Name ______________________________________________________________ Date ________________________ Grade 5 Practice Passages A Reading Passage 1 – Supporting Details, Setting, Figurative Language The hot sun hit against the sides of the metal canoe, and danced on the river's soft folds. Avery paddled forward, smiling at his son, who was sitting across from him. There is nothing quite like a quiet canoe ride on a lazy Sunday afternoon. Both father and son were getting very hungry, and soon they would stop to eat their peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. Avery remembered the canoe trips that he used to take with his own father. He thought of how his father's paddle would slap patterns into the river's glassy surface. It all came back in one intense memory: the smell of tuna fish sandwiches, the green-blue river lit up with sunshine, and the families of turtles, sunning themselves on the riverside rocks. Avery remembered the drive home: how he leaned against his father's shoulder as the sun was closing like a fiery eye. As the river turned, Avery wondered what his own son would remember and forget. The boy was looking dreamily into the trees that lined the side of the river. With firm strokes, Avery paddled onward. What did Avery eat with his father on their canoe trips? a. b. c. d. How does the setting change in this passage? Find an example of figurative language from this passage and tell what it means. fresh fish hamburgers tuna fish sandwiches peanut butter and jelly sandwiches Reading Passage 2 – Context Clues, Type of Writing, Main Idea Rachel lived with her mother in a faraway part of British Columbia. Her house sat alone atop a hill, and she was used to solitude. She liked the peace and quiet of being far away from everything, and she didn't mind playing by herself. Every morning Rachel woke up early with her mother so they could make it to school on time. It was a long drive down an empty road to get to the nearest town. Which of these means about the same as solitude in the passage? a. loneliness b. beauty c. happiness d. being alone What type of writing is this? What is the main idea of this passage? a. informational b. narrative c. persuasive a. Rachel and her mother lived far away from everything. b. Rachel lived with her mother in British Columbia. c. Rachel liked playing by herself. Reading Passage 3 – Context Clues, Antonyms, Genre Hubert and his father were lying on their backs looking at the stars. The sky was clear, it was almost midnight, and all the lights in the house were off. As Hubert's father told his son about the names and legends of the constellations, Hubert listened closely, fascinated by his father's astonishing stories. What is another way of saying astonishing as used in this passage? a. uncommon b. very interesting c. careful d. crazy Which word is an antonym for fascinated? a. interested b. attracted c. bored d. disliked Is a legend a fiction or non-fiction type of text? How do you know? Reading Passage 4 – Main Idea, Character, Genre Arachne was a poor farmer's daughter who lived in the country. She was very good at weaving. She could make beautiful fabrics with difficult designs. Her neighbors began to comment. They thought she had been taught how to weave by Athena. Athena was the goddess of wisdom and the arts. "That's not true at all," Arachne said. "Everything I know I have taught myself. Besides, my fabrics are much more beautiful than Athena's." The neighbors were amazed by Arachne's boasts. Soon Athena heard of Arachne's pride. She disguised herself so that no one could recognize that she was really a goddess. Then she challenged Arachne to a weaving contest. "I hear you weave fabrics finer than those of the goddess Athena," Athena said. "Finer and more colorful," Arachne claimed proudly, not realizing that she was talking to the goddess. "Well, then, let's see what you can do," Athena said. Although Athena worked more quickly and with more skill, Arachne still insisted her weaving was finer and more colorful. Athena was offended by her pride. "Since you are so in love with your weaving, why don't you spin forever?" Athena said. Almost instantly Arachne felt her head begin to shrink and her fingers begin to grow. Athena had turned Arachne into a spider. Since then it is said that all spiders have been punished for Arachne's pride. That's why they must live forever in the webs they weave. This myth mainly tells how… a. spiders learned to make webs b. Athena lost a weaving contest c. Beautiful fabrics are difficult to make d. Arachne was punished for her pride Which character trait describes Arachne? a. unlucky b. hard-working c. full of herself d. modest This passage is an example of… a. b. c. d. realistic fiction myth biography non-fiction Name ______________________________________________________________ Date ________________________ Grade 5 Practice Passages B Reading Passage 1 – Theme, Main Idea, Author’s Purpose Everyone knows the story of the fisherman who one day pulled a magic fish from the river. Not only was the fish huge, but it could also talk. It said in a small voice, "Fisherman, throw me back