Chapter 1

Chapter 5 Test Bank

Page 1

Hansell/Damour Abnormal Psychology

File: 05, Chapter 5: Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders

Multiple choice, true/false, and fill-in-the-blank questions

1. What emotion is characterized by a general sense of danger, dread, and physiological arousal? a. anger b. anxiety c. fear d. obsession

Ans: b

Difficulty level: moderate

Core concept: none

Reference: See page 111 of your text.

2. _______ is an unpleasant emotion characterized by a general sense of danger, dread, and physiological arousal.

Ans: anxiety

Difficulty level: easy

Core concept: none


3. Anxiety is to fear as: a. immediate is to future b. future is to immediate c. general is to specific d. specific is to general

Ans: c

Difficulty level: difficult

Core concept: none


4. What are the components of anxiety? a. emotional and cognitive b. behavioral and physical

Written by Kristine M. Jacquin, Ph.D.

Chapter 5 Test Bank

Page 2 c. both a and b d. neither a nor b

Ans: c



Core concept: none


5. The text authors suggest that anxiety and fear are normal because: a. they are adaptive responses to threatening or dangerous situations. b. they are common responses to a variety of everyday situations. c. they produce physiological sensations that are normal and common. d. they occur on a daily basis in most children and adults in the U.S.

Ans: a


Core concept: 1


6. Ben sees a snake in his yard. Instantly, he feels scared; he thinks that the snake will bite him. Ben runs into the house. Ben exhibits which components of anxiety? a. behavioral, physical, emotional b. behavioral, cognitive, emotional c. cognitive, physical, emotional d. cognitive, physical, behavioral

Ans: b


Core concept: none


7. Shari is experiencing intense feelings of anxiety. What factor determines whether

Shari is showing normal anxiety or symptoms of an anxiety disorder? a. whether she is experiencing physical symptoms b. whether she recognizes that she is anxious c. the context she is in when she feels anxious d. whether other people feel anxious at the same time

Ans: c



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Core concept: 1


8. True or False: People with anxiety disorders experience anxiety when there is little or no danger.

Ans: true


Core concept: 1


9. ______ _______ is the degree to which an individual is predisposed to respond to a variety of situations with more or less anxiety.

Ans: Trait anxiety


Core concept: 2


10. _______ is the degree to which an individual is predisposed to respond to a variety of situations with more or less anxiety. a. State anxiety b. Characteristic anxiety c. Trait anxiety d. Continuous anxiety

Ans: c


Core concept: 2


11. A transitory emotional experience that occurs in response to a specific external threat is called ______ _______.

Ans: state anxiety


Core concept: 2



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12. A transitory emotional experience that occurs in response to a specific external threat is called ______ _______. a. State anxiety b. Characteristic anxiety c. Trait anxiety d. Continuous anxiety

Ans: a


Core concept: 2


13. Julie feels very anxious most of the time, in a wide variety of situations. Based on this information alone, which of the following best describes Julie? a. Low state anxiety b. High state anxiety c. Low trait anxiety d. High trait anxiety

Ans: d


Core concept: 2


14. Marcus rarely feels anxious, even when faced with actual danger. However, when he has to speak in public, he becomes extremely anxious. Which of the following best describes Marcus? a. Low state anxiety, low trait anxiety b. High state anxiety, low trait anxiety c. Low state anxiety, high trait anxiety d. High state anxiety, high trait anxiety

Ans: b


Core concept: 2



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15. Abnormal anxiety is defined as anxiety that: a. occurs in response to a true threat or danger. b. occurs in an inappropriate context or is overly intense. c. occurs in an inappropriate context and is overly intense. d. occurs in response to a true danger but is not intense.

Ans: b


Core concept: 1 and 2


16. True or False: Anxiety disorders are the least common type of psychological disorder in the U.S.

Ans: false


Core concept: none


17. Which of the following is true about the category of psychological disorders known as anxiety disorders ? a. This category includes all disorders in which anxiety is the main symptom. b. Approximately 15% of people in the U.S. have an anxiety disorder in any given year. c. This category includes six main anxiety disorders. d. All of the above are true.

