University of Warwick
Department of Sociology
Module:
Convenor:
Tutors:
International Perspectives on Gender, 2008/9
Caroline Wright
Caroline Wright, Dominic Pasura
Introduction
This module introduces students to the diverse manifestations of gender around the world
in the 20th and 21st centuries. It uses case studies from Britain, Russia, China, South
Africa, India, Iran and Ireland. Themes of nationalism, resistance, family, sexuality,
religion and work are pursued in order to facilitate analytical connections between case
studies. The module explores gender relations as socially and historically variable and
emphasises the importance of disaggregating categories of female and male. Particular
attention is paid to the symbolic importance of gender and the extent to which it is at the
centre of religious and political ideologies that have dominated the last 100 years:
colonialism; nationalism; socialism; religious fundamentalism. Attention is also paid to
individual and collective resistance to and transformation of gender inequalities.
Autumn Term Lectures
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6
Week 7
Week 8
Week 9
Week 10
Introduction: What is Gender?
Gender, School and Work in Contemporary Britain
Gender, Family and Sexuality in Contemporary Britain
Gender and State Socialism: The USSR
Reading Week
Gender and Post-Soviet Russia
Gender and State Socialism: China
Feminism, Orientalism and Nationalism
South Africa: Apartheid and the articulation of gender, ‘race’ and class
Spring Term Lectures
Week 11
Week 12
Week 13
Week 14
Week 15
Week 16
Week 17
Week 18
Week 19
South Africa: Gender, resistance and the post-apartheid era
Gender, Colonialism and Nationalism in India
Gender and Post-colonial Nation-building in India
Gender and Religious Fundamentalism
Gender, Religion and the State in Iran
Reading Week
Multiple Meanings: Islamic women and the ‘veil’
Women, the Nationalist Struggle and the Irish Free State
Gender and Modernisation in the Irish Republic
1
Summer Term Lectures
Week 21
Week 22
Revision Lecture
Revision Lecture
Learning Outcomes
By the end of the module the student should have an understanding of:
1. the diverse social and cultural manifestations of gender in the twentieth and twenty
first centuries in Britain, Russia, China, South Africa, India, Iran and Ireland
2. the complex ways in which individual capacities to exercise agency are differentiated
by gender
3. the way in which gender is constructed in articulation with other social and cultural
identities, such as ‘race’, ethnicity, age, sexuality, class, religion
4. the relationship between gender and nationalism, and gender and orientalism
5. the diversity of social movements established to tackle unequal gender relations and
the challenges they face
With reference to the above students should be able to:
1. understand and analyse the historical, social and political processes which underpin
manifestations of gender in different parts of the world
2. locate, retrieve, process and evaluate a wide range of materials about gender
manifestations internationally
3. participate effectively in seminars
4. draw on a range of sources to construct their own reasoned arguments
5. make scholarly presentations, verbal and written, on international perspectives on
gender
Cognitive Skills
In the process of developing a substantive understanding of diverse international social and
cultural manifestations of gender in the twentieth and twenty first centuries, students will
also acquire the ability to:
1. assess critically comparative social and cultural manifestations of gender, the complex
ways in which gender is constructed in articulation with other social and cultural
identities, and the differential impacts this has on individual capacities to exercise
agency
2. locate, retrieve, process and evaluate a wide range of materials about gender, ‘race’,
ethnicity, age, sexuality, class, religion and nationality in the twenieth and twenty first
centuries
3. evaluate competing and complementary theoretical frameworks for understanding the
interaction of gender with other social and cultural identities
2
4. make scholarly presentations, verbal and written, on the substantive and theoretical
issues covered in the module material
Teaching and Learning Methods (which enable students to achieve learning outcomes)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A framework of 16 lectures that establish the module’s outer limits and internal
logic
Weekly seminars, over 16 weeks, for structured discussions, including student
presentations on specific topics
Two class essays, with written feedback
Self-directed individual and collaborative study in the library and on the internet, in
preparation for seminar discussion and presentations
Two weeks of revision classes in term 3, including two revision lectures
Assessment Methods (which measure the aforementioned learning outcomes and
determine the final mark for this module)
One 2,000 word essay (due Tuesday 28 April 2009)
One three-hour examination in the Summer term
33%
66%
AND
Non-Assessed Work (used to provide feedback on your progress, completion is
compulsory)
1. Due in at the start of your seminar in week 7 (week beginning 10 November 2008):
A class essay of 1,500 words, the title to be chosen from the list below:
a) How worried should we be that girls are outperforming boys in the UK schooling
system?
