Dolomite
4
3.19
319.00
124.42
5. Calcite
7
1.35
202.00
132.82
6. Quartz
22
5.29
634.00
406.65
7. Feldspar
4
3.06
382.00
84.84'
8. Pyrite
1
-
-
30.00
9. Other
-
-
-
79.74
10. Brick Earth
11
104.84
11. Masonary stone
32
20.68
II Minor Minerals
4259.40
841.20
80.90
2771.25
12. Limestone (Burning)
3
138.00
12420.00
3705.98
13. Kankar Bajri (STP)
-
3.46
13.84
4843.669
14. Granite 15. Marble (Block/
Khanda)
16. Quartzite & Others
4
-
-
92.61
55
15.34/3.83 2454/306
3379.44
2
-
-
1115.04
Unpublished Geological Reports of Sikar District (A)
Department of Mines & Geology, Udaipur.
Author
Srivastava, S.B.L. 1957-58
Srivastava, S.B.L., 1957-58
Srivastava, S.B.L., 1958-59
Srivastava, S.B.L., 1957-57
Kulshrestha, N.P., 1957-58
Joshi, KC., 1951-52
Srivastava, S.B.L., 1960-61
Srivastava, S.B.L., 1963-64
Srivastava, S.B.L. and
Surana, R.L.,1953-54
Dwivedi, C.S.
Patel, M.S., 1961
Title
Preliminary examination of limestone deposit of Maonda
area
Preliminary report on limestone deposit of Patan and Barwa
area.
A report on mineral survey of limestone and other minerals
in Patan area.
A note on clay and pegmatites in Buchara and Kotri area.
A note on the prospecting for lead ore in Saladipura area.
Geology and mineral resources around Chowkri area.
A report on the investigation for limestone at Maonda. A
peliminary report on fluorite prospecting in ChowkriChhapoli 'area.
A note on the investigation of fluorite deposit in
Chowkri-Chhapoli area.
Investigation report for iron ore at Toda- Chiplota and
Dipas area.A report on possibility of location of 40,000
tonnes per year portland cement plant in the Neem-kaThana, Maondaand Patan area.
Srivastava, S.B.L. and Surana, R.L.,
1965-66
A report on the investigation of fluorite deposite at
ChowkriChhapoli area.
Luhadia, KC., 1967-68
Srivastava, S.B.L., 1968-69
Geological report of Calcite deposit near Raipur.
A report on the investigation of apatite deposit in
Kerpura- Salwa area.
Agwani, M.D., 1968-69
Bhargava, M.K, 1990
Gupta, L.P., 1992-93
A report on the reconnaissance for phosphate near village
Deogarh. Note on work carried out for Bismuth near village
Narda. Geological apprasal for economic minerals like
crystal quartz, iron ore, garnet etc., near village Raipur and
Devipura,tehsil Shahpura, district Jaipur and part of tehsil
Neem-ka-Thana, district Sikar.
Dodiya, S.N., 1993-94
Preliminary mineral prospecting for economic minerals near
village Rampura, Karoi and Kairpura.
Srivastava, SoB.L., 1960-61
Govind Singh, 1961-62
Srivastava, S.B.L., 1957-58
A report on the limestone investigation at Patan.
Investigation for limestone at Patan.
Preliminary report on the calcite and limestone
investigation at Raipur.
Keshwani, KB.& Bhargava, M.K,
1956 M.E.C., 1979-80
Investigation for limestone in Patan area.
Geological mapping for limestone deposit near village
Jillo and Maonda, tehsil Neem-ka- Thana
(lease hold area of Best Chemical limestone Ind. Pvt.Ltd.)
Keshwani, KB. & Swami, S.K, 1985
Keshwani, KB. & Swami, S.K,1986-87
Bhargava, S.c., Swami, S.K and
Keshwani, KB., 1987-88
Reconnaissance for economic minerals in Bai, DantaRamgarh,Samer, Harsh and Rawasa area.
Reconnaissance for marble, limestone rock phosphate near
oda-ki-Dhani village, tehsils Kotputli and Neem-ka-Thana.
A report on investigation for decorative stone
such as granite and other rocks around Ajitgarh,
Pithalpura and Hathora, tehsil Srimadhopur.
(B) Geological Survey of India & Others.
Saunwal, R.S., 1983-85
Report on base metals investigation in Narai area.
Kumar, V., 1985-86
Integrated remote sensings of mineralised zones
in parts of Khetri area.
