Spring 2006, Cornell University
Tuesday 2:30 – 5:00
White Hall B-06
GOVERNMENT 689:
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
Professor Christopher Way
Office: 306 White Hall
Office Hours: Thursday 1:30 – 3:30
Email: crw12@cornell.edu
Office Phone: 255-8920
Course Description: This course will examine a variety of international relations theories
in studying a broad range of security issues, including the causes of war, alliance
formation, balance-of-power politics, security regimes, nuclear and conventional
deterrence, the democratic peace, military strategy, international terrorism, and domestic
constraints on the use of force. We will use a variety of theoretical perspective to
investigate these and other issues, paying particular attention to evaluating the theoretical
arguments with both historical and systematic evidence. Undergraduates only with
permission of instructor. Although Govt 606 is not a pre-requisite, I assume students have
taken it (for example, readings are not repeated and I assume you are familiar with papers
such as Jervis’ “Cooperation under the Security Dilemma” or Fearon’s “Rationalist
Explanation for War”).
Requirements and Grading: Students are expected to do the required readings before
each session and participate actively in class discussion. Students can take this seminar as
a reading seminar with a take-home examination option at the end of the semester, or as a
research seminar with the option of writing a research paper which is due during exam
period. Students will each prepare two short (maximum 2 single-spaced pages) memos on
specific readings that will be distributed before class. Once during the semester each
student will be assigned the role of “author’s defendant” and should be able to defend
the merits of the week’s readings (or subset of the readings) in seminar by stepping into
the author’s shoes. This task includes serving as “resident expert” on the text, so that you
can be called on to explain or clarify questions other students or the instructor may have
about the readings
Government 689 - Spring 2006
Texts: Most of the journal articles are available on-line via the Cornell Library Gateway.
Quite a few of the readings are available on electronic course reserve for Government
689. Difficult to find book chapters are in Olin 405. The books can all be easily
purchased from any number of on-line vendors; in addition, you can probably find used
copies on-line at a considerable discount.
Course Schedule and Outline:
Week 1 (Jan 24). Introduction and logistics.
Week 2 (Jan 31). The Field of Security Studies
Concepts and Approaches
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David A. Baldwin, “The Concept of Security,” Review of International Studies (1997) 23:526.
Peter J. Katzenstein, “Alternative Perspectives on National Security,” chapter 1 in The
Culture of National Security (edited by Peter Katzenstein). pp. 1 – 32.
Knudsen, Olaf F. 2001. "Post-Copenhagen Security Studies." Security Dialogue 32 (3):355368
Steven Miller, “IS at 25,” International Security Summer 2001, 26:1 (pp. 5-39).
Historical Patterns of War
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Meredith Sarkees, Frank Wayman, and J. David Singer, “Inter-State, Intra-State, and ExtraState Wars: A Comprehensive Look at Their Distribution Over Time, 1816-1997.”
International Studies Quarterly, 47, 1 (2003): 49-70.
Mary Kaldor, New & Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era (2001), pp. 13-30 and
69-89.
Errol Henderson and J. David Singer. “New Wars and Rumors of ‘New Wars’” International
Interactions, 28, 2 (2002): 165-190.
Additional readings:
Barry Buzan, “Rethinking Security after the Cold War,” Cooperation and Conflict 32,1: 5-28.
Ethan Kapstein, “Two Dismal Sciences are Better than One – Economics and the Study of National
Security,” International Security 2002/3 27:3 (pp. 158-187).
Ralph Pettman. “Human Security as Global Security: Reconceptualizing Strategic Studies.” Cambridge
Review of International Affairs. 2005 18(1): 137-150.
R.D. Lipschutz, ed., On Security, chps. 1,8.