b) ‘Equal opportunities in the workplace: fiction not fact’. Discuss.
c) How ‘symmetrical’ is the contemporary British family?
d) What is the crisis in the British family a crisis about? How is the crisis gendered?
e) Why might state socialism in the Soviet Union have been described as patriarchal?
3
2.
Due in at the start of your seminar in week 17 (week beginning 16 February
2009):
A class essay of 2,000 words, the title to be chosen from the list below:
a) What impact has post-communism had on men and masculinities in Russia?
b) How is gender implicated in nationalist projects? Use particular examples in your
answer.
c) ‘It is impossible to make sense of the lives of female domestic workers in apartheid
South Africa without analysing the complex intersections of class, race and
gender’. Discuss.
d) To what extent has the end of apartheid brought gender equality in South Africa?
e) Critically assess the symbolic and material roles of Indian women and men in the
nationalist movement to overthrow British rule.
Core Readings
Core readings are identified for each topic and must be read before the relevant seminar.
All the core readings are available electronically as well as in hard copy in the Library.
Most are available via the Library’s dedicated site for e-resources for this module:
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/main/electronicresources/extracts/so/so112
You will need to complete Web Sign-on to access the site, and then you simply look for
the reference you require.
You can read it on screen using Adobe Reader
(http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html?promoid=DAFYK if you need to
load it) and you should also print a copy to consult in your seminar.
Some of the core readings cannot be made available in this way because they are already
available electronically, as electronic journal articles or e-books. In such cases, you will
find the relevant link directly after the reference below. Depending on the interface, this
may lead directly to the article, or to a download option, or to an invitation to identify the
institution for access (University of Warwick). The article will be a pdf so you will need
Adobe Reader (see above). You are recommended to save the pdf to your hard drive or
data-stick (right click, select ‘save target as’, then choose a directory). You can then open
the saved document, print it, search it etc. In the case of e-books, you will need to search
within the book to find the chapter you want and may only be able to view on screen on a
page-by-page basis; in this case you will need to make notes to bring to the seminar.
Additional Readings
All the additional readings listed below for each topic are available in the library and
should be used when doing more in depth work, eg. for a seminar presentation, class essay,
assessed essay or revision for exams.
4
Week 2
Introduction: What is Gender?
Seminar
Questions
Think of an example you’ve come across whereby differences between
women and men are explained on the basis of biology.
Does this account convince you? Why (not)?
What other factors might explain the differences? (eg. social/cultural)
Week 3
Gender, School and Work in Contemporary Britain
Seminar
Questions
Is women’s experience of education in Britain different from men’s?
If so, how and why?
What’s the relationship between masculinity and paid work?
