P.1
Section A2 :
Landform System : Plate tectonics, denudation and weathering & channel subsystem
Paper I :
88
89
90
91
Plate tectonics
93
94
95
2
denudation +weathering
channel subsystem
92
3
1
1
97
98
1
1
2
(M)
96
2
1
(M) (M)
99
00
3
1
3
2
01
02
4
2
3
4
3
Paper II :
03#1 : Plate tectonics : contrast oceanic ridges + terrestrial mt. ranges + locations support P.T. theory
+ mechanism
02#2 :
01#1 :
00#1 :
Flood plain : D + E polygenetic factors + time as a factor
Plate tectonics : marine landforms + evidences
Slope : human and natural causes of slope failure + diff. Processes in diff. Landscapes + veg
→ slope stability
99#4 :
Water cycle of drainage basin : TD & polar regions + human activities → flooding in TD in LDC
98#1 :
97#2 :
Mass wasting + slope development : role of water + contrast relative importance in TRF & TD
Channel : TD & TRF : contrast their stream characteristics + impact of afforestation on
channel shape + processes in lower course
Weathering : TD & Tundra : contrast weathering processes + resultant landform features
94#2 :
93#4 :
93#2 :
92#2 :
91#2 :
90#1 :
89#1 :
88#2 :
03
Water cycle : TD + impact of components upon man
Mountain building processes  landform features , exp. with plate tectonics theory
Dam construction : impact on quantity and quality of discharge downstream + effect on
channel morphology and ecology
Denudation : sources of water in TD + water as an agent of denudation and landforms
Channel : Tundra & TRF : contrast annual pattern of stream discharge and consequences on erosion
Plate tectonics : global distribution of extrusive vulcanicity associated with plate movements +
vulcanicity reflects instability along destructive plate margins
Plate tectonics : relationship between island arcs and deep sea trenches + associated natural hazards
Denudation + Weathering + Slope
00#1
State the human and natural causes of slope failure. Describe and explain the processes of
slope failure in different landscapes. Comment on the effectiveness of vegetation cover in
maintaining slope stability.
98#1
Describe how water affects mass wasting and slope development. With reference to tropical
rainforests and tropical deserts, compare and contrast the relative importance of water on such
two processes.
94#2
Compare and contrast the weathering processes and resultant landform features found in polar
and tropical humid environments. Illustrate your answer with appropriate examples.
2
P.2
Plate tectonics
03#1
Contrast the characteristics of the oceanic ridges and the major terrestrial mountain ranges of
different ages. Using appropriate examples, discuss how the locations of these tectonic
features support the theory of plate tectonics. Explain the forces that drive the crustal plates.
01#1
With reference to appropriate marine landforms, explain how different types of tectonic
activities occur. How far can the evidence observed on the sea floor support the existence of
plate movements. ?
93#2
What are the major landform features associated with mountain building processes ?
With
appropriate examples, show how the theory of plate tectonics helps to explain the location of
these landform features.
89#1
Describe the global distribution of extrusive vulcanicity associated with plate movements.
With reference to destructive plate margins, discuss how vulcanicity reflects instability of the
plates.
88#2
Using appropriate examples, describe and account for the relationship between island arcs and
deep trenches. What natural hazards are associated with such areas, and why ?
P.3
Channel subsystem
02#2
Many landforms are polygenetic : they owe their origins to several different processes.
Moreover, these processes often change over time, so that individual landforms go through
several cycles of development.
With reference to the development of a flood plain, describe and explain the polygenetic
factors that shape the landform. Evaluate the effects of time on landform development.
99#4
How does the natural water cycle of a drainage basin in a tropical humid landscape differ from
that in a polar landscape ? With reference to examples, explain why human activities are
responsible for increased flooding in the drainage basin of tropical humid landscape in less
developed countries.
97#2
Contrast the stream channel characteristics in tropical humid and tropical arid regions.
Explain the processes leading to such differences. Evaluate the impacts of afforestation on
the channel shape and processes in the lower course of rivers.
93#4
Describe the hydrological cycle in a tropical desert region. By means of examples assess the
impact of the various components of the cycle upon the human use of this environment.
92#2
The construction of dams across rivers has always changed the quantity and quality of
discharge downstream.
Describe and account for the changes with reference to the downstream area. Assess their
consequences on channel morphology and their ecological effects.
91#2
Describe the natural sources of water in deserts. Explain the importance of water as an agent
of denudation in tropical deserts and illustrate your answer with examples of the resultant
landforms.
90#1
Account for the annual pattern of stream discharge in a periglacial region. Contrast this with
the pattern in a tropical rain forest region, and explain the consequences of these differences on
P.4
erosion in the two regions.