All sections of Ch 14
Study Questions Ch14
Figure 14 - 5, 11, 13, 16, 18, 25, 27, 28, 33, 38, 39
1.
Distinguish between the terms 'mutation' and 'recombination', and define the various terms
that are used to identify different types of mutation
2.
Describe, with specific examples, how mutations are caused by spontaneous errors in
replication and by chemical and physical mutagens
3.
Recount, with specific examples, the effects of mutations on genomes and organisms
4.
Discuss the biological significance of hypermutation and programmed mutations
5.
Outline the link between DNA repair and human disease
6.
Draw diagrams, with detailed annotation, illustrating the processes of homologous
recombination, gene conversion, site-specific recombination, conservative and replicative
transposition, and retrotransposition, and discuss the biological significance of each of these
mechanisms
2. Explain how errors in DNA replication can lead to mutations.
4. List the various types of chemical and physical agents that have mutagenic properties. Give at
least one example of each type of agent and describe the types of mutation that they cause.
5. Describe the various effects that a mutation can have on the coding properties of a genome.
6. Distinguish between the effects of mutations on the somatic and germ cells of multicellular
organisms.
7. Name and define the four major types of mutant phenotype recognized in bacteria.
9. Distinguish between the various types of DNA repair mechanism that are known.
13. Define the term 'non-homologous end-joining' and explain how this process results in the
repair of double-strand breaks in DNA molecules.
14. How can DNA damage be bypassed during genome replication in Escherichia coli and
eukaryotes?
16. Draw a fully annotated diagram of the Holliday model for homologous recombination.
19. Draw a fully annotated diagram of the double-strand break model for recombination in yeast.
20. Describe how site-specific recombination underlies insertion and excision of the l genome into
and out of the Escherichia coli chromosome.
21. Explain how recombination events can result in the replicative or conservative transposition of
a DNA sequence.
22. Draw a fully annotated diagram illustrating the transposition mechanism of a retrovirus.