Sources for Bantu Tonology
Michael Marlo (U. Missouri)
David Odden (OSU)
Version -2 (pre-alpha)
This document provides bibliographic data for primary descriptive sources for the study of tone
in Bantu languages, organized by language. The reason for this document is, simply, that
scholars too frequently need to know something about the tone system of some Bantu language,
but may not know where to find the basic facts.
Our intent is first to list publications that are in principle accessible, e.g. books,
dissertations, journal articles, also online manuscripts if the item is unconditionally available to
anyone (but not privately circulated print manuscripts). The item should contain data created by
the author1, so not discussion / analysis-only articles that are based on other publications. This
does not mean that the data in the publication is new to that work: an author may well publish
particular forms in multiple papers, and we will include all such sources. The item should make a
substantial contribution to the systematic knowledge of tone in the language in question, so, for
example, an article about focusing in Matumbi which happens to mark tone would not be
included, since the article doesn’t add anything systematic to our knowledge of Matumbi tone.
The articles listed here do not all focus on a single language and are not all exclusively
synchronic, but they do should provide a substantial amount of synchronic descriptive data on
one (or more) languages.
This is an ever-changing work in progress, meaning that we will continue to add
publications. The document may also bifurcate into multiple essentially-identical files, as PDF,
Word document or XML file. We would appreciate knowing of additions and corrections: please
email us at <graphic>.
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Kikuyu
Armstrong,
Lilias
1967
Ngamambo [GF] Asongwed,
Tah & Larry
Hyman
1976
Bukusu
1974
1
Austen,
The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of
Kikuyu. Dawson of Pall Mall, for the
International African Institute, London.
Morphotonology of the Ngamambo noun.
In Larry Hyman, ed., Studies in Bantu
tonology, 23-56. Los Angeles: University
of Southern California.
Anatomy of the Tonal System of a Bantu
That is, transcribed and made available, though not necessarily elicited. Audio archivers might be mentioned, if
they are paired with transcriptions.
Cheryl
Bukusu
Austen,
Cheryl
1974
Kikuyu
Barlow, A
1960
Sukuma
Batibo,
Herman
1976
?
Beach, D
1924
Ruri
Becker, Lee & 1980
David
Massamba
Benson, T
1964
Kikuyu
Nyambo
Bickmore,
Lee
Bickmore,
Lee
1989
Nyambo
Bickmore,
Lee
1990
Nyambo
Bickmore,
Lee
Bickmore,
Lee
Bickmore,
Lee
Bickmore,
Lee
1992
Nyambo
Lamba
Gusii
Gusii
1989
1995
1997
1998
Language. Studies in African Linguistics
5: 21-34.
Aspects of Bukusu Syntax and
Phonology. Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana
University.
Studies in Kikuyu Grammar and Idiom.
William Blackwood & Sons, for the
Foreign Mission Committee of the
Church of Scotland, Edinburgh.
A New Approach to Sukuma Tone. In
Larry Hyman, ed., Studies in Bantu
Tonology, SCOPIL 3, 241-257. Los
Angeles: University of Southern
California.
The Science of Tonetics and its
Application to Bantu Languages. Bantu
Studies 2: 75-106.
Ci-Ruri Tonology (a Preliminary View).
Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 11.2:
147-207.
Kikuyu-English Dictionary. London:
Oxford University Press.
Kinyambo prosody. Ph.D. dissertation,
UCLA.
Tone in Kinyambo. In L. Tuller and I.
Häik, eds., Current Approaches To
African Linguistics Vol. 6,, 19-26,
Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
Branching nodes and prosodic categories:
evidence from Kinyambo. In Sharon
Inkelas & Draga Zec, The PhonologySyntax Connection, 1-17. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
Multiple phonemic stress levels in
Kinyambo. Phonology 9.2: 155-198.
Tone and stress in Lamba. Phonology 12:
307-341
Problems in constraining High tone
spread in Ekegusii. Lingua 102: 265-290.
Opacity Effects in Optimality Theory:
Evidence from Ekegusii. In T.
