Name ___________________
CWID_______________
MICR 2123: Final Exam (July 28, 2011)
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Each question is worth 5 points.
_c_ __ 1. Cells that have the ability to take up DNA from their environment are said to be :
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Hfr cells
mutants cells
competent cells
transducing cells
healthy cells
_a__ __ 2. A bacterium capable of producing methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen performs a type of metabolism
called __________ and, given its sources of electrons, it is a __________.
a. methanogenesis; lithotroph
b. respiration; heterotroph
c. fermentation; organotroph
d. carbon fixation; phototroph
e. none of the above
_d_____3. Which of the following statements is correct with respect to heterotrophic organisms?
a. they use an organic compound as a carbon source but not energy source.
b. most organotrophs are also heterotrophs.
c. they derive both carbon and energy from an organic compound.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
_a_____4. In many bacteria, the electron carrier __________ is used in biosynthesis, whereas __________ feeds the
electron transport system for energy.
a. NADPH; NADH
b. FADH2; NADPH
c. NADH; acetyl-CoA
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
_e_____5. Which of the following is not necessary for respiration to occur in microbes?
a. Electron donor
b. NADH
c. Cytochromes
d. quinone
e. oxygen
_b_____6. Growth of most microorganisms occurs by:
a. budding
b. binary fission
c. replication
d. conjugation
e. Transformation
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Name ___________________
CWID_______________
_b_____7. __________ enters the TCA cycle by condensing with oxaloacetate.
a. Succinoyl-CoA
b. Acetyl-CoA
c. Pyruvate
d. Citrate
e. Isocitrate
_c_____8. The greatest amount of NADH is produced during which stage of aerobic respiration?
a. glycolysis
b. pyruvate conversion to acetyl-CoA
c. TCA cycle
d. Entner-Doudoroff Pathway
e. none of the above
_d_____9. What is lithotrophy?
a. breakdown of molecules using light energy
b. oxidation of organic electron donors to CO2 and H2O
c. photolysis of H2O coupled to CO2 fixation
d. oxidation of inorganic electron donors such as Fe2+ using O2
e. none of the above
_b_____10. The region on the template DNA at which the RNA polymerase binds is the __________ region.
a. leader
b. promoter
c. terminator
d. regulator
e. coding
_e____11. Redox potential is defined as:
a. the tendency for a molecule to release H+ in solution
b. the tendency for a molecule to release OH– in solution
c. the tendency of a molecule to accept electrons
d. the tendency of a molecule to donate electrons
e. the tendency of a molecular to either donate or accept electrons
_a____12. Membrane bound ATPase synthesizes ATP when:
a. protons move into the cell
b. protons move out of the cell
c. electrons move into the cell
d. electrons move out of the cell
e. none of the above statements are true
_a_____13. In Gram-negative bacteria, the ETS is embedded in the:
a. plasma membrane
b. cell wall
c. periplasm
d. outer membrane
e. peptidoglycan layer
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Name ___________________
CWID_______________
_a____14. How many FADH2 are formed when one molecule of glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 via glycolysis
and the TCA cycle?
a. 2
b. 8
c. 10
d. 1
e. 4
_e_____ 15. Which of the following is NOT a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respirations?
a. nitrate
b. nitrite
c. sulfate
d. carbon dioxide
e. oxygen
__d_____ 16. In sediments, CO2 is reduced to CH4 by __________.
a. fungi
b. cyanobacteria
c. E.coli
d. methanogens
e. none of the above
_c_______17. The __________ domain lacks pathogens.
a. eukarya
b. bacterial
c. archaeal
d. protist
e. monera
_c_______18. Archaeal membranes contain __________ lipid side chains.
a. glycoprotein
b. retinal
c. isoprenoid
d. diether
e. ester
__a______19. Which of the following is unique to archaea?
a. pseudopeptidoglycan
b. peptidoglycan
c. supercoiled DNA
d. cell morphologies
e. use of H2 as an electron donor
_d______ 20. The Haloarchaea, extreme __________, are the only form of life to grow in concentrated salt
a. thermophiles
b. psychrophiles
c. methanophiles
d. halophiles
e. acidophiles
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Name ___________________
CWID_______________
_c______ 21. The 70S bacterial ribosome is composed of a 30S and a __________ subunit.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
30S
40S
50S
60S
70S
_a______ 22. Sulfolobus species are referred to as double __________, meaning they require high temperature and high
acidity simultaneously.