Buzan, Barry, Ole Wæver, and Jaap de Wilde. 1998. Security: A New Framework for Analysis. London:
Lynne Rienner Publishers
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Government 689 - Spring 2006
Knudsen, Olaf F. 2001. "Post-Copenhagen Security Studies." Security Dialogue 32 (3):355-368
McSweeney, Bill. 1996. "Identity and Security: Buzan and the Copenhagen School." Review of
International Studies 22 (1):81-93
Paul F. Diehl, “Chasing Headlines: Setting the Research Agenda on War.”
Conflict Management and Peace Science, 19, 1 (2002): 5-26.
K. Krause, “Critical Theory and Security Studies: The Research Programme of Critical Security Studies,”
Cooperation and Conflict 33,3 (1998): 298-333.
Jack Levy. "Analytic Problems in the Identification of Wars." International
Interactions, 14, 2 (1988): 181-186.
Claudio Cioffi-Revilla. “Ancient Warfare: Origins and Systems.” in Midlarsky,
Handbook of War Studies II, pp. 59-89.
John Mueller, “The Obsolescence of Major War.” in Richard Betts (ed.),
Conflict After the Cold War: Arguments on the Causes of War and Peace. (New York:
Longman, 2002), pp. 127-139.
Week 3 (Feb 7). Biological/Psychological Approaches
Biological Bases of Conflict?
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Stephen Rosen. War and Human Nature. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2005.
Chapters 1, 3, and 4. (pp. 1-26, 71-134).
Matthew Evangelista, “Rough and Tumble World: Men Writing About Gender and War.”
Perspectives on Politics, 1, 2 (2003): 327-334.
Richard C. Eichenberg, “Gender Differences in Public Attitudes toward the Use of Force by
the United States, 1990 – 2003,” International Security 2003 Summer, 28:1
Psychological Approaches
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Jack Levy, “Loss Aversion, Framing Effects, and International Conflict: Perspectives from
Prospect Theory” in Midlarsky, Handbook of War Studies II, pp. 193-221.
Jack Levy. "Misperception and the Causes of War: Theoretical Linkages and Analytical
Problems." World Politics, 36, 1 (1983): 76-99.
Stephen Rosen. War and Human Nature. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2005.
Chapter 2. (pp. 27-70).
Janice Gross Stein. “Image, Identity, and the Resolution of Violent Conflict.” In Turbulent
Peace: The Challenges of Managing International Conflict (edited by Chester A. Crocker,
Fen Osler Hampson, and Pamela Aall). Washington, DC: USIP Press. 2001. (pp. 189-208)
Additional readings:
Leonard Berkowitz. "Biological Roots: Are Humans Inherently Violent?" in Betty Glad (ed.),
Psychological Dimensions of War. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990, pp.24-40.
Joshua Goldstein, War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Mary Caprioli and Mark Boyer, “Gender, Violence, and International Crisis.” Journal of Conflict
Resolution, 45, 4 (2001): 503-518.
Robert Waite. "Leadership Pathologies: The Kaiser and the Fuhrer and the Decisions for War in 1914
and 1939." in Betty Glad (ed.), Psychological Dimensions of War. Newbury Park, CA: Sage,
1990, pp. 143-168.
Jervis, Robert, Perception and Misperception in International Politics (1976), Princeton University Press.
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Government 689 - Spring 2006
Alex Mintz, “How Do Leaders Make Decisions? A Poliheuristic Perspective.” Journal of Conflict
Resolution, 48, 1 (2004): 3-13.
Jonathon Mercer, Reputation and International Politics (1996), introduction, chaps. 1-2, 5-6.
Eric Stern, “Contextualizing and Critiquing the Poliheuristic Theory.” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 48,
1 (2004): 105-126.
Janice Stein. "The Misperception of Threat." in Robert Matthews, Arthur Rubinoff, and Janice Stein
(eds.), International Conflict and Conflict Management. 2nd edition. Scarborough, Ontario:
Prentice-Hall, 1989, pp. 30-44.
Richard Ned Lebow, Between Peace and War. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981, pp.
101-147.
Dan Reiter, Cruible of Beliefs (1996), chapters 1-2.