into the river, and I'll grant you three wishes." "I don't need any wishes," the man said. "My life is great just the way it is." And he threw the fish back into the river. The next day another fisherman came along. Again, the magic fish was caught. "Fisherman," said the huge fish in a small voice, "throw me back into the river and I'll grant you three wishes." "Hmm, let's see," said the man. "How about some lunch, fresh bait for my hook, and a new pair of boots without holes in them?" The fish granted the man his wishes and leapt back into the river. The next day yet another fisherman came along. News of the magic fish had spread throughout the village. All day he fished, and he caught lots of huge fish to feed his hungry family. But not a single one of them could talk. After a while, he started getting hungry too. Finally, he decided not to wait any longer. He would just have to choose -- eat well tonight or go hungry wishing for things he didn't have? When he thought about it that way, he decided to go home to his family. What is the main theme of this passage? a. A magic fish tries to find the river where it came from. b. A kind fisherman helps a magic fish. c. Three men get wishes. d. A fisherman learns the value of what he already has. Choose the best title for this story. What is the author’s purpose? a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. A New Pair of Boots The Three Fishermen The Man Who Waited So Long The Magic Fish, the Three Fishermen, and The One Who Went Home to persuade you to go fishing to give an opinion to tell a story that has a message to give you facts about fishing Reading Passage 2 – Inference, Mood, Antonyms The following passage is from the short story "A White Heron" by Sarah Orne Jewett The woods were already filled with shadows one June evening, just before eight o'clock, though a bright sunset still glimmered faintly among the trunks of the trees. A little girl was driving home her cow, a plodding, *dilatory, provoking creature in her behavior, but a valued companion for all that. They were going away from the western light, and striking deep into the dark woods, but their feet were familiar with the path, and it was no matter whether their eyes could see it or not. *dilatory: tending to postpone or delay; slow Based on the passage, what can you tell about the little girl in the woods? a. She doesn’t want to take her cow to the woods. b. She is afraid of the woods at night. c. She travels through the woods often. d. She feels hot in the woods in summer. What is the mood of the story? a. b. c. d. Calm and peaceful Dark and dangerous Bright and sunny Strange and mysterious What is an antonym for the word plodding? a. Walking b. Moving c. Rushing d. Poking along Reading Passage 3 – Inference, Fact, Supporting Details, Context Clues NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, first began making space suits for astronauts to wear on the Apollo moon-landing missions. Back then, they tailored each suit to fit each individual astronaut. Today, to save money and time, suits are no longer tailor-made. Parts such as arms, legs, and helmets are made in various sizes and then assembled to fit each astronaut. After each mission, the suits are taken apart again. Why does NASA no longer make tailored space suits? How could you prove this FACT? NASA first began making space suits for astronauts to wear on the Apollo moon-landing missions. a. The tailored suits are not safe as reusable suits. b. NASA now makes a single suit that fits all sizes. c. The tailored suits are too expensive and time-consuming to make. d. The tailored suits are not flexible enough for space shuttle operation. What does tailor-made mean? a. b. c. d. expensive made in just the right size made to be thrown away made in small pieces Reading Passage 4 – Supporting Details, Text Organization, Author’s Purpose For over a century, climbing Mount Everest was a great challenge. Early attempts at reaching the top of the mountain brought climbers to about 28,000 feet. But the mountain was just too high. The physical effects of high altitudes and the limitations of available equipment made attempts to reach the top impossible. In 1924, British climbers Andrew "Sandy" Irvine and George Mallory climbed past 28,000 feet. They were once seen nearing the top of the mountain but disappeared soon after. Whether or not Mallory and Irvine reached the top remains a mystery. Since their climb, many expeditions have gathered clues and tried to determine for certain whether the two reached the top, but none have succeeded so far. The top of Mount Everest was finally reached by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953. What made early attempts to reach the top of Mount Everest impossible? a. the mountain was very high b. the physical effects of high altitudes and problems with equipment c. the climbers’ fear and lack of experience d. some climbers disappeared while climbing Which best describes the text organization for the passage as a whole? a. problem and solution b. question and answer c. sequence d. cause and effect What is the author’s purpose? a. to