SPERC factsheet
General Information
Title of Specific ERC
Applicable ERC
Responsible
Version
Code
Scope
Coverage
Operational Conditions
Manufacture of water borne liquid coatings and inks
2 (Formulation of preparations)
CEPE
V1
CEPE SPERC 2.2a.v1
- formulation - water borne coatings and inks - large scale (>1,000 tpa solvent use) – volatiles
CEPE SPERC 2.2b.v1
- formulation - water borne coatings and inks - small scale (<1,000 tpa solvent use) - volatiles
CEPE SPERC 2.2c.v1
- formulation - water borne coatings and inks - solids
Covers the whole process of formulation of water borne liquid coatings and inks.
[For detailed information on coatings and inks manufacturing processes see “Information Note” on
www.cepe.org/EPUB/easnet.dll/ExecReq/Page?eas:template_im=100087&eas:dat_im=101AED]
SU: 3 (SU 10)
PROCs: 1Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure; 2 Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure; 3
Use in closed batch process (synthesis and formulation); 5 Mixing or blending in batch processes for formulation of preparations and
articles (multistage and/or significant contact); 8a Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large
containers at non-dedicated facilities; 8b Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at
dedicated facilities; 9 Transfer of substance or preparation into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighting)
Characteristics of specific ERC
Type of Input Information
Processing of Input
Information
Process optimized for highly efficient utilisation of raw
materials
Liquid coatings and inks are comprised of many
substances, which are grouped into functional
categories, as follows
Industry custom and practice
None
typical maximum site tonnage, for any
one substance, based on sector
knowledge
None – data based on practical
knowledge
Substance category
Pigment/extender/filler
Maximum use of
any one substance
(MSPERC in kg/d)
25,000
Binder
25,000
Water
75,000
CEPE SpERC Fact Sheet: manufacture of water borne liquid coatings (formerly ajns0283/M2)
Ref:
AJN/ajns0320b
Date:
16 October 2010
Note: in many coatings and inks manufacturing
facilities, usage rates will be substantially
below the figures shown
Organic solvent/coalescent
10,000
Additives
1,000
Days Emitting
225 days per annum
typical maximum site operating days,
based on sector knowledge
None – data based on practical
knowledge
Environmental
Parameters for Fate
Calculation
Assume:
- dilution factor in freshwater is 10
- dilution factor in marine waters is 100
Dilution factors taken from REACH
guidance document
None
Emission Fractions
(from the process)
Characteristics of Specific ERC
a) Total volatile substances:
To air
Emissions to air of organic solvents from the manufacture of coatings and inks
are regulated by the Solvent Emissions Directive (1999/13/EC).
Emission fraction:
- maximum 0.05 (< 1,000t/a organic solvent)
- maximum 0.03 (> 1,000 t/a organic solvent)
of total solvent tonnage inputs into a manufacturing site.
Justification
i) Emission limits from The
Solvent Emissions Directive
(1999/13/EC)
[http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUri
Serv.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:085:000
1:0022:EN:PDF and
corrigendum]
iii) EMISSION SCENARIO
DOCUMENT ON COATINGS
INDUSTRY (PAINTS,
LACQUERS AND VARNISHES),
OECD, July 2009
[http://www.oecd.org/officialdocu
ments/displaydocumentpdf?cote
=ENV/JM/MONO(2009)24&docla
nguage=en]
b) Individual organic solvents:
Emissions of an individual volatile substance is dependent on:
- the volatility of the substance
- the extraction air speed
- other technical measures to control releases to the air
Emission fraction (maximum):
CEPE SpERC Fact Sheet: manufacture of water borne liquid coatings (formerly ajns0283/M2)
Ref:
AJN/ajns0320b
Date:
16 October 2010
i) CEPE expert decision based
on EMISSION SCENARIO
DOCUMENT ON COATINGS
INDUSTRY (PAINTS,
LACQUERS AND VARNISHES),
OECD, July 2009
[http://www.oecd.org/officialdocu
- solvent vapour pressure above 1,000 Pa (boiling point below 120°C): 0.022
- solvent vapour pressure below 1,000 Pa (boiling point above 120°C): 0.004
of the individual substance tonnage used per site.
ments/displaydocumentpdf?cote
=ENV/JM/MONO(2009)24&docla
nguage=en]
c) Solid substances:
i) EMISSION SCENARIO
DOCUMENT ON COATINGS
INDUSTRY (PAINTS,
LACQUERS AND VARNISHES),
OECD, July 2009
[http://www.oecd.org/officialdocu
ments/displaydocumentpdf?cote
=ENV/JM/MONO(2009)24&docla
nguage=en]
No direct dust emissions to the air are expected.
