CHAPTER 7: Ancient Rome
Key Works
Atrium and peristyle, House of the Silver Wedding, Pompeii, early 1st century A.D.
Insula, Ostia, reconstruction, 2nd century
View from the west of the ruins of Timgad, Algeria, early 2nd century
Piranesi, The Great Baths, Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli, from Views of Rome, 1770
Canopus, Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli, A.D. 123–135
Reconstruction of the forums, Rome, c. A.D. 46–117
Reconstruction cross section of the interior of the Basilica Ulpia
The remains of Trajan’s markets as seen from the west
Aerial view of the ruins of the Baths of Caracalla, Rome, A.D. c. 211–217
The Colosseum, Rome, A.D. 72–80
Pont du Gard, near Nîmes, France, late 1st century B.C.
Temple of Portunus, Rome, late 2nd century B.C.
Temple of the Sibyl, Tivoli, early 1st century B.C.
Exterior view of the Pantheon, Rome, A.D. 117–125
Giovanni Paolo Panini, The Interior of the Pantheon, c. 1740
West side of the Ara Pacis (Altar of Peace), Rome, 13–9 B.C.
South side of the Ara Pacis, showing a detail of an imperial procession
Ara Pacis, detail of a child tugging at an adult’s toga
Trajan’s Column, Trajan’s Forum, Rome, dedicated A.D. 113
The five lowest bands of Trajan’s Column
Dacian vase in the shape of a human head, 4th century
Dacian helmet, 4th century
Arch of Titus, Rome, A.D. 81
Relief from the Arch of Titus, detail showing the spoils of the temple of Jerusalem carried in a
triumphal procession
Arch of Constantine, Rome, c. A.D. 313
Medallions (Hadrianic A.D. 117–138) and frieze (Constantinian, early 4th century) from the
Arch of Constantine, Rome
Bacchus and the Four Seasons (the so-called Badminton Sarcophagus), c. A.D. 220
Bust of Julius Caesar, Tusculum, mid-1st century B.C.
Bust of Trajan, 1st half of 2nd century A.D.
Patrician with Two Ancestor Busts, A.D. c. 13
Portrait of a young Flavian lady, A.D. c. 90
Portrait of an older Flavian lady, A.D. c. 90
Augustus of Prima Porta, early 1st century A.D.
F Tetrarchs, c. 300, Porphyry, Saint Mark’s, Venice
Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, A.D. 164–166
Monumental head of Constantine, Basilica of Constantine, Rome, A.D. 313
Caracalla, first half of the 3rd century
Unknown Barbarian (Parthian?), Augustan period
View of the frescoes at the Villa of the Mysteries, near Pompeii, c. 65–50 B.C.
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First style mosaic, Period of the Republic, Villa of Cicero, Pompeii
Fresco from the Villa of the Mysteries, south wall
Dancing Satyr, fresco from the Villa of the Mysteries
Odysseus Being Attacked by the Laestrygonians, Esquiline Hill, Rome, c. 50–40 B.C.
Young Woman with a Stylus, Pompeii, 1st century A.D.
Columns and pediment with pavilion, villa at Boscotrecase, near Pompeii, 11 B.C.
Perspectival view of a villa, House of Marcus Lucretius, Pompeii
Still Life of Silver Objects, from the tomb of Vestorius Priscus, Pompeii, A.D. 75–76
Hercules Strangling the Serpents, House of the Vettii, Pompeii, A.D. 63–79
View of Hercules Strangling the Serpents in situ, House of the Vettii, Pompeii, A.D. 63–79
Mummy case of Artemidoros, Faiyum, A.D. 100 – 200
Aeneas Fleeing Troy, altar relief from Byrsa Hill, Carthage, Tunisia, early 1st century A.D.
View of the Tophet, Carthage
Neo-Punic stele with inscription and sign of Tanit, Teboursouk, Tunisia, 1st century B.C.–1st
century A.D.
“Baby bottle,” vessel from a Punic tomb, 4th–3rd century B.C.
Mausoleum, Dougga, Tunisia, 2nd century B.C.