Hinnebusch and I. Maddieson, eds.,
Gusii
Bickmore,
Lee
1999
Namwanga
Bickmore,
Lee
Bickmore,
Lee
2000
Lungu
Bickmore,
Lee
2004
Lungu
Bickmore,
Lee
Bickmore,
Lee
2007
Lungu
Bickmore,
Lee
2007
Lungu
Bickmore,
Lee
2014
Namwanga
Lungu
Bemba
Bickmore,
Lee & Nancy
Kula
Nzebi
Blanchon,
Jean
Eshira,Massango Blanchon,
Jean
2000
2007
2013
1987
1988
Language History and Linguistics
Description in Africa, 107-115, Trenton:
Africa World Press.
High tone spread in Ekegusii revisited: an
optimality theoretic account. Lingua 109:
109-135.
Downstep and fusion in Namwanga.
Phonology 17: 297-331.
Tones and Glides in Namwanga. In V.
Carstens & F. Parkinson, eds., Advances
in African Linguistics, 135-149. Trenton:
Africa World Press.
H-Tone Lowering in Chilungu:
Phonological or Phonetic?” In J. Mugane,
ed., Linguistic Typology and
Representation of African Languages, 93101. Trenton: Africa World Press.
Cilungu Phonology. Stanford: CSLI
Publications.
High-toned Mora Insertion Between
Onsetless Morphemes in Cilungu. In D.
Payne, ed., Selected Proceedings of the
37th Annual Conference on African
Linguistics,. Cascadilla Press, Somerville,
MA.
Stem Tone Melodies in Cilungu. In
Nancy Kula & Lutz Martin, Proceedings
of the SOAS Conference on Bantu
Grammar. SOAS Working Papers,
London.
Cilungu tone melodies: a descriptive and
comparative study. Africana Linguistica
20. 39-62.
Ternary spreading and the OCP in
Copperbelt Bemba. Studies in African
Linguistics 42. 101-132.
Malcolm Guthrie et la tonalite des
nominaux nzèbi (PDF). Pholia 2: 47-73.
Relèvements tonals en eshira et en
masssango: Première approche d’une
tonologie comparée du groupe bantou
B.40. Pholia 3: 71-85.
Malinga
Blanchon,
Jean
Blanchon,
Jean
Blanchon,
Jean
1989
Punu
Blanchon,
Jean
1997
Kongo
Blanchon,
Jean
1998
X
Blanchon,
Jean
1999
Vili, Sangu,
Nzebi
Blanchon,
Jean & F
1984
Yoombi
Blanchon,
Jean & J.-N
1993
Eshira, Manji
Blanchon,
Jean & L
1997
Mongo
1961
2nd
Boelaert,
Edmond
Botne, Robert
2nd
Botne, Robert
1992
Luba
Burssens, A
1939
X
Laadi
1990
1992
1991
Le wumvu de Malinga (Gabon): tonalité
des nominaux (PDF). Pholia 4: 39-44.
The Great *HL Split in Bantu Group
B.40. Pholia 5: 17-29.
Nouvel examen de la tonalité des noms en
laadi de Brazzaville (H.16f). Pholia 7: 722.
Les formes nominales de citation à
préfixe Haut en pounou (Bantou B.43).
Journal of African Languages and
Linguistics 18.2: 129-138.
Semantic/pragmatic conditions on the
tonology of the Kongo noun-phrase: a
diachronic hypothesis. In Larry Hyman &
Charles Kisseberth, eds., Theoretical
Aspects of Bantu Tone, 1-32. Stanford:
CSLI.
‘Tone Cases’ in Bantu Group B.40. In
Jean Blanchon & Denis Creissels, Issues
in Bantu Tonology, 37-82. Köln: Rüdiger
Köppe Verlag.
Détermination des classes tonales des
pronominaux en Ci-Vili, I-Sangu, et INzebi. Pholia 1: 37-45.
Défini, Référential, et Générique en
kiyoombi (H.12b): étude synchronique.
Pholia 8: 7-26.
Les thèmes à initiale vocalique et la
tonalité due verbe conjugué en Eshira de
Manji (Gabon). Linguistique africaine 18:
5-49.
Persistance des tons en lomongo (PDF).
Aequatoria 24: 11-15.
Verbal prosody in Ciruri. Journal of
African Languages and Linguistics 12:
107-142.
