Classification/Taxonomy
STUDY GUIDE/REVIEW
1.Each of the kingdoms of living things exhibits multicellularity.
True
False
2. The identification and classification of organisms is the science of biosystematics.
True
False
3. Linnaeus classified living things on the basis of whether they were plants or animals.
True
False
4. The Greek Philosopher Aristotle grouped animals according to their structural similarities.
True
False
5. The first word of a scientific name identifies the kind of organism within a genus.
True
False
6. To ensure accurate communication of information, biologists assign a unique two-word
scientific name to each organism.
True
False
7. Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic organisms belong to the Kingdom Plantae.
True
False
8. Organisms in the Kingdom Animalia are multicellular and obtain their nutrition by ingesting
food.
True
False
9. Cladograms represent direct information about ancestors and descendants, showing who
came from whom.
True
False
10. In Aristotle's system, the classification of animals was based on morphology and similarities
of embryological development.
True
False
11. According to cladistic taxonomy, dinosaurs are more closely related to birds than they are to
lizards.
True
False
12. Scientists think that archaebacteria, some which live in extremely harsh environments, closely
resemble the first kinds of organisms to live on Earth.
True
False
13. Systematic taxonomists consider the habitat of and organism as their primary basis for
classification.
True
False
14. Recognition by scientists of two broad types of bacteria resulted in the establishment of two
different kingdoms of bacteria.
