UNIT THREE STUDY GUIDE
CELLULAR ENERGY AND REPRODUCTION
Read all questions before writing anything down. Answer all questions that you know first. Then,
using your text and notes as needed, answer each question in detail. Take advantage of the quiz
and test reviews during 7th period!
1. Summarize the two laws of thermodynamics.
2. Compare and contrast autotrophs and heterotrophs.
3. Define metabolism in terms of anabolic and catabolic pathways. Which type of chemical reaction is
photosynthesis? Which type of reaction is respiration?
4. Describe examples of how energy is used on a cellular level. Give an example of using energy on a
physical level.
5. Which molecule provides cells with energy?
6. Describe the structure of an ATP molecule. What chemical bond has to be broken to release energy?
7. Explain how ATP and ADP are continuously being recycled. Why is phosphate important?
8. What is photosynthesis and where does it occur?
9. Why do plants appear green?
10. Light travels through space in ….? And a particle of light is called…?
11. Concerning the process of photosynthesis….
a. How many PGAL are needed to from glucose?
b. What compound(s) do you start with in the light reaction? (reactants)
c. What products do you make in the light reaction?
d. What excites the electrons in the light reaction?
e. In the light reaction, what is made as the electrons cool down?
f. In the light reaction, what is the final electron acceptor?
g. In the light reaction when I reduce NADP I add what atom to this compound?
h. What products of the light reaction are used in the dark reaction?
i. What are my reactants of the dark reaction?
j. What is the dark reaction called?
k. Know the Calvin Cycle chant beginning with 3C5 + 3C1….
l. What is the fate of carbon in the reactant carbon dioxide and hydrogen from the reactant water?
12. Concerning cellular respiration….
a. What is the definition of cellular respiration?
b. What is the high-energy compound that is made as a result of cellular respiration?
c. How many ATP are made during anaerobic respiration? In aerobic respiration?
d. What is the first step in cellular respiration called and what carbon compound do you start with?
e. During glycolysis what compound is reduced? Which compound is made in a small amount?
f. What is the second step of aerobic respiration called?
g. For every 1 turn of the Kreb’s cycle:
 how many ATP are formed?
 how many NADH2 form?
 how many CO2 form?
 how many FADH2 form?
h. How many times do you do the Kreb’s cycle for each glucose molecule? Why?
i. What drops electrons off at the top of the ETC?
j. What catches the electrons (the final electron acceptor) at the bottom of the ETC? What is made
as a result?
k. As a result of the ETC, what compound is made in great quantities.
l. Know the Kreb’s cycle chant beginning with 2 +4 is 6 do the bit……
m. If after glycolysis occurs and no oxygen is available, what would the next step be called?
n. If this occurs in your muscles you would make…?
o. If this occurred in yeast cells they would make….?
13. What types of organisms do anaerobic respiration? Why can they?
14. Why do humans have to do aerobic respiration as opposed to anaerobic respiration?
15. Describe at least three differences and three similarities between photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.
16. Describe how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related in terms of their reactants and
products.
17. List the factors that limit the size of cells.
18. Name and describe the primary stages of the cell cycle.
19. During mitosis what is actually dividing? During cytokinesis what is actually dividing?
21. What is interphase and what happens during the G1, S and G2 phases.
22. What is the difference between chromosomes and chromatin?
23. For the following stages of mitosis, name the stage and draw a diagram:
a. chromosomes line up in the middle, the centromeres duplicate
b. centrioles move toward the poles, doubled chromosomes become visible. Nuclear membrane
disappears
c. chromatids move apart
d. nuclear membrane begins to form around each nucleus, nucleoli reappear, ends with cytokinesis.
e. DNA replicates
24. Take the stages that you listed and drew and put them in sequence as they occur in mitosis. Ex.
b,c,d,a,e
25. Describe how cytokinesis differs in plants and animals.
26. Summarize the role of cyclin proteins in controlling the cell cycle.
27. What results because of mitosis?
28. List the following terms in order of least to most complex: organ, organ system, cell, tissue
29. Describe three mechanisms that might cause uncontrolled cell division.
30. Describe some causes of cancer.
31. Why is cancer harmful to normal cells?
32. Describe ways in which you might be able to prevent certain kinds of cancer.
33. Describe the role of apoptosis.
34. Describe two types of stem cells and their uses.
35. Know and understand the concepts for the following labs:
a. Where Does Mitosis Occur
b. Respiration in Yeast
c. Comparing Respiration and Photosynthesis
36. Know the songs for photosynthesis and respiration
37. Be able to DRAW the phases of mitosis