Phonemic split in nɛn (A.44): a case of
tonal conditioning of glottalic ProtoBantu consonants. Afrika und Übersee
75: 207-225.
Linguistisch onderzoek in centraalKatanga. Het kíLúvà als toontaal. Kongo-
Luba
Burssens, A
1939
Shi
Burssens, A
1952
Haya
Byarushengo,
Ernest, Larry
Hyman &
Sarah
Tenenbaum
Cammenga,
Jelle
1976
Kele
Carrington, J
1943
Tonga
Carter, Hazel
1962
Tonga
Carter, Hazel
1971
Tonga
Carter, Hazel
1972
Kongo
Carter, Hazel
1974
Venda
Cassimjee,
Farida
1986
Xhosa
Cassimjee,
Farida
1998
MULTI
Cassimjee,
Farida &
Charles
1992
Kuria
2004
Overzee 5: 277-315.
Tonologische schets van het Tshiluba.
Antwerpen.
Tonologisch onderzoek van de possessief
met nominale stam in het Amashi (Kivu).
Kongo-Overzee 18: 351-363.
Tone, accent, and assertion in Haya. In
Larry Hyman, ed., Studies in Bantu
tonology, 185-205. Los Angeles:
University of Southern California.
Igikuria Phonology and Morphology:
Bantu Language of South-West Kenya
and North-West Tanzania. East African
Languages and Dialects 15. Cologne:
Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
The tonal structure of Kele (Lokele).
African Studies 2: 193-209.
Notes on the Tonal System of Northern
Rhodesian Plateau Tonga. London: Her
Majesty’s Stationery Office.
Morphotonology of Zambian Tonga:
Some Developments of Meeussen’s
System - I. African Language Studies 12:
1-30.
Morphotonology of Zambian Tonga:
Some Developments of Meeussen’s
System - II. African Language Studies 13:
52-97.
Negative structures in the syntactic tonephrasing system of Kongo. Bulletin of the
School of Oriental and African Studies
37.1: 29-40.
An autosegmental analysis of Venda
tonology. Ph.D. dissertation, University
of Illinois, Urbana-Champagne.
Isixhosa tonology: an Optimal Domains
Theory analysis. Munich: LINCOM
EUROPA.
The tonology of depressor consonants:
Evidence from Mijikenda and Nguni.
BLS 18, Special Session on the Typology
MULTI
Kisseberth
Cassimjee,
Farida &
Charles
Kisseberth
1997
Makua
Cassimjee,
Farida &
Charles
Kisseberth
1999
Makua
Cassimjee,
Farida &
Charles W
1999
Makua
Cheng, ChinChuan &
Charles
Kisseberth
Cheng, ChinChuan &
Charles
Kisseberth
Cheng, ChinChuan &
Charles
Kisseberth
Cheng, Lisa &
Laura
Downing
1979
Kikuyu
Clements, G
1979
Kikuyu
Clements, G
1981
Kikuyu
Clements, G
1984
Makua
Makua
Zulu
of Tone Languages, 26-40.
Optimal Domains Theory and Bantu
tonology: A case study from Isixhosa and
Shingazidja. In Larry Hyman & Charles
Kisseberth, eds., Theoretical Aspects of
Bantu Tone. Stanford: CSLI.
A Conspiracy Argument for Optimality
Theory: Emakhuwa Dialectology.
Proceedings of the 23rd Penn Linguistics
Colloquium, University of Pennsylvania
Working Papers in Linguistics 6.1: 81-96.
Tonal variation across Emakhuwa
dialects. In Shigeki Kaji, ed., Proceedings
of the symposium, cross-linguistic studies
of tonal phenomena, tonogenesis,
typology, and related topics, 261-287.
Tokyo: Tokyo University of Foreign
Studies.
Ikorovere Makua Tonology (Part I).
Studies in the linguistic sciences 9.1:3164.
1980
Ikorovere Makua Tonology (Part 2).
Studies in the linguistic sciences 10.1:1544.
1981
Ikorovere Makua Tonology (Part 3).
Studies in the linguistic sciences
11.1:181-202.
2007
The prosody and syntax of Zulu relative
clauses. In Nancy C. Kula & Lutz Marten,
eds., Bantu in Bloomsbury: Special Issue
on Bantu Linguistics. SOAS WPL 15, 5163.
