P.1
Section A4 :
Man-Land Relationship :
TRF
Paper I
03
5
02
01
00
99
98
5
97
96
95
94
93
4
3
4
92
91
90
89
4
4
4
Paper II
03#3:
TRF : climate  soil fertility + veg. productivity + importance of maintaining floral diversity
+ ways to reduce biodiversity loss
02#4 : TRF : exp. MDC blame for ↓forests + global problems of deforestation + Dis. how LDC
govt’ strike a balance ※ economic growth + forest conservation + egs.
01#4 :
00#4 :
TRF : des. native people’ sustainable livelihood + reasons of disruption + ways to maintain +
egs.
TRF : def. biodiversity + significance + diff meaning of resources (developers +
environmentalists) affects biodiversity + conservation measures
97#4 :
96#2 :
95#4 :
94#4 :
TRF : operation of shifting cultivation + sustainable land use + national park + Egs.
TRF : causes of deforestation in LDCs + environmentalist + Egs.
TRF : causes of deforestation + environmental constraints + solution + case
TRF: human activities - survival & profit making + harmonious man-environment
relationship
88#3 :
TRF : reasons of luxuriant vegetation + unfavourable factors for farming + impact
Past exam questions (Paper II) :
03#3
Topical rainforests have some of the world’s most luxuriant vegetation and yet some of the
world’s least fertile soil.
Discuss the different influences of climatic inputs on soil fertility and vegetation productivity
in the tropical rainforest ecosystem. Explain the importance of maintaining floral diversity
in the system and suggest ways to reduce the rate of biodiversity loss.
02#4
Explain why the more developed countries are blamed for the vanishing of tropical
rainforests. Assess the global problems caused by forest destruction. Discuss how the
governments in these rainforest regions can achieve a balance between economic growth and
forest conservation. Illustrate your answer with examples.
88
P.2
01#4
Sustainability is the ability of a system to support for a long period the livelihood of the
people.
With reference to specific examples, describe how the native people living in tropical
rainforests maintain a sustainable livelihood and explain why their livelihood may be
disrupted. Discuss how this sustainable system can be maintained for a long period.
00#4
Biodiversity in tropical rainforests is under stress. The way that people define resources
may influence the biodiversity loss in tropical rainforests.
What is biodiversity ? Why is it important to maintain biodiversity ? In what ways do the
differences in the definition of resources between developers and environmentalists affect the
development of biodiversity in tropical rainforests ? Suggest ways to slow down
biodiversity loss.
97#4
Sustainable land uses are those that are capable of maintaining yields for a long time without
causing much environmental degradation.
With reference to specific examples, describe the operation of shifting cultivation. Explain
how it could be a sustainable land use in the tropical rainforest landscape. Discuss the
suggestion of conserving rainforests by making them national parks.
P.3
96#2
Different points of view and self-interest play an important role in shaping the distribution of
the tropical rain forest.
Explain why the tropical rain forest has been cleared in many less developed countries during
recent decades. Why are many environmental groups concerned about its loss and
conversion ? Illustrate your answer with examples.
95#4
‘Although the tropical rain forest is a region with many constraints on development, it has
bee greatly exploited by human beings in the past decades.’
Explain why the tropical rain forests have been rapidly exploited in the past decades and
identify the problems that have hindered their economic development. Evaluate the
solutions which have been suggested to remedy these problems. Illustrate your answer with
reference to a case study.
94#4
‘Survival and profit making are the basic causes for upsetting the traditional harmonious
man-environment relationship found in the tropical rain forest landscape.’
With reference to different types of human activities found in the tropical rain forest
landscape, comment on the validity of the statement.
88#3
“ In terms of the amount of biomass, natural vegetation is very luxuriant in tropical rain
forests, but the natural conditions for developing farming in tropical rain forests are not so
favourable.” Explain this statement. With reference to a tropical rain forest area of your
choice, evaluate the impact on the natural ecosystem of any one attempt to develop
agricultural in that area.
P.4
Section A4 :
Man-Land Relationship :
TD
Paper I
03
02
01
00
5
5
99
98
97
96
3
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
3
88
4
Paper II
03#4:
TD : reasons of desertification (poverty + inappropriate use of technology) + climatic change
in recent decades + areas
99#3 : TD : environmental resources + positive impacts of development on local landscape and
people + egs.
98#4 :
97#3 :
93#4 :
91#4 :
TD : reasons of desertification ( human + climate) + measures + regional eg.
TD : rainfall pattern + adaptation of vegetation
TD : water cycle + impact of components in water cycle upon human use + regional eg.
TD : causes of desertification + measures
90#4 :
TD : environmental constraints + human modification + factors that may lead to a change in
direction of the relationship + places
TD & Tundra (Out of syllabus) similarities and differences of man-environment relationships
+ case studies
89#4 :
Past exam questions (Paper II) :
03#4
Human activities are the main factors triggering desertification in semi-arid rural areas.
Most of these activities are related to two factors: poverty and inappropriate use of
technology.
Explain how poverty and inappropriate use of technology have contributed to desertification
in the semi-arid rural areas. With reference to an appropriate, discuss the impact of climatic
change in recent decades on desertification.
99#3
Describe and explain how human beings make use of environmental resources in tropical
deserts. Discuss the positive impacts of the development on the local landscape and people.
Support your answer with appropriate examples.
P.5
98#4
Desertification is the result of human over-exploitation of the land rather than a change of
climate.
Explain the above statement with reference to a specific region. Evaluate the effectiveness
of the remedial measures adopted in arresting the process of desertification.
93#4
Describe the hydrologic cycle in a tropical desert region. By means of examples assess the
impact of the various components of the cycle upon the human use of this environment.
91#4
Desertification is principally caused by the disturbance of equilibrium in the desert-margin
ecosystems. Explain how the degradational processes of desertification can be arrested.
90#4
Man is constrained by the environment in some places but, in other places, or at other times,
man is a major factor in altering the environment.
With reference to places within the tropical desert environment, explain why this occurs.
What are the conditions which may lead to a change in direction of the relationship between
man and the environment ?
89#4
Describe and explain the extent to which similarities and differences of man-environment
relationships occur between tropical desert and tundra areas. Illustrate your answer with
reference to case studies chosen from these two environments.