Week 4 (Feb 14). Systemic Approaches to Interstate War 1
Offense-Defense
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Stephen Van Evera, “Offense, Defense, and the Causes of War” International Security 1998
Spring, 22:4 (pp. 5-43).
Stephen Biddle, Military Power: Explaining Victory and Defeat in Modern Battle. Princeton:
Princeton University Press. Chapters 1 – 5. (pp. 1 – 107).
Balancing
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Jack S. Levy, “What Do Great Powers Balance Against and When?” in Balance of Power:
Theory and Practice in the 21st Century, edited by T.V. Paul, James J. Wirtz, and Michel
Fortmann (2004). Stanford University Press. (pp. 29-51).
Thomas J. Christensen and Jack Snyder, “Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting
Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity,” International Organization (1990, vol. 44), pp. 137 – 168.
Robert Pape, “Soft Balancing Against the United States,” International Security 2005
Summer, 30:1
Stephen Brooks and William Wohlforth, “Hard Times for Soft Balancing,” International
Security 2005, Summer 30:1
Additional readings:
Randall Schweller, “Unanswered Threats: A Necoclassical Realist Theory of Underbalancing,”
International Security 2004 Fall, 29:2 (pp 159-201).
Richard K. Betts, “Must War Find a Way? A Review Essay,” International Security1999 Fall, 24:2
T.V. Paul, “The Enduring Axioms of Balance of Power Theory and Their Contemporary Relevance,” in
Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century, edited by T.V. Paul, James J. Wirtz,
and Michel Fortmann (2004). Stanford University Press. (pp. 1-25).
Kevin Narziny, “The Political Economy Of Alignment,” International Security 2003
Kevin Narziny, “Both Guns and Butter, Or Neither,” American Political Science Review 2003 May 97:2
Ted Hopf. “Polarity, The Offense-Defense Balance, and War.” American Political Science Review 1991
85(2):475-93.
Kenneth Waltz. “The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory.” In The Origin and Prevention of Major Wars
(edited by Rotberg and Rabb). Pp. 39-52.
Levy, Jack. 1985. "Theories of General War." World Politics 37 (3):344-374.
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Government 689 - Spring 2006
Week 5 (Feb 21). Systemic Approaches to Interstate War 2
Power Transition Approaches
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Douglas Lemke and Jacek Kugler, “The Evolution of the Power Transition Perspective,” in
Parity and War (edited by Kugler and Lemke), pp. 3-33.
John A Vasquez, “When are Power Transitions Dangerous? An Appraisal and Reformulation
of Power Transition Theory,” in Parity and War (edited by Kugler and Lemke), pp. 35-56.
Douglas Lemke, “Theoretical Revision: Multiple Hierarchies,” chapter 3 from Regions of
War and Peace (pp. 48-66).
Revisionist/Status Quo States
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Randall Schweller, “Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In,”
International Security (1994), pp. ?-107.
Alastair Iain Johnston, “Is China a Status Quo Power?,” International Security (2003, vol.
27), pp. 5-49.
Jason Lyall, “Paths to Ruin: Why Revisionist States Arise and Die In World Politics,”
manuscript, Princeton University.
Additional readings:
Levy, Jack. 1987. "Declining Power and the Preventive Motivation for War." World Politics 40:82-107.
Robert Gilpin. War and Change in World Politics. 1981.
Roy, Denny. 1994. "Hegemon on the Horizon? China's Threat to East Asian Security." International
Security 19 (1):149-168.
Week 6 (Feb 28). Domestic Approaches 1
The Sources of Doctrine and Strategy
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Barry R. Posen. The Sources of Military Doctrine. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 1984.
Chapters 2 and 4. (pp. 34-80 and 105-140).
Elizabeth Kier. Imagining War: French and British Doctrine Between the Wars. Princeton:
Princeton University Press. 1997. Chapters 1, 2, and 4. (pp. 10-38 and 56-88).