Ans: d


Core concept: none

Reference: See pages 113 and 115 of your text.

18. In any given year, ____ percent of the U.S. population has an anxiety disorder.

Ans: 15


Core concept: none



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19. People with anxiety disorders are to high risk-takers as: a. normal is to abnormal b. adventurous is to avoidant c. high anxiety is to low anxiety d. criminal is to prosocial

Ans: c


Core concept: 2


20. True or False: A person can experience too little anxiety.

Ans: true


Core concept: 2


21. Very low levels of anxiety are associated with: a. High levels of risk taking behavior b. Low levels of substance-related disorders c. Low levels of criminal behavior d. High levels of obesity and eating disorders

Ans: a


Core concept: 2


22. What group of people has been shown to have usually low levels of anxiety? a. People with antisocial personality disorder b. Convicted criminals c. People training to be police officers d. All of the above

Ans: d


Core concept: 2



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23. How is anxiety useful? a. Anxiety helps people take risks that they would not otherwise take. b. Anxiety helps people learn socially appropriate behavior. c. Anxiety is a feeling and all feelings are useful, even if intense. d. Anxiety causes people to ignore dangerous or threatening situations.

Ans: b


Core concept: 2


24. How does anxiety relate to high risk-taking? a. High risk takers experience intense anxiety, which is “burned off” by taking risks. b. High risk takers have learned that it is healthy to do things that are frightening. c. Underaroused people with little anxiety take risks in order to increase arousal. d. Underaroused people take risks in order to experience pathological anxiety.

Ans: c


Core concept: 2


25. What type of anxiety disorder has the highest lifetime prevalence rate? a. generalized anxiety disorder b. panic disorder c. phobias d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

Ans: c


Core concept: none


26. The anxiety disorder with the highest lifetime prevalence rate is _________.

Ans: phobias


Core concept: none



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27. Georgia worries excessively about her finances, the performance of her children in school, and about the health of her parents. She has had such worries pretty much every day for the past 8 months, and she feels that she cannot control her worries. She is tired all the time, has difficulty concentrating, and has trouble sleeping. Based on these symptoms, what disorder does Georgia seem to have? a. generalized anxiety disorder b. panic disorder c. obsessive-compulsive disorder d. posttraumatic stress disorder

Ans: a


Core concept: none


28. People with ______________ experience chronic and pervasive anxiety and feel tense and worried most of the time.

Ans: generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)


Core concept: none


29. On a regular basis for the past year, a man has experienced fatigue, irritability, and restless sleep, along with persistent worries about a number of different issues in his life. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. dysthymia b. generalized anxiety disorder c. major depressive disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

Ans: b


Core concept: none


30. True or False: For most people who suffer from GAD, the anxiety is not limited to a specific situation.


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Ans: true


Core concept: none



31. How does panic disorder differ from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? a. Panic disorder involves chronic but mild anxiety, whereas GAD involves acute episodes of extreme anxiety. b. GAD involves chronic but mild anxiety, whereas panic disorder involves acute episodes of extreme anxiety. c. Panic disorder includes a variety of non-anxiety related symptoms, whereas GAD includes only anxiety and nervousness. d. GAD causes impairment in functioning whereas people with panic disorder experience no impairment from the disorder.

Ans: b


Core concept: none


32. Nate was riding the bus home one day when he suddenly felt hot and sweaty, and short of breath. He realized that his heart was racing and he felt dizzy. Nate feared that he was dying or going crazy. He got off the bus, went to the emergency room and was told that he was fine. Which of the following best describes this experience? a. true alarm response b. phobic reaction c. panic attack d. anxious apprehension

Ans: c


Core concept: none


33. LaToya has experienced several discrete episodes of intense terror during which she feared that she was having a heart attack. She worries constantly about having more episodes like this, so she has begun to avoid the situations in which she previously had them. Which of the following best fits LaToya? a. generalized anxiety disorder


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Hansell/Damour Abnormal Psychology b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. panic disorder d. posttraumatic stress disorder

