Figure Legends
Fig. S-1.
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) analysis of biofilms on three types of
cube and prism specimens (NC, FA and SP)
Fig. S-2.
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) analysis of biofilms on three types
of cube and prism specimens (NC, FA and SP)
Fig. S-3.
Neighbor-joining tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of
bacterial isolated from NC specimens, showing phylogenetic
relationships between sequences of the bacterial group Firmicutes.
Leuconostoc durionis was used as a bacterial out- group. Numbers
at nodes indicate bootstrap values >50 % from 1,000 replicates.
Accession numbers of Genbank closest relatives are given in
parentheses. The scale bar indicates sequence divergence.
Fig. S-4.
Neighbor-joining tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of
bacterial isolated from FA concrete specimens, showing
phylogenetic relationships between sequences of the bacterial
group Firmicutes. Carnobacterium alterfunditum was used as a
bacterial out-group. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap values
>50 % from 1,000 replicates. Accession numbers of Genbank
closest relatives are given in parentheses. The scale bar indicates
sequence divergence.
Fig. S-5.
Neighbor-joining tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of
bacterial isolated from SP concrete specimens, showing
phylogenetic relationships between sequences of the bacterial
group Firmicutes. Lactobacillus acetotolerans was used as a
bacterial out-group. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap values
>50 % from 1,000 replicates. Accession numbers of Genbank
closest relatives are given in parentheses. The scale bar indicates
sequence divergence.
Fig. S-6.
Epifluorescence micrographs of the biofilm on 1 day seawater
exposed cylindrical mortar specimens of NC (a) FA (b) SP (c)
Fig. S-7.
Scanning Electron Micrographs of control cylindrical mortar
specimens of NC (a) FA (b) SP (c) not exposed to seawater
Fig. S-8.
Percentage of weight loss for three types of cylindrical mortar
specimens NC (a) FA (b) SP (c) exposed for 30 days in seawater in
the laboratory
Fig. S-9.
Calcium leaching of three types of cylindrical mortar specimens
(NC, FA and SP) exposed for 30 days in seawater in the
laboratory
Fig. S-10.
Percentage of weight loss for three types of cylindrical mortar
specimens NC (a) FA (b) SP (c) exposed to pure culture of fungi
Fig. S-1.
3
10
TDS of cube and prism specimen exposed in sea water
2
10
NC
NC
FA SP
FA
NC
SP
FA
mg/cm
2
NC FA SP
SP
NC
FA
SP
1
10
0
10
60 day Cube
190 day Cube
190 day Prism 360 day Cube 360 day Prism
Fig. S-2.
3
10
TSS of cube and prism specimen exposed in sea water
2
10
NC
NC
NC
SP
1
10
FA
NC
SP
FA
SP
NC
FA
SP
mg/cm
2
FA
FA
SP
0
10
-1
10
60 day Cube
190 day Cube 190 day Prism 360 day Cube 360 day Prism
Fig. S-3.
Fig. S-4.
Fig. S-5.
Fig. S-6.
a
b
c
Fig. S-7.
a
b
c
Fig. S-8.
1
10
Weight loss of mortar specimen exposed in sea water
NC
SP
Percentage of Weight Loss
0
10
FA
-1
10
-2
10
30 days
Fig. S-9.
4
10
Calcium leaching in mortar specimen exposed in sea water
3
10
FA
mg/cm
2
NC
2
10
1
10
0
10
30 days
SP
Fig. S-10.
2
10
Percentage of weight loss
Cylindrical mortar specimens exposed in
fungal culture
1
10
NC
NC
NC
FA
SP
FA
SP
FA
SP
0
10
-1
10
60 days
90 days
300 days