Dan Reiter and Curtis Meek. “Determinants of Military Strategy, 1903-1994: A Quantitative
Empirical Test.” International Studies Quarterly (1999) 43: 363-387.
Alastair Iain Johnston. “Cultural Realism and Strategy in Maoist China.” Chapter 7 from The
Culture of National Security (edited by Peter Katzenstein). 1996. New York: Columbia
University Press. (pp. 216-268).
Week 7 (March 7). Domestic Approaches 2
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Government 689 - Spring 2006
Diversionary Theories
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Jack Levy. “The Diversionary Theory of War: A Critique.” In Handbook of War Studies
(edited by Manus Midlarsky). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 1993. pp. 259-288.
M. Taylor Fravel. “Regime Insecurity and International Cooperation: Explaining China’s
Compromises in Territorial Disputes.” International Security 2005 (Fall) 30(2):46-83.
Democracy
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Kenneth A. Schultz. Democracy and Coercive Diplomacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press. 2001. Chapters 1, 3, and 6.
Edward Mansfield and Jack L. Snyder, "Democratic Transitions, Institutional Strength, and
War" International Organization 56:2 (Spring 2002) pp. 297-337
National Identity
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Thomas U. Berger. “Norms, Identity, and National Security in Germany and Japan.” Chapter
9 in The Culture of National Security (edited by Peter J. Katzenstein). New York: Columbia
University Press. (pp. 317-356).
Jonathan Monten, “The Roots of the Bush Doctrine: Power, Nationalism, and the Promotion
of Democracy” International Security 29:4 (Spring 2005) pp.112-156.
Additional readings:
Jack Snyder, Myths of Empire (Cornell, 1991).
James Fearon. “Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Disputes.” American
Political Science Review 1994 88(3):577-592.
Reiter, Dan. 2003. “Exploring the Bargaining Model of War,” Perspectives on Politics 1 (March): 27-43
Richard Rosecrance and Arthur Stein, "Beyond Realism: The Study of Grand Strategy," in Rosecrance
and Stein, eds., The Domestic Bases of Grand Strategy (1993)
Jack Levy, "Domestic Politics and War," in Rotberg and Rabb, Origins and Prevention of Major War.
Joe Hagan. “Domestic Political Systems and War Proneness.” Mershon International Studies Review
1994 38(2):183-207.
James Fearon, "Domestic Politics," in Annual Review of Politics Science, Vol. 1 (1998), 289-313.
Hein E. Goemans, War and Punishment: The Causes of War Termination and The First World War
(Princeton UP, 2000), 3-52
Mark Peceny et al., “Dictatorial Peace?” American Political Science Review 2002 96:15-26
Dan Reiter and Alan Stam. “Identifying the Culprit: Democracy, Dictatorship, and Dispute Initiation.”
American Political Science Review 2003 97:333-338.
James Lee Ray. “Does Democracy Cause Peace?” Annual Review of Political Science 1998 1:27-46.
Week 8 (March 14). Democratic Advantage?
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Dan Reiter and Allan C. Stam. 2002. Democracies At War (Princeton University Press).
Chapters 1 - 3 and 5 - 6.
Michael C. Desch. 2002. “Democracy and Victory: Why Regime Type Hardly Matters.”
International Security 27: 5 - 47.
Risa Brooks. “Making Military Might: Why Do States Fail and Succeed? A Review Essay,”
International Security 2003 Fall, 28:2
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Government 689 - Spring 2006
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Stephen Biddle and Stephen Long. Democracy and Military Effectiveness: A Deeper Look
Journal of Conflict Resolution 2004 48: 525-546.
Week 9 (March 21). Spring Break!
Week 10 (March 28). Purpose, Honor, and Passion
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Martha Finnemore. The Purposes of Intervention: Changing Beliefs about the Use of Force.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 2003. Chapters 1 and 4-5. (pp. 1-23 and 85-161).
Barry O’Neill. Honor, Symbols, and War. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Chapters 2-7 and 9-10.