Ans: b


Core concept: none


34. In panic disorder, the feared object or situation is: a. being in wide open spaces b. being embarrassed c. catching a disease d. having a panic attack

Ans: d


Core concept: none


35. Stella is so afraid of panic attacks that she has become housebound; this condition is known as ___________. a. agoraphobia b. claustrophobia c. panic phobia d. social phobia

Ans: a


Core concept: none


36. Gary is so afraid of panic attacks that he has become housebound; this condition is known as ___________.

Ans: agoraphobia


Core concept: none



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37. Of the people who go to hospital emergency rooms complaining of severe chest pain, what percentage are actually experiencing a panic attack? a. 5-8% b. 8-16% c. 16-25% d. 25-34%

Ans: c


Core concept: none


38. Which of the following is NOT true about panic disorder? a. The feared object or situation is a panic attack. b. Avoidance associated with panic disorder is called agoraphobia. c. People with panic disorder are less sensitive to bodily sensations than other people. d. Effective treatment for this disorder involves a technique called interoceptive exposure.

Ans: c


Core concept: none

Reference: See pages 117 & 134 of your text.

39. An intense, persistent, and irrational fear of a specific object or situation is a

_______.

Ans: phobia


Core concept: none


40. _______ is an intense, persistent, and irrational fear of a specific object or situation. a. Agoraphobia b. A panic attack c. A phobia d. A situational fear


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Ans: c


Core concept: none


41. A man experiences recurrent panic attacks in elevators, rooms without windows, and other small places, and regularly avoids such places, despite the fact that his job requires use of an elevator. In those places listed, he experiences extreme shortness of breath, dizziness, and fear of dying from suffocation. These symptoms don’t scare him, but the situations do. What is his most likely diagnosis? a. generalized anxiety disorder b. panic disorder c. posttraumatic stress disorder d. specific phobia

Ans: d


Core concept: none


42. A woman has always disliked clowns. However, she has very little reason to encounter them. When she does, she feels uncomfortable. She makes no effort to approach them, but she also makes no effort to avoid them. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. agoraphobia b. generalized anxiety disorder c. specific phobia d. no diagnosis

Ans: d


Core concept: none


43. A person who fears social situations or other activities where there is a possibility of being observed or judged has ____________.

Ans: social phobia


Core concept: none


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44. Scott is intensely afraid of talking to women he does not know. Specifically, he is afraid that he will say or do something to humiliate himself, and that the woman will think that he is an idiot. This fear causes Scott to avoid talking to women he does not know, even in work situations; his ability to be promoted is limited by this avoidance. In addition, he has never had a date, even though he is 32. Which of the following best fits

Scott? a. generalized anxiety disorder b. social phobia c. specific phobia d. no diagnosis

Ans: b


Core concept: none


45. People with agoraphobia are afraid of: a. being embarrassed or humiliated in front of others b. being in a public place c. having a panic attack where it might be difficult to escape or get help d. having anxiety or a panic attack in a closed place

Ans: c


Core concept: none


46. Which of the following is NOT one of DSM-IV-TR types of specific phobia? a. animal type b. clown and doll type c. natural environment type d. situational type

Ans: b


Core concept: none



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47. The most common fears experienced by children are of which type(s)? a. animal and natural environment b. blood-injury-injection c. situational and natural environment d. animal and situational

Ans: a


Core concept: none


48. Unwanted and upsetting thoughts or impulses are ____________.

Ans: obsessions


Core concept: none


49. Unwanted and upsetting thoughts or impulses are: a. anxieties b. compulsions c. obsessions d. schemas

Ans: c


Core concept: none


50. An irrational ritual that is repeated over and over again in an effort to control or neutralize the anxiety brought on by an unwanted, upsetting thought or impulse is a(n): a. compulsion b. obsession c. schema d. worry

Ans: a



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Core concept: none


51. An irrational ritual that is repeated over and over again in an effort to control or neutralize the anxiety brought on by an unwanted, upsetting thought or impulse is a(n)

__________.

Ans: compulsion


Core concept: none


52. Julie constantly worries that her house will burn down if she does not unplug and check all of her electrical appliances before she leaves the house. She has developed a routine of unplugging and checking that takes her about 1 hour to complete before she can leave the house. After performing this routine, she feels a little less anxious, although her anxiety quickly returns after she leaves the house. Even though Julie recognizes that her actions are excessive, she feels like she has no control over these behaviors. Based on these symptoms, what problem does Julie seem to have? a. generalized anxiety disorder b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. panic disorder d. specific phobia

Ans: b


Core concept: none


53. A woman is very scared that she will contract a horrible disease so she cleans her house very carefully. She also avoids touching surfaces in public, such as door knobs.