convince you to climb Mount Everest b. to share a personal experience c. to persuade you not to go near the mountain d. to give you information about Mount Everest Name ______________________________________________________________ Date ________________________ Grade 5 Practice Passages C Reading Passage 1 – Main Idea, Inference, Text Organization The following passage is from the article "What Makes Geckos Sticky?" used by permission of TIME for Kids. It was written by Nelida Gonzalez Cutler. They run across ceilings. They zip up and down walls. What kind of crazy glue keeps geckos from tumbling down? For centuries, scientists were stumped. Now researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and Lewis and Clark College in Portland, Oregon, have solved the mystery. They not only discovered the secret behind the geckos' ability to dangle from walls, they've copied it! Scientists say what makes geckos stick isn't tacky glue or suction, it's geometry. "We've solved the puzzle of how geckos use millions of tiny foot hairs to adhere to even smooth surfaces such as polished glass," says scientist Kellar Autumn. Gecko feet are covered with millions of tiny hairs called setae (see-tee), which split into hundreds of even tinier branches. Each gecko foot has as many as 1 billion of these split ends. Researchers found that the angle the toe hairs make with a surface allows them to stick. As scientists watched films of geckos in action, they noticed that geckos curl and uncurl their toes to get them to stick to surfaces. "The gecko has this really unique way of taking its feet off the wall--it peels its toes like tape," says Autumn. Why the big interest in gecko "glue"? Researchers believe that a man-made version would be an ideal dry adhesive that could be useful underwater or in space. This August, researchers announced that they had made artificial hair tips that stick almost as well as the geckos' own. "Now we've got to make billions of them to get significant adhesive force," says engineer Ron Fearing. One thing is certain, it'll be a super glue: A million tiny setae, covering an area the size of a dime, would be strong enough to lift a 45-pound child! What is the main idea of this passage? a. Gecko feet have millions of setae, or tiny hairs. b. One millions setae could lift a 45-pound child. c. Scientists are studying geckos to see how they keep from falling. d. Scientists found a way to make a strong kind of glue. Why are scientists studying gecko “glue”? a. They are not sure what makes geckos stick to smooth surfaces. b. A man-made version of this “glue” could be used underwater or in space. c. A gecko can peel its toes off the wall like tape. d. They want to know what makes geckos different from other animals. How is this text organized? a. b. c. d. Question and answer Compare and contrast Chronological order Listing Reading Passage 2 – Genre, Supporting Details, Inference Aboulaye leaned back in his chair and grinned. He had just completed a new comic strip for publication in the Internet magazine where he volunteered after school. The young artist worked every day on this website for young people. He didn't get paid for his work, but the chance to create and learn was worth more to him than any amount of money right now. Drawing had always been Aboulaye's passion. Aboulaye was practically born with a sketchbook in his hand. For as long as he could remember, he was drawing comic-book heroes and making up characters of his own. Aboulaye would even draw in class while his teachers thought he was taking notes. Now he had the chance to draw for a website and learn web design. Aboulaye was sure that this was just the beginning. There was no limit to his dreams. This passage comes from what type of story? Why does Aboulaye do this type of work? a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. fantasy historical fiction poetry realistic fiction The job paid well. He wanted to help young people. He loved learning and drawing. His favorite kind of book to read was comic books. What does the author mean by… He was practically born with a sketchbook in his hand? a. He started drawing at a young age. b. He used to draw pictures of babies. c. He had a lot of sketchbooks. d. He drew pictures in class when his teachers weren’t looking. Reading Passage 3 – Types of Texts, Author’s Purpose, Fact/Opinion The St. Louis Gateway Arch was constructed between 1963 and 1967. It was based on Eero Saarinen's winning design for the 1947 architectural competition for the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial. The St. Louis Arch is 630 feet tall, and its two legs are 630 feet apart. Each leg has a unique rail system that carries visitors up to the viewing area at the top of the arch. From the top of the arch, you can see up to 30 miles in either direction. You would probably find this passage in….. a. a news article b. a biography of Eero Saarinen c. a guide to the architecture of St. Louis d. a guide to rail systems What is the author’s purpose? Which fact is not true? a. b. c. d. a. The St. Louis Arch was built about 20 years after Saarinen won the competition. b. The