Class:
Name:
1
1.1
(
)
Date:
Introducing biology
What is biology? (Book 1A, p. 1-5)

Biology (生物學) is the study of (1) _______________.

It can be divided into many branches according to the area of study, e.g. molecular biology
(分子生物學),
1.2
cytology (細胞學), anatomy (解剖學), taxonomy (分類學), ecology (生態學), etc.
The characteristics of organisms (Book 1A, p. 1-6)
(1) _______________ (營養)

Organisms need to obtain food for energy and to maintain
life.
(2) _______________ (呼吸作用)

Organisms can break down food to get energy for body
activities.
(3) _______________ (運動)

Animals can move from place to place.

Plants usually move by growing.
(4) _______________ (生長)

Organisms increase in size and complexity.
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1
(5) _______________ (感應性)

Organisms can sense their internal and external environment
and respond to it.
(6) _______________ (生殖)

Organisms can produce new individuals called offspring.
(7) _______________ (排泄)

Organisms can remove the waste produced from chemical
reactions inside their bodies.
1.3
How do scientists study biology? (Book 1A, p. 1-7)

Scientists study the natural world using (1) _______________ _______________ (科學方法).

There are no single definite scientific method that scientists must follow, but the methods
usually consist of the following steps:
1
Making (2) _______________
2
Flies move around
fresh meat and worms
appear on meat after a
few days.
Asking a (3) _______________
Do the flies produce
the worms?

Scientists ask questions about the
observations they make.
2
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3
Proposing a (4) _______________
4
Making a (5) _______________
My hypothesis is
‘the flies produce
the worms’.

5
A hypothesis is a reasonable answer to
Scientists predict what the expected
observation will be if the hypothesis is
is observed.
correct.
Doing (6) _______________
Experimental set-up
6
Drawing a (8) _______________
jar covered:
flies cannot
reach the meat
worms
appeared


the question which tries to explain what
jar not covered:
flies can reach the
meat

Worms will not appear
if I keep the meat
away from the flies.
The result supports my
hypothesis! I conclude
that the worms are
produced by the flies.
no
worms
Control set-up
An experiment usually includes an

If the results of the experiment match the
experimental set-up and a
prediction, a conclusion (結論) can be
(7) _______________ (對照) set-up.
drawn. The hypothesis may become a
The control set-up is identical to the
(9) _______________ (理論) with
experimental set-up, except that the
increased evidence and acceptance in the
factor under investigation is absent.
scientific community.

If the results do not match the prediction,
the hypothesis may be revised or tested
again.
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3
.
 Scientific method
 Go to …
Practical 1.1
Design an investigation of the effect of fresh pineapple on the setting of jelly
(Book 1A, p. 1-9; Practical Workbook for SBA 1A, p. 1-1)
1.4
Why should we study biology? (Book 1A, p. 1-10)
1
Helps develop scientific thinking skills
2
Understand how biology is applied in daily life
3
Better understanding of biology-related social issues
4
Prepare for a future career
1.5
Major biological discoveries and inventions (Book 1A, p. 1-11)
Pasteurization
(巴斯德消毒法)
was developed
by Louis Pasteur
Discovery of cells
by Robert Hooke
1665
The theory of
evolution was put
forward by
Charles Darwin
Birth of the first
test tube baby,
Louise Brown
1953
1858
Invention of the
first completely
implanted
(完全植入)
artificial heart
1996
2003
1978
1862
Discovery of
3-D structure of
DNA by Watson
and Crick
Completion of the
first Chinese
genome map
2001
Birth of the first
cloned sheep,
Dolly
2007
Completion of the
Human Genome
Project (人類基因
組計劃)
 A timeline showing some important biological discoveries and inventions
4
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Exercise
In the 18th century, the British doctor Edward Jenner did an investigation on smallpox (天花) that
led to the development of vaccine (疫苗). His investigation is shown in the following diagrams.
1
3
a
Edward observed that milkmaids
2
Edward suspected that the milkmaids
never catch smallpox despite the
do not catch smallpox because they
widespread of smallpox.
have caught cowpox (牛痘) before.
Edward put some cowpox pus (膿) onto
4
Edward put some smallpox pus onto
the arm of a boy. The boy caught
the arm of the boy. The boy did not
cowpox but recovered soon.
catch smallpox.
State the steps of the scientific investigation involved in diagram 1, 2 and 3.
(3 marks)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
b
What hypothesis did Edward Jenner put forward?
(1 mark)
____________________________________________________________________________
c
What conclusion can be drawn from the result?
(1 mark)
____________________________________________________________________________
Total: 5 marks
－ END －
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5
Answers
Ch 1
Introducing biology
1.1
1
organisms / living things
1.2
1
Nutrition
2
Respiration
6
Reproduction
7
Excretion
3
Movement
4
Growth
5
Irritability
5
prediction
1.3
1
scientific methods 2
observations
3
question
4
hypothesis
6
experiments
control
8
conclusion
9
theory
7
Exercise
a
1: Making observation
1m
2: Proposing a hypothesis
1m
3: Doing experiment
1m
b
People caught cowpox before do not catch smallpox.
1m
c
People caught cowpox before do not catch smallpox.
1m
6
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