She spends about three hours each day cleaning her house and is often late for work because of this. What is her most likely diagnosis? a. generalized anxiety disorder b. hypochrondriasis c. obsessive-compulsive disorder d. specific phobia

Ans: c



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Core concept: none


54. A disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics is: a. anxious tic disorder b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. Tourette’s disorder d. none of the above

Ans: c


Core concept: none


55. Tourette’s disorder co-occurs in _____% of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. a. 1-2 b. 5-7 c. 10-13 d. 17-25

Ans: b


Core concept: none


56. True or False: Compulsive behaviors are always logical (but excessive) attempts to reduce the anxiety associated with obsessive thoughts.

Ans: False


Core concept: none


57. How is acute stress disorder (ASD) different from posttraumatic stress disorder

(PTSD)? a. ASD occurs in response to a relatively common stressor, whereas PTSD occurs in response to a trauma.


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Hansell/Damour Abnormal Psychology b. ASD is considered to be a chronic disorder, whereas PTSD is thought to be an acute disorder. c. ASD symptoms last for 2 days to one month, whereas PTSD symptoms last longer than one month. d. ASD symptoms are much more severe than the symptoms of PTSD, which are relatively mild.

Ans: c


Core concept: none


58. After being raped, Joyce experienced difficulty sleeping and trouble concentrating.

She became detached from others, and disinterested in the things she used to enjoy.

She also avoided all thoughts about the rape, and she refused to have sex with her husband. Whenever she saw anyone resembling her rapist, her heart started to pound, she began to sweat, and she developed a panicky feeling. All of these symptoms began immediately after the rape and lasted for two months. Which of the following best describes Joyce’s symptoms? a. acute stress disorder b. posttraumatic stress disorder, acute type c. posttraumatic stress disorder, chronic type d. posttraumatic stress disorder with delayed onset

Ans: b


Core concept: none

Reference: See pages 122 & 123 of your text.

59. Which of the following experiences is least likely to lead to acute stress disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder? a. being in a serious car accident b. being raped c. being a prisoner of war d. being a concentration camp survivor

Ans: a


Core concept: none



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60. The likelihood of developing a stress disorder following a traumatic experience is increased by all of the following EXCEPT: a. preexisting emotional problems b. long and intense exposure to danger c. history of prior traumas d. feeling of relief for surviving trauma

Ans: d


Core concept: none


61. During a _______, a person feels as if they are reliving a previously experienced trauma, even though they are in a safe and familiar environment.

Ans: flashback


Core concept: none


62. True or False: Trauma survivors who avoid thoughts and feelings associated with the trauma are likely to recover quickly.

Ans: false


Core concept: none


63. The Disaster Response Network was created in response to the discovery that: a. many trauma survivors do not have access to mental health professionals in their community. b. large-scale disasters (e.g., earthquakes) can lead to epidemics of PTSD affecting entire communities. c. mental health professionals need a network of assistance in order to cope with secondary trauma. d. chronic exposure to dangerous situations produces unusually high levels of PTSD and other problems.

Ans: b


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Core concept: none


64. Children who repeat traumatic experiences through their play are showing: a. flashbacks b. learned helplessness c. repetition compulsion d. stress disaster response

Ans: c


Core concept: none

Reference: See page124 of your text.