Negi, RS., 1976-77
Basu, J.K, 1975-76
Areport on the basemetal investigation in Narai area.
Quaternary gelogy and geomorphology of Ajitgarh- Shapura
area, Sikar and Jaipur districts, with special reference to
sand mobility.
Geological and geomorphological evaluation and
enviormental appraisal in Ratangarh area, Churu and Sikar
district..
Report on the systematic quaternary geological mapping in
the area around Lachhmangarh Gudha, Gaurji, Sikar and
Khandela, Sikar and Jhunijhunu districts.
Basu, J.K, 1981-82
Ghosh, S.P. and Dassarma, D.C.,1983-84
Grover, A.K ,1986-87
Integrated remote sensing studies of Northern part of Khetri
copper belt and adjoining areas, Jhunjhunu and Sikar
districts
Rai, RP. & et.al., 1982-83
Report on the geophysical investigation for the base metal in
Narai area.
Structural, stratigraphy and sulphide mineralisation of south
Khetri copper belt, Jhunjhunu and Sikar districts.
Geomorphological studies of factors controlling oxidation of
sulphide mineralisation in the sourthern extention of the
Khetri Copper belt Sikar & Jhunjhunu districts.
Gathania, R.c. & etal 1983-87
Dassarma, D.C.,1984-86
Gupta, D. J. Das, 1986-88
Mishra, S.P. and Agrawal, V:K, 1966-67
Mishra, S.P., 1968-69
Basu, J.K,1976-77
Rasik Ravindra& Reddy, U.SN.,1975-76
Das, A.R and Jain, RK, 1975-76
P.P.c. Ltd.
Joshi, H.C., 1964-65
Jain, S.S., 1986-88
Report on investigation for phosphorite in Ajabgarh group
of rocks in North-Eastern Rajasthan.
A note on search for base metals in parts of Sikar &,Nagaur
districts
A report on investigation of Dariba Gossan zone.
Report on geomorphology and quaternary geology of
BairathPawata-Kotputti area; Sikar, Jaipur and Alwar
districts with special stud: on sand movement.
Geology of Khorandi, Mendha- Surera and marot area of
Sikar and Nagaur districts.
Report on the systematic Geological mapping in Pawata,
Ajitgarh and Shahpura area, Sikar & Jaipur districts.
Project report for exploratory cum production mining,
Saladipurc Report on the Geophysical investigation for
sulphide ores in the Saladipura and Seoli areas.
Report on investigation for search of Sn-W mineralisation in
Malani Igneous suite and post Delhi granitoids of NorthEastern Rajasthan.
Muktinath & etal, 1970
Ore reserves estimates in block Band C, Saladipura area.
Ray, S.K., 1969-70
Tectonic history and controls of sulphide miner- alisation
at Saladipura Seoli mineralised zone, Khetri copper belt.
Priliminary feasibility study for the Saladipura
project. (Vol. (Vol. 1 and 2)
Report on Geophysical investigations for uraniummolybdenum and associated Basemetals in the Ghateswar
area near Khandela.
Geological studies of the rare earth-bearing pegmatites and
the associated feldspar and clay occurrenes in the Buchara
area, Sikar & Jaipur districts.
Report on the geophysical investigations for basemetals in
Ahirwala and Tejwala areas.
R.T.Z., London
Sarkar, B. & etal, 1973-74
Bose, U. ,1976-77
Sarkar, B. and Chakraborty, S., 1975-76
Chattopadhyay, S., 1976-77
Mathur, A.L., 1973-74
A.C.C.
Gupta, S.N., 1963-64
Pahuja, R.P.S. & Ramalingham, G. 1976-77
Report on the studies of the post Delhi granitic intrusives in
the Khetri copper belt with special reference to sulphide
mineralisation
Report on reappraisal of Coper Mineralisation in mothoka
area. Report on the proving operations carried out in Neemka- Thana limestone deposits.
Preliminary investigation of the iron ore deposits near
Bagoli-Sarai, Gaonli, Naidhani, Piao-ki- Khan, NardaNanowas and Papra villages.
Report on the systematic geological mapping of area betwen
Fatehpur, Salasar and Mitri; Churu, Nagaur & Sikar
districts.
Gangopadhyay, S., 1974-75
.
Report on the investigation for Molybdenum- Uranium and
associated minerals in the Ghateswar and Khandela areas