Neta C. Crawford. “The Passion of World Politics.” International Security 2000 Spring 116156.
Week 11 (April 4). Asymmetric Wars
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Samuel P. Huntington, "Patterns of Violence in World Politics," in Changing Patterns of
Military Politics (edited by Samuel Huntington). Free Press. 1962. pp.
Ivan Arreguin-Toft. How the Weak Win Wars: A Theory of Asymmetric Conflict. New
York: Cambridge University Press. 2005. Chapters 1-2, 6, and 8. (pp. 1-47, 144-68, 200-227).
Gil Merom. How Democracies Lose Small Wars. New York: Cambridge University Press.
2003. Chapters 1-4 and 8-9 (pp. 3-80 and 121-151).
Additional readings:
Andrew Mack. “Why Big Nations Lose Small Wars: The politics of asymmetric conflict.” World Politics
1975 27(2): 175-200.
Elliot A. Cohen. “Constraints on America’s Conduct in Small Wars.” International Security 1984
9(2):151-181.
Mao Tse-tung. On Guerilla Warfare. (translated by Samuel Griffith). New York:Praeger Publishers.
T.V. Paul. Asymmetric Conflict: War Initiation by Weaker Powers. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Michael P. Fischerkeller. “David Versus Goliath: Cultural Judgments in Asymmetric Wars.” Security
Studies 1998 7(4):1-43.
Week 12 (April 11). Internal Conflict
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James Fearon and David Laitin, “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War,” American Political
Science Review 2003 Feb 97:1
Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler. “Greed and Grievance in Civil War.” Oxford Economic
Papers 2004 56: 563-595
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Government 689 - Spring 2006
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David A. Lake. “International Relations Theory and Internal Conflict: Insights from the
Interstices.” International Studies Review 2003 5(4):81-89.
V. P. Gagnon, Jr. “Ethnic Nationalism and International Conflict: The case of Serbia.”
International Security 1994-95 19(3): 130-66.
William Reno. “African Weak States and Commercial Alliances.” African Affairs 1997
96(383):165-85.
James D. Fearon. “Primary Commodity Exports and Civil War.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 2005 49:
483-507
Richard Snyder and Ravi Bhavnani. “Diamonds, Blood, and Taxes: A Revenue-Centered Framework for
Explaining Political Order.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 2005 49: 563-597
Ashutosh Varshney. “Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Rationality.” Perspectives on Politics 2003
1(1):85-99.
Stathis N. Kalyvas. “The Ontology of ‘Political Violence’: Action and identity in civil wars.”
Perspectives on Politics 2003 1(3):475-94.
Collier, Paul, and Anke Hoeffler. 2004. “Aid, Policy and Growth in Post-Conflict Countries. European
Economic Review 48: 1125-45.
Michael Brown and Sean Lynn-Jones, eds., Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict (MIT, 1997)
David A. Lake and Donald Rothchild, eds., The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict: Fear, Diffusion,
and Escalation (Princeton, 1998).
James D. Fearon and David D. Laitin, “Violence and the Social Construction of Ethnic Identity,”
International Organization 54, 4 (Autumn 2000), pp. 845-877.
Barry R. Posen, "The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict," Survival 35,1 (Spring 1993): 27-48.
Chaim Kaufmann, "Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars," International Security 20,4
(Spring 1996): 136-75.
Ayoob, Mohammed. The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict, and the
International System. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995.
Weingast, Barry R. "Constructing Trust: The Political and Economic Roots of Ethnic and Regional
Conflict." In Institutions and Social Order, edited by Karol Edward Soltan, Eric M. Uslaner and
Virginia Haufler, 163-200. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998.
Week 13 (April 18). Arms Races and Arms Control
Arms Races
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Samuel P. Huntington. "Arms Races: Prerequisites and Results." Public Policy 1958 8:41-86.