a. extremophiles
b. thermophiles
c. acidophiles
d. hyperthermophiles
e. thermoacidophiles
_b_____23. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
DNA polymerase — makes DNA from a DNA template
RNA polymerase — makes RNA from an RNA template
RNA polymerase — makes RNA in 5’3’ direction
DNA polymerase — makes DNA in 5’3’ direction
None of the above are correct
_b_______24. Bacteriorhodopsin absorbs light and pumps H+ __________ the cell, whereas halorhodopsin pumps chloride
__________ the cell.
a. into; out of
b. out of; into
c. into; into
d. out of; out of
e. through; across
__b______25. Many infectious diseases display similar __________, making diagnosis difficult.
a. syndromes
b. symptoms
c. vectors
d. disease mechanisms
e. modes of transmission
__a_____ 26. A __________ disease is an infection that normally affects animals but that can be transmitted to humans.
a. zoonotic
b. herd
c. fulminating
d. recurrent or cyclic
e. community acquired
__d_____ 27. Streptococcus pneumoniae causes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. meningitis
b. lobar pneumonia
c. bronchopneumonia
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Name ___________________
CWID_______________
d. necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease)
e. bacteremia
_c______28. When the population doubles during each given unit of time, the growth is?
a. linear
b. semilogarithmic
c. exponential
d. geometric
e. arithmetic
_c______29. What disease is caused without an infection?
a. giardiasis
b. tetanus
c. staphylococcal food poisoning
d. candidiasis
e. psittacosis
_b______30. A nationwide recall of spinach in 2006 was due to contamination by cattle water containing:
a. Neisseria meningitidis
b. E. coli O157:H7
c. Vibrio cholerae
d. Shigella species
e. hepatitis A virus
Figure 1
_b______31. How is ATP generated in the reaction shown in Figure 1?
a. oxidative phopohorylation
b. Substrate-level phophorylation
c. fermentation
d. photophosphorylation
e. None of the above
__a_____ 32. A hunter presents flu-like symptoms and has a “bull eye” rash on his leg. The appropriate diagnosis is ____?
a. lyme disese
b. tuleremia
c. meningitis
d. malaria
e. measles
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Name ___________________
CWID_______________
__d_____ 33. If you are using a microscope with a 10 ocular lens and a 100 objective, what is the total magnification?
a. 10-fold
b. 100-fold
c. 110-fold
d. 1,000-fold
e. this is not enough information.
_c______ 34.
Bubonic plague (Yersinia pestis) is most commonly transmited by:
a. rodents
b. ticks
c. fleas
d. rabbits
e. mosquito
_e______ 35.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Which of the following is a negative stain?
acid-fast stain
endospore stain
antibody stain
simple stain
capsule stain
Figure 2.
_b
_____________b_ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___
36. Which compound is being oxidized in the reaction shown in Figure 2?
a. NADH
b. isocitric acid
c. NAD+
d. α-Ketoglutaric acid
e. none of the above are being oxidized
Questions from 37 thru 48 are from Exam 1.
__b_____37. You have isolated a bacterium that you believe to be the causative agent of a new disease in frogs. How would
you test the third of Koch’s postulates?
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Name ___________________
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
CWID_______________
determine the shape of the bacterial cells.
inject the bacteria into a healthy frog.
isolate the bacterium from a sick frog.
show that the bacterium is NOT present in healthy frogs.
grow a pure culture of the bacterium outside the frog.
__c_____38. Resolution is best described
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the ability to view only stained specimen
the ability to magnify a specimen
the ability to distinguish between two closely placed objects
the ability to see internal structure of a specimen
the ability to view only unstained specimen
___a____39. If an object and its surroundings absorb or reflect radiation equally then the object will be:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
undetectable
reflected
refracted
radiated
fluoresced
_a_____40. Three cells with generation times of 30 minutes are inoculated into a culture medium. How many cells are
there after 5 hours?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3072
1024
243
48
16
__a_____ 41. ___________ reinforce and stiffen cytoplasmic membranes in bacteria.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
hopanoids
polyamines
sterols
peptidoglycans
lipids
_b_____42. All archaeal phospholipids have a/an __________ link between glycerol and the lipid component.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ester
ether
ethanolamine
unsaturated
phosphatidyl
_d_____43. Which is NOT a component of any bacterial cells wall?
a. peptidoglycan
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Name ___________________
b.
c.
d.
e.
