Learning Experience 2.9
ASSESSMENT TASK
The same information can be presented in many different
ways, each with their own advantages and disadvantages.
Read the two information sheets on the formation of oil and gas
(Source 1 and Source 2). Each of these sheets presents the same
information but in two different forms.
TASK A
Complete a P.M.I. Chart to compare and contrast the strengths and
weaknesses of each format.
TASK B
Both of the source sheets only use one form to present information:
written text.
The best sources of information use more than one way
to present the important ideas they want to get across,
such as sound, pictures, diagrams, models, graphs and
tables.
Your task is to create a presentation that incorporates the written text
from the two source sheets with two or more different forms of
presenting information. For example you could create a
poster which incorporates pictures, labelled diagrams and
written text or a PowerpointTM presentation that
incorporates sound effects, pictures and written text. Its
up to you how you present your information; be as creative
as you want.
Remember, the aim of this task is to improve on the information
sheets that you have already received. Your presentation should
increase your audience’s understanding of oil and gas formation
further than the original information sheets could have.
THE FORMATION OF OIL AND GAS
Source 1
The story of how crude oil and gas is formed begins with the death of
countless tiny marine creatures millions of years ago. Dead and decaying
matter in the warm seas and river estuaries rains down onto the seabed
from the teeming life above.
This organic matter, mixed with sediments of sand and mud, is slowly
buried beneath even more sediments deposited by the rivers and seas.
As the sediments become more deeply buried, the pressures and
temperatures within them increase. The increasing temperature and
pressure slowly change the sediments into what we call sedimentary
rocks, such as chalk, limestone, sandstone and shale.
In the absence of oxygen, the dead organic matter in the sediments is
transformed into an organic material called kerogen. At temperatures
greater than 110°C the kerogen is changed into crude oil and natural gas.
As a general rule, whether the conditions lead to the formation of oil or
natural gas depends upon temperature; the hotter the conditions, the
more likely it would lead to the formation of natural gas. This process is
called generation.
The rocks that contain the kerogen and from which the oil and gas are
generated are called source rocks. The oil and natural gas are held as tiny
droplets in the minute spaces in the source rocks – similar to the way a
sponge holds water.
THE FORMATION OF OIL AND GAS
Source 2
Fossil fuels have taken millions of years to form
Crude oil is made from plants and the bodies of tiny creatures
that died millions of years ago
These animals were buried under layers of sand and silt on the
bed of the sea
Due to this compact layering, this material did not decay as
normal because the bacteria feeding upon them had little or no
oxygen
These sediments became more deeply buried and the increasing
temperature and pressure slowly changed the sediment into
rock
The dead organic matter transformed into kerogen
The rocks containing kerogen, from which oil and gas are
generated, are called source rocks
The Formation of Oil and Gas:
Assessment Task
TASK A - The strengths and weaknesses of two different
representations of oil and gas formation.
Source 1 – Written Text
Pluses
Minuses
Interesting
Source 2 - Text based Flow Chart
Pluses
Minuses
Interesting
THE FORMATION OF OIL AND GAS
MARKING RUBRIC
Use the Earth and Beyond Rubric to help you choose what information you
need to include in your presentation and use the Communicating Scientifically
Rubric to help you choose how you are going to present this information.
Earth &
Beyond
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
I can identify
the changes that
needed to occur
for oil and gas to
be formed
I understand that
these changes
needed to occur
with certain
conditions for oil
and gas to form
I can relate
these changes to
the conditions
that are required
to form oil and
gas
I can show using
the correct
terminology the
process by which
oil and gas are
formed
Developing
Communicating
Scientifically
I can use
everyday
language to
present my ideas
I only use one
form to present
my information
i.e. written text
Fair
I can use
appropriate
terminology to
express
changes,
conditions and
process. For
example heat,
pressure and
compact
I use more than
one form to
present my
information i.e.
written text
and diagrams
I acknowledge
where I got my
information
from
Good
Excellent
I use scientific
terminology
correctly to
describe
processes such
as sedimentation
I use scientific
terminology that
is specific to
this task in an
appropriate
manner. For
example I use
the terms
kerogen and
generation in the
appropriate
context.
I use more than
one form to
present my
information and
use headings and
label diagrams to
organise
information.
I get my
information from
a number of
different
sources
I acknowledge
where I got my
information from
and record this
information in an
appropriate way
i.e. a
bibliography
I choose forms
to present my
information that
specifically
enhance the
understanding of
my audience
I get my
information from
different
locations and
sources i.e.
books and
websites
I acknowledge
where I got my
information from
and record this
information in an
appropriate way
i.e. a
bibliography