STATE UNIVERSITY CONSTRUCTION FUND
PROGRAM DIRECTIVES
DIRECTIVE 16-6
Issue date: January 2003
OUTDOOR LIGHTING
1.
General
This Directive has been developed to serve as a guide for the engineering of site
lighting installations on Fund projects. Design guidelines for architectural and
aesthetic aspects are covered by design vocabularies and Campus standards.
2.
Policy
Design outdoor lighting to provide for the safety, security and comfort of those
persons who will be using campus roads, streets, walks, and parking areas.
Emphasis in the engineering design shall be to produce maximum useful light with
minimum energy consumption and fixture quantities and to provide maximum
reliability with minimum maintenance.
3.
Roadway and Street Classifications
a.
b.
Roadway Design Conditions
(1)
Heavy: Area with heavy vehicular, pedestrian activity, varied vehicular,
pedestrian activity, frequent intersections and crosswalks and a high
incidence of off-road driver distractions approaching or comparable to
a downtown city area.
(2)
Intermediate: Area with steady vehicular, pedestrian traffic, primarily
passing rapidly through, occasional intersections and crosswalks and
infrequent off-road driver distractions approaching or comparable to a
combination residential commercial city area.
(3)
Light: Area with light vehicular, pedestrian traffic, rapidly passing
through, very few or no intersections and crosswalks or off-road driver
distractions.
Selection of Illumination Levels: Light levels given are for average horizontal
footcandles. Minimum levels between standards shall not be less than one
third of the average values given, and maximum values shall not exceed four
(4) times the average values.
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Outdoor Lighting
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PROGRAM DIRECTIVES
c.
(1)
Heavy:
For conditions approaching those described in this
classification, provide not less than two (2) footcandles.
(2)
Intermediate: For conditions approaching those described in this
classification, provide not less than 1.5 footcandles
(3)
Light:
For conditions approaching those described
classification, provide not less than one (1) footcandle.
(4)
Intersections & Crosswalks: Design for the sum of the design values of
the Intersecting streets or twice the main street value.
in
this
Parking Lot Specifications
(1)
(2)
Design Conditions
(a)
Small Short Time: Parking areas of up to 100 cars where there
is frequent turnover used by people unfamiliar with the
surroundings.
(b)
Large Short Time: Parking areas of over 100 cars where there
is a frequent turnover used by people unfamiliar with the
surroundings.
(c)
Small All Day or Night: Parking areas of up to 100 cars left for
long periods usually used by people familiar with the
surroundings.
(d)
Large All Day or Night: Parking areas of over 100 cars left for
long periods usually by people familiar with the surroundings.
Selection of Illumination Level: Light levels given are for average
horizontal footcandles. Minimum levels between standards not less
than one third average values given, and maximum values shall not
exceed four (4) times the average values.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Small Short Time: Provide not less than two (2) footcandles.
Large Short Time: Provide not less than three(3) footcandles.
Small All Day or All Night: Provide not less than two (2)
footcandles.
Large All Day or All Night: Provide not less than two (2)
footcandles.
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PROGRAM DIRECTIVES
d.
Control: Depending upon the amount of power involved and the anticipated
use of the parking lot, some additional control and/or wiring may be justified.
An economic evaluation should be made to determine if all fixtures should be
kept on all night. Some security lighting should be provided for parking lots
which will be abandoned at night.
e.
Walks
(1)
Walkway Design Conditions: Walkway lighting design depends more
on local conditions than other factors for adequacy. Higher levels are
provided:
(a)
(b)
(c)
4.
To eliminate sudden contrast of going from light to dark.
To create a sense of security in certain environments.
To aid recognition of persons and surroundings, etc.
(2)
For remote walks or any walk where people may feel insecure, off walk
for silhouette lighting might be preferred. That is to give the walker the
feeling that they can see as well as be seen.
(3)
Selection of Illumination Levels: Light levels given are for average
horizontal footcandles with minimum levels between standards not less
than one-third average values given, and maximum values shall not
exceed four (4) times the average values.
(a)
Main Walks - installed for a specific purpose where traffic will be
fairly heavy and/or hurried, should be clearly defined and
reasonably well lit to approximately three (3) footcandle
average. In areas of heavy congregation, building entrances,
etc., increase the level to approximately five (5) footcandles
average.
(b)
Intermediate or Interconnecting Walks - two (2) footcandles.
(c)
Casual Walks - two (2) footcandles.
Materials and Specifications
a.
Selection of Equipment
(1)
Equipment used shall be of a type available from three manufacturers
with replacement parts normally stocked and readily available.
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b.
(2)
Luminaires shall be standard street lighting type with I.E.S. distribution
characteristics for the application in accordance with the 1953 method
of classification. Control shapes or sizes by addition of shrouds.
Provide sharp cutoff fixtures where stray light is a problem.
(3)
Lamps shall be Sodium Vapor or Metal Halide of the highest wattage
practical to obtain economical spacing of fixtures and the specified
distribution of light. Provide brightness control with lenses and/or
shielding.
(4)
Ballasts shall be suitable for outdoor application and properly protected
from the elements in the installation. Ballast installations may be within
the luminaire, pole or a transformer base pole. Installation of ballasts
below grade are not acceptable. Specify regulator type ballasts with
power factor not less than 95%, which will provide lamp starting at 20°F.
(5)
Poles shall be selected for strength, durability and require minimum
maintenance. Standard aluminum or concrete street lighting poles with
space provided for ballasts, fuses and splices are recommended.
Installation Details: Install wiring in direct burial non-metallic conduits or
prewired duct at a minimum depth of 24” below finished grade. Provide rigid
metallic conduits for roadway crossings or in areas of high hazard where
future planting or construction is anticipated. Splices in buried junction boxes
will not be allowed. Loop cables from pole to pole and do all splicing within
the pole base. Splices must be readily accessible within the splice chamber
to simplify future trouble shooting.
(1)
277Y/480 volt 3 phase 4 wire distribution systems are preferred.
(2)
Provide a separate ground conductor throughout the system bonded to
a suitable ground at the source. A ground rod is required at each pole
base with a bonding connection between the ground rod, ground
conductor, and the pole.
(3)
Specify that fixtures be connected on alternate phases and protect the
circuits with single pole circuit breakers at the source.
(4)
Specify a durable method of cable phase identification such as color
coding or tagging.
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PROGRAM DIRECTIVES
(5)
Specify that fuses be provided to protect individual fixtures and
ballasts.
(6)
Specify a suitable waterproof splicing procedure and provide a detail
and specification.
(7)
All new underground circuitry shall include the installation of a metalliclined, plastic underground marker tape. The tape shall be buried
directly above the conduit and contain the printed name repeated
continuously along its length.
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