St. Louis Arch is as tall as it is wide. c. The St. Louis Arch won an architectural competition. d. It took 4 years to complete the St. Louis Arch. to persuade to inform to entertain to express Name ______________________________________________________________ Date ________________________ Grade 5 Practice Passages D Reading Passage 1 – Style, Context Clues, Inference The following poem, Robert Burns's "My Heart's in the Highlands," is from The World's Best Poetry edited by Bliss Carman My Heart's in the Highlands My heart's in the Highlands, my heart is not here; My heart's in the Highlands a-chasing the deer; Chasing the wild deer, and following the roe. My heart's in the Highlands, wherever I go. Farewell to the Highlands, farewell to the North, The birthplace of valor, the country of worth; Wherever I wander, wherever I rove, The hills of the Highlands forever I love. Farewell to the mountains high covered with snow; Farewell to the straths* and green valleys below; Farewell to the forests and wild-hanging woods; Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods. My heart's in the Highlands, my heart is not here; My heart's in the Highlands a-chasing the deer; Chasing the wild deer, and following the roe. My heart's in the Highlands wherever I go. *straths – areas of grass along a river valley How does the poet convey his love for the Highlands? a. He vividly describes the sounds of the region. b. He uses repetition and rhyme for emphasis. c. He describes the foods of the region. d. He focuses mainly on images of the forest. Use context clues to match each word with its meaning. roe courage rove female deer valor swift stream torrents roam What can you infer about the poet? a. He lives in the Highlands. b. He is wandering around in the Highlands. c. He lives somewhere else now and misses his homeland. d. He wants to chase the deer. Reading Passage 2 – Style, Main Idea, Supporting Details Rhapsody I am glad daylong for the gift of song, For time and change and sorrow; For the sunset wings and the world-end things Which hang on the edge of to-morrow. I am glad for my heart whose gates apart Are the entrance-place of wonders, Where dreams come in from the rush and din Like sheep from the rains and thunders. by George Reginald Margetson Why does the poet compare dreams to sheep? Why did the poet probably include a dash in the word to-morrow? a. To provide an image of the stormy emotions raging in the speaker’s troubled heart b. To provide an image of the speaker’s heart as a place that welcomes dreams c. To describe the weather that is occurring all day as the poet composes the poem d. To describe the beautiful images of the natural world that the poet appreciates a. Because he ran out of room on the line b. It was a typing mistake c. To match the word above it d. To stress the rhyme with sorrow What would be an alternate title for this poem? a. All the Wonderful Things b. Today and Tomorrow c. It’s Raining d. For My Heart Reading Passage 3 – Genre, Main Idea, Supporting Details In some Scottish fishing villages in the nineteenth century, the production of smoked haddock, a popular fish, was a family affair. Before the fishermen went out for the day's catch, their wives carried the men on their shoulders from the docks to the boats. This way, the men wouldn't get wet before they faced a long day at sea. While the men fished for haddock, the second job of the fishwives, as they were called, was to prepare hundreds of hooks for the next trip. The women and their daughters would bait the hooks while a previous catch was being prepared. The haddock were prepared by a process called smoking. The fish were hung on poles across pits that were dug into the beaches or the sides of cliffs. The women built fires in the pits and placed empty sacks over the pits to capture the smoke. Sometimes, the smoke from the pits would guide the fishermen home from sea. Often, the wives sold the smoked fish at markets. They had to get to the markets on foot, sometimes walking as many as twenty miles. When the fishing was done and the men had followed the trail of smoke home, the wives would show their appreciation for the new catch by meeting the boats and carrying their husbands back to shore. How do you know this is a nonfiction text? a. The characters are too extraordinary to be actual. b. The passage has the qualities of a legend. c. Scottish fishing villages are fictional. d. Actual places, practices, and people are described. What is the main idea of this text? Which detail supports the main idea? a. The second job of the fishwives was to prepare hundreds of hooks for the next trip. b. The wives and daughters of Scottish fishermen had a very important role in the fishing business. c. The wives of Scottish fishermen carried their husbands to work and back. d. Smoked haddock was a family affair. a. Smoke from the pits would guide the fishermen home. b. The boats were kept at the docks. c. The men faced a long day at sea. d. The wives and daughters prepared the haddock the fishermen had caught. Name ______________________________________________________________ Date ________________________ Grade 5 Practice Passages E Reading Passage 1 – Prediction/Inference, Supporting Details, Headings It's smaller than a quarter and weighs less than a grape. But unfortunately for the residents of Hawaii, it's louder than a lawnmower and cries all night. What is it? It's a kind of tree frog, known as a coquí (co-KEE) in Puerto Rico. It got its name from the sound it makes, which sounds like co-KEE, co-KEE. The Sound of a Frog People on the island of Puerto Rico are used to the sound of this frog. But it's a new creature in Hawaii, and it has been upsetting many people. They say they can't sleep at night because the frog is so loud. Unwelcome Newcomer Hawaiians are hoping to get rid of the unwelcome newcomer. The problem is, the frog has no natural predators. There are no creatures on the island that hunt it. What’s next? Some residents of Hawaii have started trying to catch the new invader, but it's small and becomes quiet when people come near. For now, the number of coquí frogs will probably just keep growing. What future problems do you predict that Hawaiians might have with the coquí frog? a. Travelers will bring other kinds of animals from Puerto Rico to Hawaii, so the coquí frog problem won’t be as important as it is now. b. The Hawaiians will be able to sleep. c. No creatures hunt the coquí frog in Hawaii, so the frog population could grow out of control. d. The Hawaiians will probably destroy the coquí frogs with poison. Which details supports your prediction? a. It got its name from the sound it makes. b. People cannot sleep because the frog is so loud. c. It is a new creature in Hawaii. d. The frog has no natural predators. Under which heading would you place this sentence? The coquí frog can be green, brown or yellow in color. a. What’s next? b. What is it? c. The Sound of a Frog d. Unwelcome Newcomer Reading Passage 2 – Genre, Main Idea, Supporting Details Do you like to read? Do you ever wonder how the letters end up on a page? What was reading like for people before we knew how to print books and type? Who was responsible for creating a way to put printed type on a page? In 1440, a man named Johannes Gutenberg began using the printing press in the Rhine Valley. He used blocks, each carved with a single letter on its face. The press used by Gutenberg was a hand press. He rolled ink over the raised surfaces of these blocks, which were held within a wooden form. Then the form was pressed against a sheet of paper. This invention spread across Europe. Because the press created books and written documents more quickly than handcopying had, people became much better able to explore ideas, pass along culture, express political opinions, and educate one another through books. Since then, we have made enormous strides in printing. Books and typed pages are readily available. Imagine what life would be like if we had only hand-copied versions of books! The printing press made putting type on a page much faster and easier than it had ever been before. Thanks to Johannes Gutenberg, you can read as much as you like! This passage can be described as _______. a. Nonfiction; about an important invention b. A set of instructions about how to make a printing press c. A description of current events in book publishing d. A fictional story about a young boy named Johannes What is this passage mainly about? a. Gutenberg used blocks, each carved with a single letter. b. Gutenberg wrote an important book about printing. c. Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press was important in the development of printing. d. Gutenberg created hand-copied books in 1440 in the Rhine Valley. Which detail supports the main idea of the passage? a. The invention spread across Europe. b. Then the form was pressed against a sheet of paper. c. People can educate each other through books. d. Books and typed pages are readily available. Reading Passage 3 – Fact/Opinion, Summary, Antonyms In 1999, the world's National Olympics Committees voted Brazilian soccer star Pelé number one in their top five Athletes of the Century. Born Edson Arantes do Nascimento in Tres Coraçoes, Brazil, in 1940, Pelé led the Brazilian national soccer team to World Cup victories in 1958, 1962, and 1970. In his career, he played in 1,363 matches and scored 1,282 goals. His best season came in 1958, when he scored 139 goals. Pelé is sometimes called "O Rei" or "The King." Many call him the undisputed master of soccer. He is famed for his speed, balance, and ability to control the ball. Not only was he a great athlete, he also published several best-selling autobiographies, starred in films, and composed numerous musical pieces. Which of these statements is NOT a fact? a. Everyone loves Pelé. b. Pelé is sometimes called “O Rei” or “The King.” c. In Pelé’s best season, he scored 139 goals. d. Pelé was born in Brazil. Which sentence would summarize this passage best? a. Pelé is called the undisputed master of soccer. b. Pelé wrote several books, starred in movies, and even wrote music. c. Pelé is a famous soccer star from Brazil who led his team to three World Cup victories. d. Pelé played 1,363 matches