Humans at Work Questions 843 001
P
8.4.3.
Section 3
2-3
Marks
1
Which choice correctly matches the structure of the eye to its function?
Structure
Function
A
Cornea
Absorbs UV light and therefore protects the retina
B
Lens
Focuses light onto the retina
C
Retina
Carries electrical impulses to the brain from the eye
D
Tear ducts
Are to help people show emotion
Answer
843 002
B
P
8.4.3.
3-4
Marks
1
The correct treatment if acid was splashed into the eye is ‘irrigation’ with water.
Why is this treatment used?
A. Water provides relief until medical help arrives.
B. The water reduces the concentration of the acid and washes the acid away.
C. Water is readily available for treatment rather than some other, better liquids.
D. Water prevents the eye ball from twitching and from spasms which then causes
more damage
Possible Answer
843003
P
B
8.4.3.e
2-4
Marks
2
Identify two scientific advances that have contributed to the development of eyewear that
protects the eye (eg sunglasses).
[2 marks]
Marking Criteria
 Two important scientific advances identified
 One important scientific advances identified
Marks
2
1
Sample Answer
Discovery that UV radiation caused damage to the eyes
Discovery that Polaroid materials can filter out UV radiation
843 004
P
8.4.3.c
2-6
Marks
3
Assess the need for eye exercises by a secretary who is constantly typing.
[3 marks]
Marking Criteria
 Identify that normally eye exercises are not necessary
 Outline some healthy work practices for doing close work
 Make a judgement about need for eye exercises

Marks
3
1-2
Sample Answer
In the work situation eye exercises are only necessary if the person has a predisposition to an eye
disorder. Constantly typing, using a VDU, is close work and this can produce tired and sore eyes.
To reduce the strain on the eyes some healthy work practices can be useful.
 Look away into the distance every ten minutes or so. This will rest the eyes.
 Alternatively, cover the eyes with the hands without pressing and breathe deeply eight or nine
times.
 Make sure screen brightness is down to a comfortable level and use suitable text and
background colours. Reflection and glare should also be kept to a minimum
If these practices are adopted, then no specific eye exercises need to be employed
843 005
P
8.4.3.e
2-5
Explain why light emitted by an arc welder may be cause for concern.
Marks
3
[3 marks]
Marking Criteria
 Link the UV radiation emitted by the welder to eye damage.
 Outline one example of damage caused by UV radiation
 Identify that eye damaged by looking at welder (but not linked to UV
radiation emitted) and / or
 Outline one example of damage caused by UV radiation
Marks
3
1-2
Sample Answer
An arc welder is a source of intense UV radiation. The UV radiation can damage the eyes. For
example, UV radiation striking the eye can be absorbed by the cornea and can burn the surface of
the eye much like sunburn on the skin. The condition is extremely painful and causes the eye to
be highly sensitive to any light source.
843 006
P9
8.4.3.b
2-3
Why does the eye produce tears?
A. Tears help protect the eye
B. Tears help with vision (by the eye)
C. Tears are important in helping people express emotions
D. Tears reduce the need for first aid in the case of eye injury
Answer
A
Marks
1
843 007
P4, P10
8.4.3.e, ii
2-3
Marks
1
Technological devices such as electric arc welders are sources of radiation that can
damage the eye. What is the name of this radiation produced by such devices?
A. UV radiation
B. High intensity white light
C. High energy laser light
D. Gamma rays that can cause cancer
Answer
843 008
A
P9, P10
8.4.3.e
2-6
Marks
4
Discuss why light emitted naturally may be a cause for concern. In your answer, outline at
least two examples of problems caused by natural light.
[4 marks]
Marking Criteria
Relates natural sources of light to eye damage
Identifies UVB and UVC radiation as the cause of damage
Outlines two examples of problems caused by natural light
Identifies UV radiation as the cause of damage
Outlines one example of problems caused by natural light
or
Identifies two examples of problems caused by natural light
Marks
3–4
1-2
Sample Answer
Issue 1
Damage to parts of the eye
Points for
 There are many sources of light (sun during a solar eclipse, welders) are potential eye hazards.
The hazard occurs because they are sources of UV radiation and infra-red (heat), both of
which can cause damage to the eyes.
 Laser light is a potential eye hazard because of the heating effect of a laser beam and the large
amount of energy delivered to a small area.
Examples
 Effect on cornea
Most UV radiation striking the eye is absorbed by the cornea and
can burn the surface of the eye much like sunburn on the skin. The condition is extremely
painful and causes the eye to be highly sensitive to any light source.
 UV radiation has been shown to be associated with the formation of cataracts on the eye lens.
A cataract is the clouding of the lens of the eye. A large cataract can cause blindness.
 Very intense radiation such from the sun during an eclipse, a laser or from arc welding can
damage the retina. Usually the solar damage is caused by a toxic photochemical reaction in
the retina.
843 009
P4, P14
8.4.3.ii
2-4
Marks
3
Process the following information in the table to outline how sunglasses have changed as
a result of new scientific understanding of causes of eye damage.
[3 marks]
Marking Criteria
Identifies the new scientific understanding
Identifies the design of sunglasses before and after the new scientific
understanding
Outlines how sunglasses have changed
Some of the above criteria
843 010
P9
8.4.3.a
2-4
Marks
3
1-2
Marks
3
Label the diagram opposite using the parts of the ear listed [3 marks]
Conjunctiva, Cornea, Retina, Convex lens, Tear ducts, Muscles moving the eyeball
Marking Criteria
All structures correctly labeled
At least four structures correctly labelled
843 011
P9
8.4.3.a
Marks
3
2
2-4
Outline the structure and function of the ossicles.
843 012
P4, P9
8.4.3.d
Marks
2
Marks
3
[2 marks]
2-4
The first aid required when a substance is splashed into the eye is to:
“irrigate the eye with water for several minutes until pain is reduced”.
Explain why this is an appropriate first aid procedure.
843 013
P9
8.4.3.a
2-4
[3 marks]
Marks
2
The auditory canal can become filled with wax. This causes hearing impairment because
sound vibrations are not easily transmitted to the middle ear.
a. Identify two structures of the ear that can cause hearing impairment.
[1 mark]
b. State how one of these structures causes hearing impairment.
[1 mark]
Marking Criteria Parts a & b
Names two structures & states the cause of impairment due to one of these
structures
Names two structures OR states the cause of impairment due to one of these
Marks
2
1
structures
Sample Answer
Part a
Any of the following – eardrum, ossiccles, cochlea (hair cells), auditory nerve
Sample Answer
Part b
Burst eardrum prevents transmission of sound vibrations to the ossicles