Core Reading
Charles, Nickie (2002) Gender in Modern Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 5
(‘Schooling – It’s a Girl’s World’)
Collinson, David and Jeff Hearn (1996) ‘“Men” at “work”: multiple masculinities/multiple
workplaces’, in Mairtin Mac an Ghaill (ed.) Understanding Masculinities, Buckingham:
Open University Press, pp. 61-76
Additional Reading
Abbott, P. and Wallace, C. (1997 - 2nd edition) An Introduction to Sociology: Feminist
Perspectives, London: Routledge, ch. 4 (‘Education’)
Bradley, Harriet and Geraldine Healy (2008) Ethnicity and Gender at Work: Inequalities,
Careers and Employment Relations, Basingstoke, New York: Palgrave Macmillan
Charles, Nickie (2002) Gender in Modern Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 2
(‘Gender at Work’)
Coppock, Vicki, Deena Haydon and Ingrid Richter (1995) ‘Patronising Rita: The Myth of
Equal Opportunities in Education’ in Vicki Coppock et al The Illusions of ‘PostFeminism’: New Women, Old Myths, London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 47-74
Coppock, Vicki, Deena Haydon and Ingrid Richter (1995) ‘More Work, Low Pay: The
Myth of Equal Opportunities in the Workplace’, in Vicki Coppock et al The Illusions of
‘Post-Feminism’: New Women, Old Myths, London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 75-105
5
Dex, Shirley and Heather Joshi, (1999) ‘Careers and Motherhood: Policies for
Compatibility’ Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 23, No.5, pp. 641-659
Goodwin, John (1998) Men’s Work and Male Lives: Men and Work in Britain, Aldershot:
Ashgate
Jackson, C. (2002) ‘“Laddishness” as a self-worth protection strategy’, Gender and
Education, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 37-51
Jenkins, Sarah (2004) Gender, Place And The Labour Market, Aldershot: Ashgate
Mac an Ghaill, M. (1994) The Making of Men: Masculinities, Sexualities and Schooling,
Milton Keynes: Open University Press
McDowell, Linda (2003) Redundant masculinities?: Employment change and white
working class youth, Malden: Blackwell Publications
McRobbie (2007) ‘Top Girls? Young women and the post-feminist sexual contract’,
Cultural Studies, Vol. 21, Nos. 4-5, pp. 718-737
Mirza, H. S. (1992) Young, Female and Black, London: Routledge, chs 2-4
Myers, Kate and Hazel Taylor with Sue Adler and Diana Leonard (Eds) (2007)
Genderwatch: Still watching, Stoke on Trent, Sterling: Trentham Books
Reay, D. (2001) ‘“Spice girls”, “nice girls”, “girlies”, and “tomboys”: gender discourses,
girls’ cultures and femininities in the primary classroom’, Gender and Education, Vol. 13,
No. 2, pp. 153-166
Skelton, Christine (1993) ‘Women and Education’, in Diane Richardson and Victoria
Robinson (eds) Introducing Women’s Studies: Feminist Theory & Practice, London:
Macmillan, pp. 324-349
Walby, Sylvia (1997) Gender Transformations, London: Routledge, ch. 2 (‘Recent
Changes in Gender Relations in Employment’)
Warren, Tracey (2000) ‘Diverse Breadwinner Models: A Couple-Based Analysis of
Gendered Working Time in Britain and Denmark’, Journal of European Social Policy,
Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 349-371
Warrington, M., M. Younger and J. Williams (2000) ‘Student attitudes, image and the
gender gap’, British Educational Research Journal, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 393-407
Witz, Anne (1993) ‘Women and Work’, in Diane Richardson and Victoria Robinson
Introducing Women’s Studies: Feminist Theory & Practice, London: Macmillan, pp. 272302
6
Week 4
Gender, Family and Sexuality in Contemporary Britain
Seminar
Questions
What is a family? How would you describe it to someone from Mars?
How is the contemporary family gendered?
What is the ‘crisis’ in the British family? Why is there a ‘crisis’ in the
family?
Core Reading
Abbott, Pam, Claire Wallace and Melissa Tyler (2005 – 3rd edition) An Introduction to
Sociology: Feminist Perspectives, London: Routledge, ch. 6 (‘The Family and the
Household’)
Wright, Caroline and Gill Jagger (1999) ‘End of century, end of family? Shifting
discourses of family “crisis”’, in Gill Jagger and Caroline Wright (eds) Changing Family
Values, London: Routledge, pp. 17-37
Additional Reading
Abbott, Pam, Claire Wallace and Melissa Tyler (2005 – 3rd edition) An Introduction to
Sociology: Feminist Perspectives, London: Routledge, ch. 8 (‘Sexuality’)
Abbott, Pam and Claire Wallace (1992) The Family and the New Right, London: Pluto
Press
Adams, Carol (1990) The Sexual Politics of Meat: A feminist-vegetarian critical theory,
Cambridge: Polity Press
Allen, Graham (ed.) (1999) The Sociology of the Family: A reader, Oxford: Blackwell
Charles, Nickie (2002) Gender in Modern Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 3
(‘Families and Households’).