65. When two disorders occur at the same time in the same person, we say that those disorders are _________.

Ans: comorbid


Core concept: none


66. What is the primary advantage of the DSM-IV-TR anxiety disorder diagnoses? a. The anxiety disorders are frequently comorbid with other DSM-IV-TR disorders. b. Anxiety disorder symptoms can be used to describe anyone with a mental disorder. c. The DSM-IV-TR anxiety disorder diagnoses are reliable and they are valid. d. The DSM-IVTR categories neatly divide complex “real life” clinical conditions.

Ans: c


Core concept: 4


67. True or False: Anxiety disorders are highly comorbid with other anxiety disorders and mood disorders.

Ans: true


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Core concept: 4


68. Which anxiety disorder diagnosis is most likely to be comorbid with another DSM-

IV-TR diagnosis? a. panic disorder without agoraphobia b. panic disorder with severe agoraphobia c. generalized anxiety disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

Ans: c


Core concept: 4


69. Adults typically experience anxiety ____________, whereas children experience anxiety ______________. a. emotionally and behaviorally; behaviorally and cognitively b. physiologically and emotionally; emotionally, behaviorally, and physically c. behaviorally and physically; cognitively and emotionally d. cognitively, emotionally, and physiologically; behaviorally and physically

Ans: d


Core concept: 1


70. How do children and adults experience anxiety? a. They experience anxiety in exactly the same way. b. Children experience anxiety in their behaviors and thoughts and adults experience anxiety physically. c. Children are often not distressed by their own anxious behavior, but adults tend to be distressed by their anxiety. d. Adults experience fewer symptoms of anxiety disorders but the symptoms last longer than in children.

Ans: c


Core concept: 1


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71. Which anxiety disorder is rarely found in children? a. generalized anxiety disorder b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. panic disorder d. specific phobia

Ans: c


Core concept: 1


72. True or False: Anxiety disorders are 2 to 3 times more common in men than in women.

Ans: false


Core concept: 1


73. Which anxiety disorder is equally common among men and women? a. generalized anxiety disorder b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. panic disorder d. social phobia

Ans: b


Core concept: 1


74. The text provides possible explanations for a gender difference in anxiety disorders.

Which of the following is NOT one of those explanations? a. Many women are not taught to be assertive and self-sufficient. b. Menstruating women have fluctuating hormones. c. Women are less likely to be victims of violence. d. Women may be genetically predisposed to anxiety.


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Ans: c


Core concept: 1



75. True or False: Acute stress disorder or PTSD develops in the majority of rape victims.

Ans: true


Core concept: 1


76. True or False: Men are more likely to be victims of violence.

Ans: false


Core concept: 1


77. Women are more likely than men to be victims of all of the following EXCEPT: a. murder b. domestic violence c. child sexual abuse d. adult sexual assault

Ans: a


Core concept: 1


78. What proportion of women experience domestic violence at some point in their lives? a. one-eighth b. one-fourth c. one-third d. one-half


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Ans: c


Core concept: 1



79. True or False: After experiencing a trauma, women are more likely than men to experience PTSD.

Ans: true


Core concept: 1


80. True or False: People who live in poor urban areas are at increased risk for developing PTSD.

Ans: true


Core concept: 1


81. True or False: People who live in poor urban areas are less likely then people living in other areas to experience trauma.

Ans: false


Core concept: 1


82. Which of the following increases the likelihood of developing a stress disorder following a traumatic experience? a. living in a poor urban environment b. experiencing high levels of psychological stress prior to the trauma c. lacking social support after a trauma d. all of the above

Ans: d


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Core concept: 1


83. A person in Latin America who has been experiencing headaches, irritability, stomaches, and difficulty sleeping or concentrating for the past month would be described as having: a. generalized anxiety disorder b. nervios c. ataque de nervios d. ataque de loco

Ans: b


Core concept: 3


84. True or False: Anxiety disorders have universally agreed upon features.

Ans: false


Core concept: 3


85. Panic attack is to the United States as: a. Shenjing shuairuo is to China b. Taijin kyofusho is to Japan c. Ataque de nervios is to Latin America d. PTSD is to Vietnam

Ans: c


Core concept: 3


86. A person in Japan who excessively worries that their body odor is offensive to others is likely to have: a. Ataque de nervios


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Ans: b


Core concept: 3


87. Why was PTSD excluded from DSM until 1980? a. PTSD symptoms were viewed as signs of cowardice rather than disorder. b. PTSD symptoms were considered to be normal rather than pathological. c. PTSD symptoms were not recognized or documented prior to that time. d. PTSD symptoms were easily and quickly treated before that time.