True
False
____15. The branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their
characteristics and evolutionary history is called
a. nomenclature
b. classification
c. hierarchy
d. taxonomy
____16. To avoid confusion, scientific names for organisms are all
a. according to country
c. taxon
b. official and international
d. in three languages
____17. A system that ranks categories from the broadest to the most specific can be thought of
as a
a. hierarchy
b. homologous structure
c. nomenclature
d. kingdom
____18. Identifying organisms by their genus and species names is called
a. binomial nomenclature
c. ancestral nomenclature
b. one-name naming
d. trinomial nomenclature
____19 In the scientific name Homo sapiens, sapiens is the name of the
a. division
b. genus
c. kingdom
d. species
____20. The largest taxon is a
a. family
b. species
c. kingdom
d. phylum
____21. The smallest taxon is a
a. kingdom
b. species
c. family
d. genus
____22. A good classification system does all of the following except
a. show relationships
c. shows evolutionary trends
b. create confusion
d. use one scientific name for an organism
____23. The two-name system of classifying organisms was developed by
a. Charles Darwin
b. Thomas Edison
c. Aristotle
d. Carolus Linnaeus
____24. The kingdom that includes prokaryotes is
a. Archaebacteria
b. Fungi
c. Protista
d. Plantae
e. Animalia
____25. In the scientific name: Acer rubrum, Acer is the name of the
a. species
b. genus
c. family
d. kingdom
e. order
____26. Which of the following taxonomic categories refers only to plants?
a. phylum
b. genus
c. class
d. division
e. kingdom
____27. The main criterion used by Linnaeus to classify organisms is their
a. phylogeny
b. taxonomy
c. morphology
d. habitat
____28. The evolutionary history of an organism is its
a. phylogeny
b. taxonomy
c. morphology
d. habitat
e. classification
____29. The species identifier denoting the species of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, is
a. leopard
b. frog
c. Rana
d. pipiens
e. leopard frog
____30. In the scientific name of an organism, the first part is the
a. species identifier
b. variety
c. subspecies
d. genus
e. family
____31. A modern systematic taxonomists would likely consider the following when classifying an
organism
a. behavior, morphology, embryology, and habitat
b. fossil record, morphology, embryological development, and macromolecules
c. fossil record, macromolecules, habitat, and embryological development
d. fossil record, morphology, embryological development, and habitat
____32. An ancestry diagram made by grouping organisms according to their shared derived
characteristics is called a
a. phylogenic tree
b. taxonomic category
c. phylum
d. cladogram
e. family tree
____33. Archaebacteria can be distinguished from eubacteria because of differences in their
a. cell walls
b. plasma membranes
c. gene architecture
d. All of the above
____34. Nearly all single-celled eukaryotes that are either heterotrophs or photosynthetic belong
to the kingdom
a. Animalia
b. Fungi
c. Plantae
d. Protista
____35. Most multicellular, nucleated autotrophs that carry on photosynthesis belong to the
kingdom
a. Animalia
b. Fungi
c. Eubacteria
d. Plantae
e. Archaebacteria
____36. Multicellular, nucleated heterotrophs that always obtain food by absorbing nutrients from
the environment belong to the kingdom
a. Animalia
b. Eubacteria
c. Fungi
d. Plantae
e. Protista
____37. An organism that breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs, is a member of the
kingdom
a. Fungi
b. Plantae
c. Animalia
d. Protista
____38. The three most successful multicellular groups are
a. plants, animals, and protists
b. plants, animals, and bacteria
c. plants, animals, and fungi
d. plants, protist and fungi
e. animals, bacteria, and protists
____39. Linnaeus put similar species into a larger group called the
a. class
b. family
c. genus
d. division
____40. The scientific name of an organism
a. varies according to the native language of scientists
b. is the same for scientists all over the world
c. may refer to more than one species
d. may have more than one genus name
____41. Scientist don't use organisms common names because
a. an organism may have more than one common name
b. common names are too ambiguous
c. an organism rarely has the same name in different languages
d. All of the above
____42. An organism can have
a. one genus and one species name
b. one genus name and two species names
c. two scientific names if it is found on different continents
d. two genus names but only one species name
____43. Today, Scientific names are written in what language?
a. English
b. Greek
c. Arabic
d. French
e. Latin
____44. Two organisms in the same class but different orders will
a. be in different kingdoms
c have the same genus name
b. be in the same phylum
d. be members of the same species
____45. As we move through the biological hierarchy from kingdom to species level, organisms
a. vary more and more
b. are less and less related to each other
c. become more similar in appearance
d. always are members of the same order
____46. Today, biologists classify organisms by their
a. physical similarities
c. chemical similarities
b. behavioral similarities
d. All of the above
____47. Kingdoms are divided into phyla, and a phylum is divided into
a. families
b. classes
c. orders
d. genera
____48. The correct order of the biological hierarchy from kingdom to species is
a. kingdom, class, family, order, phylum, genus, species
b. kingdom, order, class, family, phylum, genus, species
c. kingdom, class, phylum, family, order, genus, species
d. kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
e. kingdom, class, order, phylum, family, genus, species
____49. The lowest hierarchy level in biological classification is the
a. genus
b. species
c. family
d. order
e. division
____50. Linnaeus grouped structurally similar organisms of a single type into the category
called a
a. species
b. genus
c. class
d. order
QUESTIONS FROM EVOLUTION IN PROCESS
____51. Analogous features
a. look different and have dissimilar embryological origins
b. look similar and have dissimilar embryological origins
c. may look different or similar but have similar embryological origins
d. None of the above.
____52. Which of the following pairs of structures are analogous?
a. horse’s leg and human forearm
c. bat’s wing and dolphin’s flipper
b. insect’s wing and bird’s wing
d. hummingbird’s wing and seal’s flipper
____53. What does the presence of a vestigial structure in modern organisms indicate?
a. Natural selection prepares the anatomy of organisms so that in the future the vestigial structure
can be used.
b. The vestigial structure was not used by the modern organism, so it became nonfunctional
within the organism’s lifetime.
c. A limited number of genes are expressed during the lifetime of an organism.
d. The structure probably was functional in some ancestor of the modern organism.
____54. The wing of a bat and the foreleg of an alligator are
a. analogous structures
c. vestigial structures
b. homologous features
d. artificially selected features
____55. Features that were useful to an ancestral organism but are not useful to a modern
organism that has them are said to be
a. analogous
b. homologous
c. vestigial
d. artificially selected
____56. Similar features in different species that originate in a shared ancestor are called
a. vestigial features b. analogous features c. homologous features d. artificially selected
____57. Homologous structures in an organism suggest that the organism
a. have a common ancestor
c. have a skeletal structure
b. must have lived at different times
d. are now extinct
____58. Which of the following is a vestigial structure?
a. the bill of a finch
c. the human tailbone
b. flower color
d. the human arm
____59. _____________ structures are similar because they are inherited from a common
ancestor
a. vestigial
b. analogous
c. homologous
d. artificially
____60. Eyes in a blind salamander are an example of a type of organ known as
a. vestigial
b. analogous
c. homologous
d. artificially
____61. _____________ features serve identical functions, and they look somewhat alike, but they
have very different embryological development.
a. vestigial
b. analogous
c. homologous
d. artificially
MATCHING:
______1. Archaea
A. kingdom; includes Euglena and amoebas
______2. Bacteria
B. domain; includes chemosynthetic bacteria
______3. Eukarya
C. kingdom; includes mushrooms and molds
______4. Animalia
D. kingdom; includes humans and insects
______5. Archebacteria
E. kingdom; includes disease-causing bacteria
______6. Eubacteria
F. domain; includes both plants and animals
______7. Fungi
G. kingdom; includes chemosynthetic bacteria
______8. Protista
H. domain; includes disease-causing bacteria
DIRECTIONS:, Answer the questions below as completely and as thoroughly as
possible. You may use diagrams to supplement your answers, but a diagram alone
without appropriate discussion is inadequate
1. Explain why scientific names are needed for organisms (why common names
are not sufficient).
2. What are the six kingdoms recognized today? What do plants and fungi have
in common with animals?
3. Compare and Contrast Aristotle’s system of classification with that of
Linnaeus.
4. The kingdom Protista includes a wide variety of organisms that are more
distantly related to each other than plants are to animals. Why are they grouped
together in one kingdom?
5. Explain how embryological evidence helps to define phylogeny.
6. List the levels of Classification developed by Linnaeus, from the broadest
category to the most specific.
7. Compare and Contrast the six-kingdom system with the three-domain system.
What evidence prompted the development of the three-domain system? What
are the three domains?