Ch 12 & 13 Review
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. An area where no direct seismic waves from a particular earthquake can be detected is called
a. an inactive fault zone.
c. a shadow zone.
b. the mesosphere.
d. the atmosphere.
____
2. The composition of Earth’s interior affects
a. how long an earthquake will last.
b. the speed and direction of seismic waves.
c. the location of an earthquake’s focus.
d. the strength of an earthquake.
____
3. What are the fastest body waves?
a. P waves
b. T waves
c. S waves
d. Q waves
4. Rayleigh waves cause the ground to move
a. in a horizontal direction.
b. in a back-and-forth direction.
c. in a jerky, up-and-down motion.
d. in an elliptical, rolling motion.
____
____
5. Earthquakes generally occur at plate boundaries, where
a. stress on rocks is greatest.
c. stress on rocks is low.
b. the most rock is found.
d. magnetic pull is greatest.
____
6. On the modified Mercalli scale, how is intensity XII described?
a. felt by only a few people indoors
c. causes damage to ordinary buildings
b. causes light to moderate damage
d. causes total destruction
____
7. Which scale more accurately measures the magnitude of large earthquakes?
a. modified Mercalli scale
c. moment magnitude scale
b. Richter scale
d. Mohs scale
____
8. A modern seismograph consists of
a. three sensing devices.
b. four sensing devices.
____
c. two sensing devices.
d. 10 sensing devices.
9. To find the distance to an earthquake’s epicenter, scientists
a. chart the lag time between preshocks and aftershocks.
b. use radio wave detection devices.
c. analyze the arrival times of the P waves and S waves.
d. analyze the arrival times of the Love waves and Rayleigh waves.
____ 10. To locate the epicenter of earthquakes, scientists use computers to
a. analyze hypotheses and theories.
b. perform triangulations based on data from seismograph stations.
c. detect vibrations.
d. determine magnitude and intensity.
____ 11. If you are in a car during an earthquake, you should
a. drive toward a bridge.
c. get out and run.
b. stop the car in a safe place.
d. park near a tall building.
____ 12. What are food, water, flashlights, and a portable radio needed for?
a. measuring surface waves
c. finding shadow zones
b. preparing for earthquakes
d. predicting earthquakes
____ 13. What happens to tsunamis as they move toward shore?
a. The decrease in height.
c. They turn into riptides.
b. They die out.
d. They increase in height.
____ 14. If you are indoors during an earthquake, you should
a. stay away from windows.
c. scream and panic.
b. get on top of a desk or table.
d. get outside fast.
____ 15. During a major earthquake, buildings
a. always remain standing.
b. do not move.
c. may sway or collapse.
d. are never damaged.
____ 16. Which of the following is true of earthquake prediction?
a. It is unreliable.
c. Scientists do not attempt it.
b. It is impossible.
d. It is not important.
____ 17. Which method is NOT used to predict earthquakes?
a. detect changes in rock
c. assess building damage
b. monitor natural gas seepage
d. record foreshocks
____ 18. Which of the following is NOT a cause of tsunamis?
a. volcanic eruption
c. undersea landslide
b. tornado
d. undersea earthquake
____ 19. If you are indoors during an earthquake, you should
a. stand near a window.
c. crouch under a desk.
b. stand on top of a desk.
d. get outdoors fast.
____ 20. At what location does the first motion of an earthquake occur?
a. the focus
c. the mantle
b. the seismic gap
d. the epicenter
____ 21. A foreshock is
a. a major earthquake.
b. a small earthquake.
c. another name for seismic gap.
d. a precursor to a tsunami.
____ 22. How does the structure of Earth’s interior affect seismic waves?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It can increase the power of seismic waves exponentially.
It can send seismic waves into shadow zones and seismic gaps.
It can affect the speed and direction of seismic waves.
It can change seismic waves into dangerous earthquakes.
____ 23. P waves are also known as
a. secondary waves.
b. compression waves.
c. Love waves.
d. Rayleigh waves.
____ 24. How do scientists find the epicenter of an earthquake?
a. by comparing arrival times of P waves and S waves at several seismograph stations
b. by digging at several locations and comparing data
c. by comparing departure times of P waves and S waves at several seismograph stations
d. by reviewing satellite photos of tsunamis
____ 25. Which of the following are studied to forecast earthquakes?
a. movements of the planets, bird migration, air temperature
b. barometric pressure, ocean currents, glacial patterns
c. animal behavior, environmental changes, weather patterns
d. seismic gaps, foreshocks, rock changes
____ 26. Why do earthquakes usually occur at plate boundaries?
a. The rock on the edges of tectonic plates is soft and gives in easily to various pressures.
b. Rock in environments near tectonic plate boundaries experience great stress.
c. The boundaries between tectonic plates have been seismically active for millions of years.
d. Rock in environments near tectonic plate boundaries experience little stress.
____ 27. What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
a. the location along a fault where the first motion of an earthquake occurs
b. a seismic wave that travels along the surface of Earth
c. the point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s focus
d. the last place that motion in an earthquake is detected
____ 28. Which of the following can affect how a building responds to seismic waves?
a. the type of roof the building has
b. the type of ground beneath the building
c. the type of electrical system the building has
d. the type of windows the building has
____ 29. What is elastic rebound?
a. the sudden return of deformed rock to its undeformed shape
b. the gradual return of deformed rock to its undeformed shape
c. the sudden return of undeformed rock to its deformed shape
d. the gradual return of undeformed rock to its deformed shape
____ 30. When seismologists record arrival times of P waves and S waves at several seismograph stations, they are
looking for the earthquake’s
a. magnitude.
c. epicenter.
b. intensity.
d. focus.
