Name _____________________________________
Date _______________
Period _____
Energy, Matter and Organization Review
Macromolecules
Macromolecule
Building blocks
(monomers)
What it does for
your body
Foods you get
it from
What would
happen to your
body if you didn’t
have it
Carbohydrates
Simple sugars
(glucose)
Energy!
Breads, grains,
Low energy
vegetables, fruits
Protein
Amino acids
Enzymes!
Build and repair
tissues
Meat, dairy, fish,
legumes, nuts
Lipids
Fatty acids
Energy storage,
cell membrane,
make hormones
Meat, dairy, nuts, Low hormone
oils
levels
Nucleic acids
Nucleotides
Storage and
Fruits, veggies,
transfer of genetic meat
info
Slow to recover
from injury, weak
muscles
Unable to grow
and repair
Classify each as a carbohydrate, protein, or lipid.
1. Carbohydrate
Starch
9. carbohydrate
2. lipid
Cholesterol
10.
3. lipid
Steroid
11. lipid
Glycerol
4carbohydrate
Glycogen
12. carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
5. protein
enzyme
13. carbohydrate
Cellulose
6.lipid
saturated fat
14. protein
amino acid
lipid______________
Which food molecule (monosaccharide, polysaccharide, lipid, protein) would you eat if…
15. …you needed a quick boost of energy?
monosaccharide
16. …you wanted to grow strong nails?
protein
17. …you haven’t eaten in days?
monosaccharide
18. …you wanted to grow healthy hair?
protein
19. …you had a race tomorrow afternoon?
polysacharide
20. …you were getting ready for hibernation?
lipid
21. …you wanted to get bigger muscles?
protein
22. …your next meal will be in a week?
lipid
Polysaccharide
Phospholipid
Name _____________________________________
Date _______________
Period _____
Enzymes
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?_____ Proteins_______________________________
What is the role of enzymes in the body? What are some types of jobs that enzymes do?
They speed up
chemical reactions in cells. They do the work of the cell – building molecules, taking them apart, etc.
What are some factors that may affect the rate of enzymes (Think about the amylase lab)?
concentration of the enzyme, concentration of the substrate
Temperature,
What happens to the function of an enzyme if the enzyme unfolds/no longer has its proper shape?
longer work – proteins and enzymes need their shape to work
It will no
Label (enzyme, active site, substrate, product) and explain the following diagram:
A = enzyme
B = active site
C = substrate
E = product
The enzyme (A) binds to the substrate (C). The part of the enzyme that touches the substrate is called the
active site. The enzyme then does its thing to the substrate (D). When it is done, it releases what it made – the product,
labeled E.
Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar in your mouth. What would happen if your body did not make
amylase?
Your body would not be able to break down starch into sugar – the starch would just pass
through your digestive system without you being able to get the energy from it.
Releasing Energy
What is Matter? ________matter has mass and takes up space ________________________________
What is Energy? ________energy is the ability to do work ___________________________________
Thinking about our scenario of burning and exploding grain factory, how are matter and energy related?
___Matter is made up of atoms, and these atoms are held together with bonds. These bonds also hold energy. Making
or breaking these bonds releases a lot of energy. __________________________
How is energy stored in plants? Plants store energy in starch molecules
How is energy stored in animals?
muscles) and in fat
Animals store energy in glycogen (like starch, but stored in the liver and
Cellular Respiration
Write the chemical equation for Cellular respiration. Name each molecule beneath its chemical formula:
equation: ______C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6 CO2 + energy
names: ________sugar and oxygen make water, carbon dioxide, and energy for ATP _____
Name _____________________________________
Date _______________
Period _____
What are the inputs for cellular respiration?_________ sugar and oxygen _______________________
What are the outputs for cellular respiration?________ carbon dioxide, water, and energy _________________
What is the “fuel” for cellular respiration? __________sugar ___________________________
Where does cellular respiration occur in the cell?________ mitochondria _________________
What happens to the energy released from glucose in cellular respiration?
energy) into ATP (high energy)
It is used to turn ADP (low
What is the role of ATP in ALL cells? ____It is the energy that is used to do the work of the cell. It is required for the
cell to be able to do anything and everything. ____________________________ _______________
What is the purpose of cellular respiration? Why do cells need it?
cells can use to do work (ATP)
It converts energy from food into energy that
Which organisms perform cellular respiration?______ plants and animals, fungi, some protists and bacteria
How is cellular respiration like the burning of fossil fuels or wood?