CWID_______________
techoic acids
N-acetylmuramic acid
cellulose
L-lysine
__c_____44. All of the following are components of peptidoglycan EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
N-acetylglucosamine
N-acetylmuramic acid
lipopolysaccharide
amino acids
peptide cross-links
__c_____45. One of the following staining techniques will help identify bacteria that have a thick, waxy-layer in their cell
wall (e.g. Mycobacterium. sp)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Gram staining
capsule staining
acid-fast staining
endospore staining
flagella staining
__e_____46. The increased stability of __________ supercoils in archaea allows them to grow in more extreme
environments.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
extra
negative
no
flexible
positive
__a_____47. Fts proteins do which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
form a ring in the area where cell division will occur
aid in DNA replication
are involved in peptidoglycan synthesis
are involved in making proteins
are important in transcription
__b_____48. Psychrophiles favor the cold since their membranes are more fluid at low temperature owing to the high
proportion of __________ present.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
saturated fatty acids
unsaturated fatty acids
lipopolysaccharides
transport proteins
water
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Name ___________________
CWID_______________
Questions from 48 thru 60 are from Exam 2.
__c_____ 49. Special channels for helping water move across the membrane quickly are called:
a. compatible solutes
b. osmolarity
c. aquaporins
d. mechanosensitive channels
e. chaperones
_d______50. The milk that you drink is usually sterilized by___________:
a. filtration
b. gamma radiation
c. UV radiation
d. Pasteurization
e. autoclaving
___b____51. The D-value of a bacterial culture heated to 100°C is the time it takes to kill __________% of the population.
a. 99
b. 90
c. 50
d. 10
e. 1
__a_____52.
Disposable plasticwares such as petri dishes can be sterilized using which of the following?
a. ethylene oxide
b. steam autoclave
c. low temperature/longtime pasteurization
d. phenol
e. Iodine
_c______53. The nucleoids of bacteria and most archaea, as well as the nuclear DNA of eukaryotes, are kept __________
supercoiled.
a. positively
b. neutrally
c. negatively
d. reverse
e. extra
__a_____54. Which of the following is NOT true of DNA replication in E. coli?
a. It is conservative.
b. It is bidirectional.
c. Replication begins at the “origin of replication”
d. DNA polymerase III synthesizes DNA
e. Synthesis occurs in the 5'-to-3' direction.
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Name ___________________
CWID_______________
__b_____55. The lagging strand is synthesized __________ , while the leading strand can be synthesized __________.
a. continuously; discontinuously
b. discontinuously; continuously
c. 5'-to-3'; 3'-to-5'
d. 3'-to-5'; 5'-to-3'
e. quickly; slowly
__a_____56. The primer in DNA replication is:
a. an RNA starter sequence with a free 3' OH group
b. an RNA starter sequence with a free 5' OH group
c. a DNA starter sequence with a free 3' OH group
d. a DNA starter sequence with a free 5' OH group
e. a telomere with a free 5' phosphate
__d_____57. Which of the following is NOT part of initiation of transcription?
a. the RNA polymerase holoenzyme
b. binding of RNA polymerase to the beginning of the gene
c. melting of the helix
d. synthesis of a primer
e. initiation of RNA molecule
__b_____58. The charging of tRNAs is carried out by a set of enzymes called __________ transferases.
a. ribozymes
b. aminoacyl-tRNA
c. peptidyl
d. proteases
e. Polymerases
_e______59. Why is recombination advantageous?
a. It allows cells to use DNA donated by others of the same species to repair their damaged
genes.
b. It gives the ability to enhance the competitive fitness of the cell.
c. It is an internal method of DNA repair.
d. A and B
e. all of the above
__d_____60. The transfer of F factor in E. coli from one donor cell to a __________cell results in two __________ cells.
a. donor; donor
b. recipient; recipient
c. donor; recipient
d. recipient; donor
e. recipient; Hfr
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