
The particular set or community of living things, together with its habitat, make up an ecosystem; ecosystems differ from place to place because of different sets of conditions

Organisms depend on other organisms for survival and this dependency includes relationships of, for example, competition, predation, collaboration, parasitism, pollination, reproduction and parenting

The flow of energy between living organisms can be shown in simple food chains.

Ecosystems are intricate systems of relationships and in many cases are particularly sensitive to human activity such as disposal of wastes that affect land, water and air.

The sea is an environment which contains both living and non-living things

Communities are made up of organisms living in the same place at the same time.
They may be in a predator/prey relationship or they may protect one another as within a family group

Plants in a marine environment require sufficient sunlight and carbon dioxide to carry out the process of photosynthesis, the process whereby they make their own food.

Living things depend on other living things and on non-living things such as water, soil and a suitable temperature, for their survival.

Living things have adaptations such as structures and behaviours that enable them to live in their particular habitat.

Groups of certain kinds of animals work together or with other kinds of animals in ways that help survival, for example, when foraging or hunting or for protection.

Animals in a marine environment require a place to live or habitat, a source of food, a supply of oxygen and a place to escape predators

Living things reproduce in order for their kind to survive

Non -living things are the water, rocks, sand, dissolved gases and aspects of the weather such as wind and rain. Non-living things may assist the survival of organisms by providing a habitat, or protection from predators. Aspects of weather may cause changes to habitats and put the survival of organisms at risk

Human intervention such as depositing waste and rubbish in marine ecosystems puts the survival of living things at risk

If conditions are changed too much, living things can become endangered or eventually extinct.

Indigenous peoples have usually worked within their environment in ways that have tended to preserve relationships within ecosystems
 Plants also require oxygen and mechanisms to protect themselves from predators and non-living aspects of the environment.

Human intervention such as depositing waste and rubbish in marine ecosystems puts the survival of living things at risk

Conservation is necessary to preserve marine environments