and scores 1,282 goals. What would be an antonym for the word undisputed? a. Certain b. doubtful c. unquestionable d. definite Name ______________________________________________________________ Date ________________________ Grade 5 Practice Passages F Reading Passage 1 – Fact/Opinion, Author’s Purpose, Inference Too Much Fun Everyone loves the thrill of playing games with the family. Why not enjoy those games every day at home? Whether words or action, mazes or phrases, you can access many Kidwhiz games anytime you like. Just sign up for a one-year membership with the Kidwhiz program. Over 100 games available, zapped to your home computer in a matter of seconds. Here is what some of our happy customers are saying: "Kidwhiz games are fantastic!" "You'll never be bored again." "The one-year membership makes it affordable and easy." "More people should take advantage of this great offer." Which of these statements is a fact from the advertisement? a. Kidwhiz games are fantastic! b. You’ll never be bored again. c. More people should take advantage of this great offer. d. There are 100 games available. What is the author’s main purpose? a. to interest you in signing up for a membership b. to give information about Kidwhiz games c. to help people understand their computers better d. to ask for your opinion What can you infer about the Kidwhiz game? a. The whole family can play at once b. It takes one year to learn the game c. It does not cost any money. d. It is a computer game Reading Passage 2 – Facts, Details, Suffixes Do you know that Hawaii was the last state to enter the union? Hawaii became our nation's 50th state on August 21, 1959. Although Hawaii came under U.S. protection in 1898, it took many years for statehood to be granted. And the reason was the same one that our country's founders had fought for in the Revolutionary War: taxation without representation. In other words, Hawaii's residents were paying taxes to the federal government, but didn't also have the right to vote in federal elections. Which of these facts is true according to the passage? a. Hawaii was the first state to enter the union. b. Hawaii is famous for its sugar. c. One advantage of statehood is that Hawaiians gained the right to vote. d. Hawaii became a state in 1898. What was the problem Hawaiians were concerned about? a. They had to wait so long to join the union. b. Too many people were coming to Hawaii. c. They were being taxed unfairly. d. They had fought in the Revolutionary War. Use the meaning of the suffix –hood to find the meaning of statehood. a. condition of being a state b. taking from the state c. becoming a state for the second time d. one who states Reading Passage 3 – Facts/Opinion, Author’s Purpose, Inference Too Much Fun Everyone loves the thrill of playing games with the family. Why not enjoy those games every day at home? Whether words or action, mazes or phrases, you can access many Kidwhiz games anytime you like. Just sign up for a one-year membership with the Kidwhiz program. Over 100 games available, zapped to your home computer in a matter of seconds. Here is what some of our happy customers are saying: "Kidwhiz games are fantastic!" "You'll never be bored again." "The one-year membership makes it affordable and easy." "More people should take advantage of this great offer." Which of these statements is a fact from the advertisement? a. Kidwhiz games are fantastic! b. You’ll never be bored again. c. More people should take advantage of this great offer. d. There are 100 games available. What is the author’s main purpose? a. to interest you in signing up for a membership b. to give information about Kidwhiz games c. to help people understand their computers better d. to ask for your opinion What can you infer about the Kidwhiz game? a. The whole family can play at once b. It takes one year to learn the game c. It does not cost any money. d. It is a computer game Reading Passage 4 – Fact/Opinion, Context Clues George Washington (1732-1799) was born into a wealthy Virginia family. He showed an early skill at surveying, and when he was seventeen, he took a job as a surveyor for Culpeper County. This was the beginning of a life of many accomplishments, which included serving as commander in chief of the Virginia militia. In 1775, Washington was appointed commander in chief of the Continental Army, and the rest, as they say, is history. Which of these is NOT an opinion? a. Washington went to work as a surveyor when he was seventeen. b. Washington is America’s favorite president. c. Washington was a fearless commander in chief. d. Washington was an excellent surveyor. Which of these is a FACT from the passage? a. George Washington was born in 1799. b. George Washington’s family was the richest family in America. c. George Washington was the commander of the Virginia army. d. George Washington was an excellent surveyor. What does the phrase the rest is history mean? a. He was the first president in the history of the USA. b. Everything after that is written in history books. c. Washington’s army won the battle. d. Wait until history class to learn the rest of the story.