Initial loss from handling of solid substances is captured by air extraction
devices.
To
Wastewater/
Sewer/
Water
courses
Emission fraction
maximum 0.000097
of the substance tonnage used per site.
a) Liquid substances:
- no direct emissions of liquid substances to wastewater:
Emission fraction: 0.00
b) Solid substances:
- no direct emissions of solid substances to wastewater.
Emission fraction: 0.00
i) Adopted from the EMISSION
SCENARIO DOCUMENT ON
COATINGS INDUSTRY
(PAINTS, LACQUERS AND
VARNISHES), OECD, July 2009
[http://www.oecd.org/officialdocu
ments/displaydocumentpdf?cote
=ENV/JM/MONO(2009)24&docla
nguage=en]
- indirect emissions via dust deposition and subsequent wet cleaning of
surfaces
Emission fraction: maximum 0.00005
of the substance tonnage used per site.
- emissions via equipment cleaning and subsequent discharge to wastewater.
To Soil
Type of RMM
Emission fraction: 0.00005
of the substance tonnage used per site.
No emissions
Typical Efficiency
CEPE SpERC Fact Sheet: manufacture of water borne liquid coatings (formerly ajns0283/M2)
Ref:
AJN/ajns0320b
Date:
16 October 2010
Not applicable
Appropriate Risk
Management
Measures (RMM) that
may be used to
achieve required
emission reduction
Air
On-site Technology
VOCs
RMMs primarily are aimed at controlling emissions of VOCs at source, rather than at “end of pipe”
to meet the relevant total emission limit value set out in section 17, Annex IIA,1999/13/EC (SED).
A wide range of RMMs are used to minimise emissions to atmosphere:
- use of closed storage facilities (e.g. bulk storage tanks, IBCs, drums) for VOC-containing raw
materials
- use of closed transfers of liquids from storage to production equipment (e.g. metered piped or
pumped additions)
- use of closed production equipment, with no extraction, except when opening vessels for
additions/sampling etc
- use of semi-closed production vessels with extraction to atmosphere to maintain workplace
airborne VOC concentrations below respective OELs
- use of impermeable covers on work in progress
- use of closed filling equipment
- use of closed equipment cleaning and use of non-organic solvent based cleaning fluids.
- storage of finished products in closed containers (bulk tanks, IBCs, drums, cans etc)
- recycling and reuse of overmake product in subsequent batches
- storage of all VOC-containing wastes in closed, secure containers (bulk tanks, IBCs, drums)
Efficiency of VOC RMMs
As the SED VOC emission controls are focused on controlling global emissions from the
manufacturing plant, the performance of individual RMMs is not relevant – the overall efficiency of
the total manufacturing process (process steps + RMMs) is a minimum either 95% or 98%.
Particulates
RMMs are primarily aimed at controlling emissions of particulates at the most significant emission
points to atmosphere from sources within the manufacturing process where airborne particulates
can be created.
Typically:
- particulate raw materials are delivered in bulk tankers and discharged to closed silos
- particulate raw materials are delivered in closed packaging (IBCs, drums, boxes, sacks)
- closed transfers of particulates from storage to production equipment (e.g. metered piped or
CEPE SpERC Fact Sheet: manufacture of water borne liquid coatings (formerly ajns0283/M2)
Ref:
AJN/ajns0320b
Date:
16 October 2010
pumped additions) is used
- no extraction is used on closed production equipment, when adding and incorporating particulate
raw materials
- use of semi-closed production vessels with extraction to atmosphere are used to maintain
workplace airborne particulate concentrations below respective OELs
- cyclone and bag filters, connected to (often multiple) emission sources, are used to control
emissions from manufacturing plant
- particulate wastes are stored in closed containers.
Efficiency of particulate RMMs
Bag and cyclone filters are typically rated at 99% efficient.