Matthew Evangelista. Innovation and the Arms Race. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Chapters 1-2 and 6. (pp. 6-49 and 218-269).
Charles Glaser. “When Are Arms Races Dangerous? Rational versus Suboptimal Arming,”
International Security 2004 Spring 28:4 44-84.
Susan Sample. “Military Buildups: Arming and War.” In What Do We Know About War?
(edited by John A. Vasquez). pp. 165-195.
Arms Trade and Arms Control
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Eyre, Dana P., and Mark C. Suchman. 1996. Status, Norms, and the Proliferation of
Conventional Weapons: An Institutional Theory Approach. In The Culture of National
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Government 689 - Spring 2006
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Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics, edited by P. J. Katzenstein. New York, NY:
Columbia University Press
Emmanuel Adler. “The Emergence of Cooperation: National Epistemic Communities and the
International Evolution of the Idea of Nuclear Arms Control.” International Organization
1992 46:101-146.
Richard Price. “Reversing the Gun Sights: Transnational Civil Society Targets Land Mines.”
International Organization 1998 52:613-644.
Additional readings:
James R. Kurth. “A Widening Gyre: The logic of American arms procurement.” Public Policy 1971
19(3):373-404.
Stephen Brooks. Producing Security. Chapters 3-4 (pp. 47-128). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
2005.
Matthew Evangelista. “Issue-Area and Foreign Policy Revisited.” International Organization 1989
43(1):147-71.
Charles Glaser, “The Causes and Consequences of Arms Races.” Annual Review of Political Science, 3
(2000): 251-276.
Charles Glaser, “Political Consequences of Military Strategy: Expanding and refining the spiral and
deterrence models.” World Politics 1992 44(4):497-538.
Paul F. Diehl and Mark Crescenzi, “Reconfiguring the Arms Race-War Debate.” Journal of Peace
Research, 35, 1 (1998): 111-118.
Franklin, H. Bruce. 1988. War stars: the Superweapon and the American imagination. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Blanton, Shannon Lindsey. 2001. The Role of Arms Transfers in the Quest for Human Security. Journal
of Political and Military Sociology 29 (2): 240-58
Andrew F. Krepinevich, “Cavalry to Computer: The Pattern of Military Revolutions,” The National
Interest (Fall 1994), pp. 30-42.
T.H. Moran, "The Globalization of America's Defense Industries: Managing the Threat of Foreign
Dependence," International Security 15,1 (Summer 1990): 57-99.
R. Samuels, Rich Nation, Strong Army, 33-78.
William H. McNeil, The Pursuit of Power: Technology, Armed Force, and Society Since A.D. (Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1982).
Krause, K. (1998). Culture and Security: Multilateralism, Arms Control, and Security Building. Portland,
Ore, Frank Cass.
M. Evangelista, Unarmed Forces: The Transnational Movement to End the Cold War, chps.1,2,16,17.
Smith, Ron P. and Ali Tasiran. 2005. The Demand for Arms Imports. Journal of Peace Research 42 (2):
167-81.
Week 14 (April 25). Weapons of Mass Destruction: Proliferation
The Consequences of Proliferation
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Kenneth N. Waltz and Scott D. Sagan. The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed.
(2003, WW Norton & Company). Chapters 1, 2, and 3.
Paul Kapur, “India and Pakistan’s Unstable Peace.” International Security 2005 Fall, 30:2
Tannenwald, Nina. “The Nuclear Taboo.” International Organization 1999 53:433-68.
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Government 689 - Spring 2006
The Causes of Proliferation and the Non-Proliferation Regime
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Scott D. Sagan. 2000. “Rethinking the Causes of Nuclear Proliferation: Three Models in
Search of a Bomb.” In The Coming Crisis, edited by Victor A. Utgoff. Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press. pp. 17-50.
Chaim Braun and Christopher F. Chyba. 2004. “Proliferation Rings: New Challenges to the
Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime.” International Security 29:2:5-49
Alexander H. Montgomery. 2005. “Ringing In Proliferation: How to Dismantle an Atomic
Bomb Network.” International Security 30:2:153-187.