Charles, Nickie (2002) Gender in Modern Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 7
(‘Sexuality, Power and Gender’)
Charles, Nickie (2002) Gender in Modern Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch. 4
(‘Gendered Parenting’)
Dallos, Rudi and Roger Sapsford (1995) ‘Patterns of Diversity and Lived Realities’, in
John Muncie et al (eds) Understanding the Family, London: Sage, pp. 125-170
Featherstone, Brid (2004) Family Life and Family Support: A Feminist Analysis,
Basingstoke, New York: Palgrave Macmillan
7
Giddens, Anthony (1992) The Transformation of Intimacy, Cambridge: Polity Press
Gittins, Diana (1993) The Family in Question: Changing Households and Familiar
Ideologies, London: Macmillan
Jackson, Stevi et al (eds) (1993) Women’s Studies: A Reader, ch. 6 (various authors), pp.
179-222
Jackson, Stevi (1993) ‘Women and the Family’, in Richardson, D. and Robinson, V. (eds)
Introducing Women’s Studies: Feminist Theory & Practice, London: Macmillan, pp. 177200
Jagger, Gill and Caroline Wright (eds) (1999) Changing Family Values, London:
Routledge
Jones, Helen and Jane Millar (1996) The Politics of the Family, Aldershot: Avebury
Richardson, Diane (1993) ‘Sexuality and Male Dominance’, in Diane Richardson and
Vicki Robinson (eds) Introducing Women’s Studies, London: Macmillan, pp. 74-98
Westwood, Sallie (1996) ‘“Feckless Fathers”: Masculinities and the British state’, in
Mairtin Mac an Ghaill (ed.) Understanding Masculinities, Buckingham: Open University
Press, pp. 21-34
Young, Michael D. and Peter Willmott (1973) The Symmetrical Family: A Study of Work
and Leisure in the London Region, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
8
Week 5
Gender and State Socialism: The USSR
Seminar
Questions
What is the origin of women’s oppression, according to Marxist
thought?
What does Marxism prescribe to end women’s oppression?
To what extent did the communist state in Russia put Marxist theory
on gender into practice? Give examples.
Core Reading
Charles, Nickie (1993) Gender Divisions and Social Change, Hemel Hempstead:
Harvester Wheatsheaf, pp. 103-116
Voronina, Olga (1994) ‘The Mythology of Women’s Emancipation in the USSR as the
Foundation for a Policy of Discrimination’, in Anastasia Posadskaya et al (eds) Women in
Russia: A New Era in Russian Feminism, London: Verso, pp. 37-56
Additional Reading
Atkinson, Dorothy, Alexander Dallin and Gail Warshofsky Lapidus (eds) (1978) Women
in Russia, Hassocks: Harvester Press
Attwood, Lynne (1990) The New Soviet Man and Woman: Sex-role Socialization in the
USSR, Basingstoke: Macmillan
Bryson, Valerie (1992) Feminist Political Theory, London: Macmillan, ch. 7 ‘Marxist
Feminism in Russia’, pp. 131-144
Edmondson, Linda (ed.) (2001) Gender in Russian History and Culture, Basingstoke:
Palgrave (chapters 6-10)
Goldman, Wendy (2002) Women at the Gates: Gender and Industry in Stalin’s Russia,
Cambridge: Camridge University Press
Haynes, John (2003) New Soviet Man: Gender and Masculinity in Stalinist Soviet Cinema,
Manchester: Manchester University Press
Ilic, Melanie (ed.) (2001) Women in the Stalin Era, Basingstoke: Palgrave
Issoupova, Olga (2000) ‘From Duty to Pleasure? Motherhood in Soviet and post-Soviet