Ans: a


Core concept: 3


88. Joey’s parents brought a puppy home for the first time on the same day of a big thunderstorm. As lightening struck near their home and hail hit the windows of the house, Joey’s parents encouraged him to play with the puppy. Instead, Joey was scared of the puppy and refused to go near it, even after the storm had passed; his parents were forced to give away the puppy. Joey continued to be scared of dogs for many years after that. Which of the following best explains Joey’s fear of dogs? a. classical conditioning b. genetic predisposition c. modeling d. operant conditioning

Ans: a


Core concept: none


89. When she was a child, Mary lived with her parents in the Arizona desert. They frequently found tara ntulas and other large spiders in the home; Mary’s mom shrieked in fear whenever she saw one. As an adult, Mary refused to go places, such as


Chapter 5 Test Bank

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Hansell/Damour Abnormal Psychology basements or forests, where she might encounter a spider. Which of the following best explains Mary’s fear of spiders? a. classical conditioning b. genetic predisposition c. modeling d. operant conditioning

Ans: c


Core concept: none


90. According to the prepared conditioning theory, which of the following phobias would be most likely? a. gun phobia b. computer phobia c. knife phobia d. snake phobia

Ans: d


Core concept: none


91. Juan, who is afraid of dogs, works with his therapist to gradually get closer and closer to a dog, until he eventually can be close to a dog without experiencing fear.

Which therapy technique is being used with Juan? a. modeling b. in vivo desensitization c. covert desensitization d. flooding

Ans: b


Core concept: none


92. Which intervention technique involves gradual exposure to physiological sensations? a. in vivo exposure


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Hansell/Damour Abnormal Psychology b. prolonged imaginal exposure c. exposure and response prevention d. interoceptive exposure

Ans: d


Core concept: none


93. Covert response prevention is most likely to be used to treat: a. generalized anxiety disorder b. panic disorder c. obsessive compulsive disorder d. posttraumatic stress disorder

Ans: c


Core concept: none


94. True or False: Behavior treatment for PTSD involves avoidance of all feelings, thoughts, and images associated with the trauma.

Ans: false


Core concept: none


95. Patterns of thought used to organize information are called cognitive _________.

Ans: schemas


Core concept: none


96. “If he doesn’t like me, then no one will!” This is an example of:


Chapter 5 Test Bank

Page 28 a. minimization b. emotional reasoning c. over-generalization d. mind reading


Ans: c


Core concept: none


97. Research by Mogg, Miller, and Bradley (2000) showed that people with GAD are more likely than other people to: a. look at threatening faces before other faces. b. look at pleasant scenes and avoid unpleasant scenes. c. feel angry in response to viewing threatening faces. d. feel relaxed after viewing threatening material.

Ans: a


Core concept: none


98. Which of the following is responsible for the physiological changes (heart beating faster, pupils dilating, muscles tensing) associated with anxiety? a. central nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system c. parasympathetic nervous system d. somatic nervous system

Ans: b


Core concept: none


99. Which of the following is NOT associated with activation of the sympathetic nervous system? a. gamma-aminobutryic acid b. locus coeruleus c. limbic system d. norepinephrine


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Ans: a


Core concept: none



100. What group of GABA-enhancing drugs is currently used to treat anxiety disorders? a. barbiturates b. benzodiazepines c. beta blockers d. SSRIs

Ans: b


Core concept: none


Short answer and essay questions

1. Explain why anxiety is normal at one end of the continuum but pathological at the other.

2. Explain the differences in anxiety disorders across at least 3 different cultures.

3. Describe the relationship between classical conditioning and flooding (as a treatment for anxiety disorders).

4. Evaluate the behavioral explanations for anxiety disorders.

5. Compare the behavioral and psychodynamic explanations for phobias.


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