Additional readings:
Richard Betts, Nuclear Blackmail and Nuclear Balance (Brookings, 1987).
Thomas Schelling. 1960. “The Threat that Leaves Something to Chance.” Chapter 8 (pp.187-203) from
The Strategy of Conflict. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
T.V. Paul. 2003. “Systemic Conditions and Security Cooperation: Explaining the Persistence of the
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs. 16:1: 135-154.
Robert Jervis, The Meaning of the Nuclear Revolution (Cornell, 1989)
Bernard Brodie. 1959. Strategy in the Missile Age. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Richard Price and Nina Tannenwald. “Norms and Deterrence: The Nuclear and Chemical Weapons
Taboos.” Chapter 4 in The Culture of National Security (edited by Peter J. Katzenstein). pp. 114152.
Glaser, Charles, and Steve Fetter. 2001. "National Missile Defense and the Future of U.S. Nuclear
Weapons Policy." International Security 26 (1):40-92
Cha, Victor. 2002. "North Korea's Weapons of Mass Destruction: Badges, Shields of Swords?" Political
Science Quarterly 117 (2):209-30.
Barry O’Neill. “Nuclear Weapons and the Pursuit of Prestige.” Manuscript, UCLA.
Singh, Sonali, and Christopher Way. “The Correlates of Nuclear Weapons Proliferation: A Quantitative
Test.” Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2004 (December).
T. V. Paul. Power Versus Prudence: Why Nations Forgo Nuclear Weapons. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s
University.
John Mueller, "The Essential Irrelevance of Nuclear Weapons: Stability in the Postwar World,"
International Security 13,2 (Fall 1988): 55-79.
Robert Jervis, "The Political Effects of Nuclear Weapons: A Comment," International Security 13,2 (Fall
1988): 80-90.
Week 15 (May 2). Terrorism and New Security Issues
Terrorism
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Audrey Kurth Cronin, “Behind the Curve: Globalization and International Terrorism,”
International Security, (2003, vol. 27), 30-58.
Michael Mousseau, “Market Civilization and Its Clash with Terror,” International Security
(2003, vol. 27), 5-29.
Peter J. Katzenstein. "Same War--Different Views: Germany, Japan, and Counterterrorism."
International Organization 57 (2003): 731-760.
Robert Pape, “The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism,” American Political Science Review
2003 August, 97:3
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Government 689 - Spring 2006
Privatized Military
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P.W. Singer. Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry. Chapters 4, 6,
and 10-12. 2003. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. (pp. 49-70, 88-100, 151-205).
Additional readings:

Kendall Hoyt and Stephen Brooks, “Pathogens as Weapons: The International Security
Implications of Biological Warfare,” International Security 2003/4 Winter, 28:3
Ekaterina Stepanova. “Anti-Terrorism and Peace Building During and After Conflict.” In Peace Studies:
Critical Concepts in Political Science, vol 3. (edited by Matthew Evangelista). 2005 New York:
Routledge. (338-389).
David Laitin and Eli Berman. “Hard Targets: Theory and Evidence on Suicide Attacks.” 2005. NBER
Working Paper w11740.
Willem van Schendel and Itty Abraham, eds. Illicit Flows and Criminal Things. Bloomington: Indiana
University Press. 2005.
Anna Leander. “African States and the Market for Force: The Destabilizing Consequences of Private
Military Companies.” Journal for Peace Research. 2005
Eric J. Fredland. “Outsourcing Military Force: A Transactions Cost Perspective on the Role of Military
Companies.” Defence and Peace Economics. 2004 15(3): 205-219.
Marc A. Levy. “Is the Environment a Security Issue?” International Security 1995 20(2):35-62.
Daniel Deudney. “The Case against Linking Environmental Degradation and National Security.”
Millennium 1990 19(3): 461-76.
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