Kikuyu Tone Shift and its Synchronic
Consequences. Linguistic Inquiry 10.2:
179-210.
In Didier Goyvaerts, ed., Phonology in
the 1980’s, 309-357. Ghent: StoryScientia.
Principles of Tone Assignment in Kikuyu.
Ganda
Cole,
Desmond
1967
Zulu
Cope
1970
Holoholo
Coupez André
1955
Totela
Crane, Thera
2011
Kgalagadi
Crane, Thera
Marie
2009
Tswana
Creissels,
Denis
1994
Tswana
Creissels,
Denis
1996
Tswana
Creissels,
Denis
1998
Swati
Creissels,
Denis
1999
Tswana
Creissels,
Denis
1999
In G. N. Clements & John Goldsmith,
eds., Autosegmental Studies in Bantu
Tone, 281-340. Dordrecht: Foris
Publications.
Some Features of Ganda Linguistic
Structure. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand
University Press.
Zulu Tonal Morphology. Journal of
African Languages 9.3: 111-152.
Esquisse de la langue holoholo. Annales
Sciences de l'Homme 12. Tervuren:
MRAC.
Beyond time: temporal and extratemporal functions of tense and aspect
marking in Totela, a Bantu language of
Zambia. Berkeley, CA: University of
California Ph.D. dissertation.
Tense, aspect, mood, and tone in
Shekgalagari. UC Berkeley Phonology
Lab Annual Report 2009. 224-278.
La tonalité des finales verbales et la
distinction entre formes verbales
conjointes et formes verbales disjointes en
tswana. Africana Linguistica XI: 27-47.
Conjunctive and disjunctive verb forms in
Setswana. South African Journal of
African Languages 16.4: 109-115.
Expansion and Retraction of High-Tone
Domains in Setswana. In Larry Hyman &
Charles Kisseberth, eds., Theoretical
Aspects of Bantu Tone, 133-194.
Stanford: CSLI.
Bimoraic syllables in a language without
vowel length contrast and without
consonants in coda position: the case of
Siswati (S.43). In Jean Blanchon & Denis
Creissels, Issues in Bantu Tonology, 153196. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
The role of tone in the conjugation of
Setswana (S.31). In Jean Blanchon &
Denis Creissels, Issues in Bantu
Tonology, 109-152. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe
Tswana
Creissels,
Denis
2008
Tswana
Creissels,
Denis, A
1997
Bukusu
De Blois, K
1975
Mongo
De Rop,
Albert
1958
?
De Rop,
Albert
Dickens,
Patrick
Doke, C.M
1963
Jita
Downing,
Laura
1990
Jita
Downing,
Laura
1995
Jita
Downing,
Laura
1996
Zulu
Downing,
Laura
2001
?
Downing,
Laura
Downing,
Laura
Downing,
Laura
2002
Kgalagadi
Zulu
?
?
1984
1926
2003
2003
Verlag.
Tswana verb morphology and the Lexical
Integrity Principle. Lingue e linguaggio 5.
49-66.
Tonal morphology of the Setswana Verb.
LINCOM Studies in African Linguistics.
Munich: LINCOM EUROPA.
Bukusu Generative Phonology and
Aspects of Bantu Structure. Tervuren :
Musée Royale de l’Afrique Centrale.
Grammaire du Lomongo (Phonologie et
Morphologie). Leopoldville: Editions de
l’Université.
Introduction à la Linguistique Bantoue
Congolaise. Brussels : Mimosa.
Qhalaxari verb tone classes. African
Studies 43: 109-118.
The Phonetics of the Zulu Language.
Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University
Press.
Problems in Jita tonology. Ph.D.
dissertation, University of Illinois,
Urbana-Champagne.
The metrical domain of register raising in
Jita: An optimality approach. In Francis
Katamba, ed., Bantu Phonology and
Morphology, 28-39 München: LINCOM
EUROPA.
The tonal phonology of Jita. LINCOM
Studies in African Linguistics 05.
Munich: LINCOM EUROPA.
How ambiguity of analysis motivates
stem tone change in Durban Zulu. UBC
Working Papers in Linguistics 4: 39-55.