Russia’, in Sarah Ashwin (ed.) Gender, State and Society in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia,
London: Routledge, pp. 30-54
9
Kiblitskaya, Marina (2000) ‘Russia’s Female Breadwinners: The Changing Subjective
Experience’, in Sarah Ashwin (ed.) Gender, State and Society in Soviet and Post-Soviet
Russia, London: Routledge, pp. 55-70
Kukhterin, Sergei (2000) ‘Fathers and Patriarchs in Communist and Post-Communist
Russia’, in Sarah Ashwin (ed.) Gender, State and Society in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia,
London: Routledge, pp. 71-89
Malysheva, Marina (1992) ‘Feminism and Bolshevism’, in Shirin Rai, Hilary Pilkington
and Annie Phizacklea (eds) Women in the Face of Change, London: Routledge, pp. 186199
Mamonova, Tatyana with Sarah Matilsky (eds) (1984) Women and Russia: Feminist
Writings from the Soviet Union, Oxford: Blackwell
McDermid, Jane (1998) Women and Work in Russia 1830-1930: A study in continuity
through change, London: Longman
McDermid, Jane (1999) Midwives of the Revolution: Female Bolsheviks and Women
Workers in 1917, London: UCL Press
Nakachi, M. (2006) ‘N.S.Krushchev and the 1944 Soviet Family Law: Politics,
Reproduction and Language’, East European Politics and Societies, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp.
40-68
Sanbom, Joshua A. (2003) Drafting the Russian Nation, De Kalb: Northern Illinois
University Press (ch. 4 ‘The Nationalization of Masculinity’)
Wood, Elizabeth (1997) The Baba and the Comrade: Gender and Politics in
Revolutionary Russia, Bloomington: Indiana University Press
Zhuk, Olga (1994) ‘The Lesbian Subculture: The Historical Roots of Lesbianism in the
Former USSR’, in Anastasia Posadskaya et al (eds) (1994) Women in Russia: A New Era
in Russian Feminism, London: Verso, pp. 146-153
Week 6
Reading Week
There will be no lecture or seminars this week. Your first class essay is due in at the
start of your seminar next week.
10
Week 7
Gender and Post-Soviet Russia
Seminar
Questions
Are contemporary Russian men in crisis?
To what extent is the crisis gendered?
How was sexuality regulated in the Soviet state and how have attitudes
to, and the regulation of, sexuality changed in the post-Soviet era?
Core Reading
Ashwin, Sarah and Tatiana Lytkina (2004) ‘Men in Crisis in Russia: The Role of Domestic
Marginalization’, Gender and Society, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 189-206
http://0-gas.sagepub.com.pugwash.lib.warwick.ac.uk/cgi/reprint/18/2/189
Omel’chenko, Elena (2000) ‘“My body, my friend?” Provincial Youth Between the Sexual
and the Gender Revolutions’, in Sarah Ashwin (ed.) Gender, State and Society in Soviet
and Post-Soviet Russia, London: Routledge, pp. 137-167
Additional Reading
Ashwin, Sarah (2002) ‘The Influence of the Soviet Gender Order on Employment
Behavior in Contemporary Russia’, Sociological Research, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 21-37
Attwood, Lynne (2001) ‘Rationality versus Romanticism: Representations of Women in
the Stalinist Press’ in Linda Edmondson (ed.) Gender In Russian History And Culture
Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 158-176
Attwood, Lynne (1996) ‘Young People, Sex and Sexual Identity’, in Hilary Pilkington
(ed.) Gender, Generation and Identity in Contemporary Russia, London: Routledge, pp.