Off-site Technology
None
Other
None
Water
On-site Technology
STP where required by local regulations to meet local discharge limits
Off-site Technology
Municipal STP
Soil
None required
Narrative Description of, and justification for, specific ERC
Description: The manufacture of liquid coatings and inks is a multi-stage batch process. The process is arranged to maximise the efficiency of use of input raw materials,
through the highest conversion into formulated products. Process losses are reduced to the absolute minimum, through use of general and manufacturing plant extraction to
maintain workplace concentrations of airborne VOCs and particulates below respective OELs; and through use of closed or covered manufacturing equipment, wherever
possible, to minimise evaporative losses of VOCs. The composition of products and the overall process are such that there are no discharges of raw materials or products to
waste-water or to soil from the manufacturing plant.
Justification: The overall high efficiency of the coatings and inks manufacturing process is reflected in the low emission factors identified in independent assessments, such as
that carried out by the UK’s Environment Protection Agency, as part of the development of an Emission Scenarios Document for the OECD.
Safe Use
Communication in eSDS
The REACH registrant establishes a set of standard conditions of safe use for a substance in the formulation of a coating or ink by adopting the conditions specified in this
CEPE SpERC Fact Sheet: manufacture of water borne liquid coatings (formerly ajns0283/M2)
Ref:
AJN/ajns0320b
Date:
16 October 2010
SPERC and recommending a Required Removal Efficiency (RRE) for adequate risk reduction. This may include the removal efficiency of municipal sewage treatment plant
(RESTP,SPERC), and the efficiency of an on-site emission reduction (REER,SPERC). This information is documented in the Chemical Safety Report and communicated in the
extended Safety Data Sheet.
All other parameters underlying a substance exposure scenario based on this SPERC are implicitly referred to via the reference to this SPERC.
Scaling (emissions to waste water only)
The formulators of organic solvent and water borne coatings and inks are responsible for evaluating the compliance of their specific situations with the registrant’s information.
To that end, the users need to know their site-specific substance use rate (MSite) and days emitting (TEmission,Site), onsite and offsite emission controls and subsequent total
substance emission reduction efficiency (RETotal,Site = 1 – [(1 – REOnsite,Site) x (1 – REOffsite,Site)]), sewage treatment plant effluent flow rate (GEffluent, Site) and receiving water
dilution factor (qSite). Adequate control of risk exists if the following relevant expression holds true:
for risk driven by wastewater treatment plant microbes
[MSPERC x (1 – RETotal,SPERC )] / GEffluent,SPERC [MSite x (1 – RETotal;, Site)] / GEffluent,Site
for risk driven by freshwater/freshwater sediments, marine water/marine water sediments
[MSPERC x (1 – RETotal,SPERC )] / (GEffluent,SPERC x qSPERC ) [MSite x (1 – RETotal, Site)] / (GEffluent,Site x qSite)
for risk driven by secondary poisoning (freshwater fish/marine top predator) or indirect exposure to humans (oral)
[MSPERC x TEmission,SPERC x (1 – RETotal,SPERC )] / (GEffluent,SPERC x qSperc ) [MSite x TEmission,Site x (1 – RETotal, Site)] / (GEffluent,SPERC x qSite)
It is simpler and thus may be preferable to some users to compare MSite with MSafe (the maximum tonnage that can be safely used, within the prescribed operating conditions,
OC SPERC and RMM, RETotal,SPERC ). Adequate control of risk exists if the following conditions are met [RETotal ,Site RETotal,SPERC, GEffluent,Site, GEffluent,SPERC and qSite
qSperc] and MSafe MSite.
Local amount used, emission days per year, receiving water flow rate (or dilution factor), sewage treatment plant effluent flow rate, and risk management measure removal
efficiency are the adjustable parameters for emission assessment. These parameters can be refined using site-specific information, which often is obtainable with limited effort
and expertise. Adjusting the assessment by refining these parameters is referred to as scaling. Scaling is applied to evaluate compliance of a specific use with a generic
Exposure Scenario. For that reason, site parameter values which deviate from the default values need to reflect the actual situation. This may have to be justified on demand.
The release factors are an additional set of adjustable parameters; however, refining the default values requires significant justification and, thus, is beyond the boundary
conditions defined in the SPERC Factsheet. For that reason, release factor refinements do not constitute a SPERC-based assessment and must be considered an element of
downstream user chemical safety assessment.
CEPE SpERC Fact Sheet: manufacture of water borne liquid coatings (formerly ajns0283/M2)
Ref:
AJN/ajns0320b
Date:
16 October 2010