They both require a molecule with lots of
carbons to start out with as well as oxygen. They both make carbon dioxide and release energy
Photosynthesis
Write the balanced chemical equation for Photosynthesis. Name each molecule beneath its chemical formula:
equation: _____ 6H2O + 6 CO2 + energy from sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2
________________________
names: _______water and carbon dioxide and energy from sunlight makes glucose (sugar) and oxygen ____
What are the inputs for photosynthesis?___ carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight____________
What are the outputs for photosynthesis?______ glucose (sugar) and oxygen ______________
Where in the cell does photosynthesis happen? ______chloroplast_______________________
Describe the energy transformation in Photosynthesis: ______energy from sunlight is converted into potential chemical
energy ____________________________
What is the main purpose of photosynthesis in plants? _____make their own food __________
Where does photosynthesis happen in plants? ___chloroplast___________________________
Why is photosynthesis important for plants?
They use it to make their own food (gluose). That glucose then
goes to the mitochondria to get used for cellular respiration.
Why is photosynthesis important for animals?
Also, we breath in the oxygen.
Animals eat the plants, or other animals that have eaten the plants.
Name _____________________________________
Date _______________
Period _____
Experimental Design
Remember the independent/manipulated variable is the one that the scientist changes.
Remember the dependent/responding variable is the result – the one the scientist measures at the end.
Remember a control is a trial with no independent variable.
Remember the correct format for writing a hypothesis is if. . . then . . . because. If (the independent
variable) is related to (the dependent variable), then (your prediction).
Tiara wants to do an experiment to test whether all plants produce oxygen when they do photosynthesis and
float similar to the spinach discs in the leaf disc photosynthesis lab. To test her hypothesis, she punches out
discs of three different plants: spinach leaves, blades of grass, and apple tree leaves. In all three cases, she used
a syringe to vacuum out all of the air out of the leaves. She then put 20 of each type of leaf discs in three
separate beakers and measured the amount of time it took for all of the discs to produce enough oxygen in
photosynthesis to float.
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
What is the control trial?
The type of plant
The amount of oxygen made/photosynthesis/floating discs
The spinach leaves (kind of)
Why did she look for the leaves to float? What will the floating tell her?
The leaves float because they
are making oxygen gas. They make oxygen because they are turning carbon dioxide and water, in the
presence of light, into sugar and oxygen. The oxygen makes them float.
Write a hypothesis for this experiment using if. . . then. . . because format:
If all types of plants make
oxygen during photosynthesis, then the grass and the apple tree leaves will float because they make oxygen
in the light.
Wesley wants to do an experiment to test plant’s ability to do photosynthesis under different color lights. To do
this, he sets up four sprigs of elodea in four different test tubes filled with yellow BTB water. He puts one test
tube in front a red light, one test tube in front of a blue light, one test tube in front of a regular light, and one test
tube in the dark. He watches the test tubes to measure the amount of time it takes the BTB to turn blue.
What is the independent variable?
The color of the light
What is the dependent variable?
The time it takes photosynthesis to turn the yellow BTB blue
What is the control trial?
The test tube in the dark (no light)
Why does he use BTB water? What will the BTB tell him?
BTB tells him if the levels of carbon in the
water are changing. Watching BTB turn from yellow to blue will tell him when the plant has absorbed
enough carbon dioxide.
Write a hypothesis for this experiment using if. . . then. . . because format:
If the color of light has no
relationship with the amount of photosynthesis, then there will be the same amount of photosynthesis in the
red, blue, and regular light, meaning they will take the same amount of time to turn the yellow BTB blue.