Maps, Diagrams, and Projections
Map of the Roman Empire, A.D. 14–284
Arches, domes, and vaults
Plan of the House of the Faun, Pompeii, 2nd century B.C.
Plan of Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli, A.D. 118–138
Plan of the Roman and Imperial forums, Rome
Apollodorus of Damascus, plan of the Basilica Ulpia, Forum of Trajan, A.D. 98–117
Isometric drawing of the remains of Trajan’s markets
Plan of the Baths of Caracalla, Rome, A.D. 211–217
Restoration drawing of the Baths of Caracalla
Reconstructed cutaway section of the Colosseum, Rome
Plan of the circus at Leptis Magna, Libya, early 3rd century
Plan of the Temple of Portunus
Plan of the Temple of the Sibyl
Plan and section of the Pantheon
Reconstruction of the Pantheon with a cutaway of the dome
Key Terms
aisle
amphitheater
annular or ring vault
apse
aqueduct
arcade
arena
atrium
attic
axis
basilica
barrel vault, tunnel vault
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bust
buttress
castrum, castra
cella
centering
circus
coffer, coffering
concrete
dome
dressed stone
forum
groin vault, cross-vault
highlight
insula
keystone
nave
oculus
peripteral
pier
podium
portico
rotunda
rustication
Serapaeum
spandrel
spolia
springing
stylus
tessera, tesserae
tondo
tracery
travertine
vault, vaulting
villa
voussoir
Window on the World
The Indus Valley Civilization and Developments in South Asia to the 3rd century A.D.
Key Works
Square stamp seal showing a zebu, Mohenjo Daro, Indus Valley, c. 2300–1750 B.C.
Square stamp seal showing a yogi, Indus Valley civilization, c. 2500–1500 B.C.
Bearded Man, Mohenjo Daro, Indus Valley, c. 2000 B.C. (three views)
Dancing Girl, Mohenjo Daro, Indus Valley Civilization, c. 2300–1750 B.C. (front and back)
Nude Male Torso, Harappa, Indus Valley, c. 2000 B.C. (three views)
Birth of the Buddha, Gandhara, India, 2nd–3rd century
Dream of Queen Maya, Madhya Pradesh, India, Shunga period, 2nd century B.C.
Lion capital, Ashokan pillar, Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, India, Maurya period, mid-3rd century B.C.
Bull capital, Ashokan pillar from Rampurva, Bihar, India, Maurya period, 3rd century B.C.
Great Stupa at Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, India, Shunga and Andhra periods, 3rd century B.C.
North torana at Sanchi, Shunga and early Andhra periods, 1st century B.C.
Yakshī, from the east torana at Sanchi, Sunga and early Andhra periods, 1st century B.C.
Standing Buddha, Gandhara, Afghanistan or Pakistan, Kushan period, 2nd–3rd century
Seated Buddha, Gandhara, Afghanistan or Pakistan, Kushan period, 2nd century
Model of stupa from Loriyan Tangai, Gandhara, Afghanistan or Pakistan, Kushan period,
2nd century
Seated Buddha, from the Katra Mound, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India, Kushan period, early
2nd century
Maps, Diagrams, and Projections
Map of South Asia
Map of the Buddhist world
Plan and elevation of the Great Stupa at Sanchi
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Key Terms
abacus
abhaya
anda
aniconic
bodhisattva
chattra
chaurī
dhyāna
harmikā
mudrā
prana
stupas
torana
tribhanga
ushnīsha
vedikā
Videos
Journey Through Ancient Pompeii
31 min., FFHS
History Through Art: Ancient Rome
40 min., Clearvue
Imperial Rome, Ostia and Portus: Ancient Architecture and Technology
59 min., FFHS
Myth, Man & Metal: Bronze Sculpture of Ancient Greece & Rome
31 min., MFA
Secrets of Lost Empires 2: Roman Bath
60 min., PBS
Rome: Art and Architecture – Part 1
31 min., 1995, VM
Rome: Art and Architecture – Part 2
39 min., 1995, VM
CD-ROMs
History Through Art: Ancient Rome
Mac/Windows, Clearvue, MFA
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