____ 31. S waves are also known as
a. Love waves.
b. compression waves.
c. shear waves.
d. Rayleigh waves.
____ 32. What causes tsunamis?
a. magnetic pole shifts, seismic gaps, extreme tides during winter
b. tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, landslides
c. changes in Earth’s ozone layer, world climate changes, glaciers
d. undersea earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions
____ 33. Which of the following rules should be followed before and after an earthquake?
a. stay cautious, follow instructions
c. panic, clean up quickly
b. be prepared, be cautious
d. move outdoors, buy supplies
____ 34. Through what type of materials do P waves travel fastest?
a. very rigid, brittle materials
b. hot lava
c. liquids and gases
d. very rigid, not easily compressed materials
____ 35. What effect does Earth’s interior have on P waves and S waves?
a. It can send them into seismic gaps.
b. It can absorb P waves, but not S waves.
c. It has virtually no effect, especially on P waves.
d. It can affect the speed and direction of the waves.
____ 36. Which of the following do scientists study in their efforts to forecast earthquakes?
a. seismic gaps, rock changes, foreshocks
b. bird migration, animal behavior patterns, human behavior patterns
c. the solar system, air testing, rock samples
d. barometric pressure, rock alignment, prevailing winds
____ 37. Fault zones form at plate boundaries because
a. seismic gaps and shadow zones form there.
b. very little rock stress and strain occur there.
c. intense stress occurs there when the plates separate, collide, subduct, or slide past each
other.
d. they have a long geologic history of occurring in the same places.
____ 38. Where does the first motion of an earthquake occur?
a. fault
c. epicenter
b. focus
d. locus
Ch 13 Review
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. If the temperature of rock rises above the melting point of the minerals the rock is composed of
a. the melting point of rock decreases.
c. the minerals will evaporate.
b. the melting point of rock increases.
d. the rock will melt.
____
2. This area is both a major earthquake zone and volcano zone.
a. Pacific Ring of Volcanoes
c. Oceanic Ring of Fire
b. Pacific Ring of Fire
d. Pacific Island Arc
____
3. When an underwater volcano erupts, the magma cools quickly, forming
a. pillow lava.
c. fissures.
b. island arcs.
d. vents.
____
4. What forms on the ocean floor in a subduction zone?
a. hot spot
c. lithosphere
b. mantle plume
d. trench
____
5. Magma that is rich in magnesium and iron is called
a. pyroclastic.
c. composite.
b. mafic.
d. felsic.
____
6. Magma that is rich in feldspar and silica is called
a. pyroclastic.
c. composite.
b. mafic.
d. felsic.
____
7. Pyroclastic material less than 0.25 mm in diameter is called
a. a volcanic bomb.
c. volcanic ash.
b. a volcanic block.
d. volcanic dust.
____
8. Composite volcanoes are also known as
a. stratovolcanoes.
b. cinder cones.
____
c. craters.
d. shield volcanoes.
9. When the temperature of rock rises above its melting point,
a. magma will form.
c. magma will not form.
b. the melting point will increase.
d. the melting point will decrease.
____ 10. A large depression formed by the collapse of a volcanic cone is called a
a. crater.
c. pluton.
b. caldera.
d. trench.
____ 11. Volcanic ash, dust, blocks, bombs, and lapilli are all
a. felsic lava.
c. mafic lava.
b. pyroclastic materials.
d. pahoehoe.
____ 12. Which of the following is NOT a major volcano cone type?
a. cinder cone
c. shield
b. composite
d. mantle plume
____ 13. The eruption of Mount St. Helens was
a. an oceanic volcano.
b. a quiet eruption.
c. an explosive eruption.
d. a stratovolcano.
____ 14. When oceanic lithosphere subducts beneath oceanic lithosphere,
a. a fissure will form.
c. an island arc forms.
b. aa lava is produced.
d. more lithosphere is produced.
____ 15. Pillow lava forms
a. along a tectonic plate.
b. on a mid-ocean ridge.
c. below a caldera.
d. on a cinder cone.
____ 16. What island is cut by a fissure breaking it into two parts?
a. Japan
c. Iceland
b. Hawaii
d. Grand Cayman
____ 17. Any activity that includes the movement of magna to Earth’s surface is called
a. a vent.
c. volcanism.
b. a volcano.
d. lava.
____ 18. The three primary tectonic settings are zones near convergent and divergent tectonic plates, subduction zones,
and
a. mid-ocean ridges.
c. oceanic plates.
b. island arcs.
d. trench zones.
____ 19. A large circular depression that forms when the magma chamber below a volcano partially empties, causing
the ground above it to sink, is called a
a. crater.
c. cone.
b. caldera.
d. crust.
____ 20. When lava cools rapidly, a crust forms on the surface of the flow. If the flow continues, the crust wrinkles and
forms volcanic rock known as
a. aa.
c. blocky lava.
b. pahoehoe.
d. lapilli.
____ 21. An area of volcanic activity far from a tectonic plate boundary is called a(n)
a. hot spot.
c. island arc.
b. cone.
d. mantle plume.
____ 22. Large plutons that can cover an area as large as 100 km2 are called
a. dikes.
c. batholiths.
b. necks.
d. igneous.