Fitting focus phrasing into the Prosodic
Hierarchy. SOAS WPL 12, 111-133.
Compounding and tonal non-transfer in
Bantu languages. Phonology 20: 1-42.
Stress, tone and focus in Chichewa and
Xhosa. In Rose-Juliet Anyanwu, ed.
Stress and Tone - the African Experience.
Frankfurter Afrikanistische Blätter 15, 59-
?
Downing,
Laura
2006
?
Downing,
Laura
2008
?
Downing,
Laura &
Bryan Gick
Downing,
Laura J
Downing,
Laura, Al
Mtenje &
Bernd
PompinoMarschall
Ebarb,
Kristopher J
2005
2014
Shona
Ebarb,
Kristopher J.,
Christopher R
Fivaz, D
Kikuyu
Ford, Kevin C
1975
Rundi
Goldsmith,
John &
Firmard
Sabimana
Grégoire, H
1989
Lingala
Guthrie,
Malcolm
1940
Lingala
Guthrie,
Malcolm &
John
1988
Jita
Chewa
Idakho
Luyia
Myene
2014
2004
2014
1970
1991
81.
The prosody and syntax of focus in
Chitumbuka. ZAS Papers in Linguistics
43, 55-79.
Focus and prominence in Chichewa,
Chitumbuka and Durban Zulu. ZAS
Papers in Linguistics 49, 47-65.
Voiceless tone depressors in Nambya and
Botswana Kalang’a. Proceedings of BLS
27 (2001), 65-80.
Melodic verb patterns in Jita. Africana
Linguistica 20. 101-119.
Prosody and information structure in
Chichewa. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 37:
167-186.
Tone and variation in Idakho and other
Luhya varieties. Bloomington, IN:
Indiana University Ph.D. dissertation.
Luyia tone melodies. Africana Linguistica
20. 121-143.
Shona morphophonemics and
morphosyntax. Ph.D. dissertation,
University of the Witwatersrand.
The tones of nouns in Kikuyu. Studies in
African Linguistics 6.1: 23-48.
The KiRundi Verb. In Francis Jouannet,
ed., Modèles en tonologie, 19-62. Paris:
Editions du CNRS.
Premières observations sur le système
tonale du myènè-nkomi, langue bantou du
Gabon, B11e (PDF). Pholia 6: 107-129.
Tone ranges in a two-tone language
(Lingala). Bulletin of the School of
Oriental Studies 10.2: 469-478.
Lingala Grammar and Dictionary.
London: Baptist Missionary Society.
Kwanyama
Carrington
Halme, Riikka 2004
Ha
Harjula, Lotta
2004
Kikuyu
Harries, L
1952
Makaa
Heath, Daniel
1991
Fang
Hombert,
Jean-Marie
Hombert
Horton, A
1990
Hulstaert,
Gustaaf
Hulstaert,
Gustaaf
Hulstaert,
Gustaaf
1941
?
Hyman, Larry
1988
Chewa
Hyman, Larry
& Al Mtenje
1999
Chewa
Hyman, Larry
& Al Mtenje
1999
Yao
Hyman, Larry
& Armindo
Ngunga
Hyman, Larry
& Ernest
Byarushengo
1994
Luvale
Mongo
Mongo
Mongo
Haya
1949
1961
1966
1984
A tonal grammar of Kwanyama.Cologne:
Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
Handling tone in two-level morphology:
the case of Ha (PDF). Nordic journal of
African studies, v 13 (1), p 95-102.
Some tonal principles of the Kikuyu
language. Word 8: 140-144.
Tone in the Makaa associative
construction (PDF). In Stephen Anderson,
ed., Tone in five languages of Cameroon.
Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) &
University of Texas at Arlington.
Realisations tonales et constraintes
segmentales en fang (PDF). Pholia 5:
105-111.
A Grammar of Luvale. Johannesburg:
Witwatersrand University.
Tonetiek van lomongo en tshiluba (PDF).
Aequatoria 4: 56-58.
La persistance des tons en lomongo
(PDF). Aequatoria 24:102-105.
Grammaire du Lomongo. Phonologie,
morphologie, syntaxe. 3 vol. Tervuren:
Musée royal de l’Afrique central.
Syllable structure constraints on tonal
contours. Linguistique Africaine 1. 49-60.
Prosodic morphology and tone: the case
of Chichewa. In Harry van der Hulst,
René Kager & Wim Zonneveld, eds., The
prosody-morphology interface.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Non-Etymological High Tones in the
Chichewa Verb. Malilime: Malawian
Journal of Linguistics 1: 121-256.
On the non-universality of tonal
association conventions: evidence from
Ciyao. Phonology 11: 25-68.
A model of Haya tonology. In G. N.
Clements & John Goldsmith, eds.,
Autosegmental studies in Bantu tone, 53-
http://www.njas.helsin
ki.fi/pdffiles/vol13num1/lharju
la.pdf
Kalanga
Hyman, Larry
& Joyce
Mathangwane
1998
Nande
Hyman, Larry
& Nzama
Valinande
1985
Ganda
Hyman, Larry
M
1982
Ganda
Hyman, Larry
M
1982
Ganda
Hyman, Larry
M
1990
Ganda
Hyman, Larry
M
1990
Ganda
Hyman, Larry
M
Hyman, Larry
M
1993
Ganda
Hyman, Larry
M
2010
Ganda
Hyman, Larry
M
2010
Ganda
Hyman, Larry
M
2011
Ganda
Hyman, Larry
M
2011
Ganda
2005
103. Dordrecht: Foris.
Tonal domains and depressor consonants
in Ikalanga. In Larry Hyman & Charles
Kisseberth, eds., Theoretical aspects of
Bantu tone, 195-229. Stanford: CSLI.
Globality in the Kinande tone system. In
D. Goyvaerts, ed., African Linguistics:
Essays in memory of M.W. K.
Semikenke, 239-260. Amsterdam:
Benjamins.
An autosegmental account of Luganda
tone. Précis from the 13th Annual
Conference on African Linguistics,
Supplement 8 to Studies in African
Linguistics, 64-68.
Globality and the accentual analysis of
Luganda tone. Journal of Linguistic
Research 4. 1-40.
Spurious high-tone extensions in
Luganda. Journal of South African
Languages 10: 142-158.
The augment in Luganda tonology.
Journal of African Languages and
Linguistics 12: 1-45.
A new approach to tone in Luganda.
Language 69: 34-67.
The word in Luganda. In F. K. Erhard
Voeltz (ed.), Studies in African linguistic
typology, 171-193. Amsterdam: John
Benjamins.
Tone, syntax, and prosodic domains in
Luganda. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 53.
69-98.
Tone, syntax, and prosodic domains in
Luganda. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 53.
69-98.
The tonology of WH questions in
Luganda. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 55.
65-81.
The tonology of WH questions in
Luganda. ZAS Papers in Linguistics 55.
65-81.
Kgalagadi
Hyman, Larry
M
2011
Lamogi
Hyman, Larry
M
Hyman, Larry
M., Francis X
Johnson,
Lawrence
Jokweni,
Mbulelo W
2014
Nande
Jones, Patrick
Jackson
2014
Lungu
Kagaya,
Ryohei
1987
Pare
Kagaya,
Ryohei
1989
Pare
Kagaya,
Ryohei
1989
Bakweri
Kagaya,
Ryohei
1992
Tembo
Kaji, Shigeki.
1996
Chewa
Kanerva,
Jonni M
1990
Ganda
Nkore
Xhosa
1987
1976
1995
Tonal and non-tonal intonation in
Shekgalagari. In Sónia Frota, Gorka
Elordieta & Pilar Prieto (eds.). Prosodic
categories: Production, perception and
comprehension, 267-290. Dordrecht:
Springer.
Tonal melodies in the Lulamogi verb.
Africana Linguistica 20. 163-180.
Luganda and the strict layer hypothesis.
Phonology Yearbook 4. 87-108.
Devoicing, tone, and stress in
Runyankore. SCOPIL 3, 207-216.
Aspects of IsiXhosa Phrasal Phonology.
Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign.
Tonal interaction in Kinande: Cyclicity,
opacity, and morphosyntactic structure.
Cambridge, MA: MIT Ph.D. dissertation.
Tonal Patterns of Cilungu Predicate
Verbs. In Yasutoshi Yukawa, ed., Studies
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