95-120
Bridger, Sue and Rebecca Kay (1996) ‘Gender and Generation in the New Russian Labour
Market’, in Hilary Pilkington (ed.) Gender, Generation and Identity in Contemporary
Russia, London: Routledge, pp. 21-38
Bridger, Sue (2001) ‘The Heirs of Pasha: The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Women Tractor
Driver’ in Linda Edmondson (ed.) Gender In Russian History And Culture, Basingstoke:
Palgrave, pp.194-211
Bridger, Sue, Rebecca Kay and Kathryn Pinnick (1996) No More Heroines? Russia,
Women and the Market, London: Routledge
Buckley, Mary (ed.) (1997) Post-Soviet Women: From the Baltic to Central Asia,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
11
Clark, Carol L. and Michael P. Sacks (2004) ‘A View from Below: Industrial
Restructuring and Women’s Employment at Four Russian Enterprises’, Communist and
Post-Communist Studies, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 523-545
Davidova, Nadia and Nataliya Tikhonova (2004) ‘Gender, Poverty and Social Exclusion in
Contemporary Russia’, in Nick Manning and Nataliya Tikhonova (eds) Poverty and social
exclusion in the new Russia, Aldershot: Ashgate, pp.174-196
Healey, Dan (2001) ‘Unruly Identities: Soviet Psychiatry Confronts the “Female
Homosexual” of the 1920s’, in Linda Edmondson (ed.) Gender in Russian history and
culture, Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 116-138
Kay, Rebecca (2000) Russian Women and their Organization: Gender, discrimination and
grassroots women’s organizations, 1991-96, Basingstoke: Macmillan
Kiblitskaya, Marina (2000) ‘“Once we were kings” Male Experiences of Loss of Status at
Work in Post-Communist Russia’, in Sarah Ashwin (ed.) Gender, State and Society in
Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia, London: Routledge, pp. 90-104
Kon, Igor (1993) ‘Sexual Minorities’, in Igor Kon and James Riordan (eds) Sex and
Russian Society, London: Pluto, pp. 89-115
Konstantinova, Valentina (1994) ‘No Longer Totalitarianism, But Not Yet Democracy:
The Emergence of an Independent Women’s Movement in Russia’, in Anastasia
Posadskaya (ed.) Women in Russia: A New Era in Russian Feminism, London: Verso, pp.
57-73
Meshcherkina, Elena (2000) ‘New Russian Men: Masculinity Regained?’, in Sarah
Ashwin (ed.) Gender, State and Society in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia, London:
Routledge, pp. 105-117
Pilkington, Hilary (1996) ‘“Youth Culture” in Contemporary Russia’, in Hilary Pilkington
(ed.) Gender, Generation and Identity in Contemporary Russia, London: Routledge, pp.
189-215
Remennick, Larissa I. (1993) ‘Patterns of Birth Control’, in Igor Kon and James Riordan
(eds) Sex and Russian Society, London: Pluto, pp. 349-357
Rotkirch, Anna, Anna Temkina and Elena Zdravomyslova (2007) ‘Who Helps the
Degraded Housewife? Comments on Vladmir Putin’s Demographic Speech’, European
Journal of Women’s Studies, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 349-357
Rubchak, Marian J. (2001) ‘In Search of a Model: Evolution of a Feminist Consciousness
in Ukraine and Russia’, European Journal of Women's Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 149-160
Shreeves, Rosamund (1992) ‘Sexual Revolution or “Sexploitation”? The Pornography and
Erotica Debate in the Soviet Union’, in Shirin Rai, Hilary Pilkington and Annie Phizacklea
(eds) Women in the Face of Change, London: Routledge, pp. 130-146
12
Sperling, Valerie (1999) Organizing Women in Contemporary Russia: Engendering
Transition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Waters, Elizabeth (1993) ‘Finding a Voice: The Emergence of a Women’s Movement’, in
Nanette Funk and Magda Mueller (eds) Gender Politics and Post-Communism, London:
Routledge, pp. 287-302
Waters, Elizabeth (1993) ‘Soviet Beauty Contests’, in Igor Kon and James Riordan (eds)
Sex and Russian Society, London: Pluto, pp. 116-134
Wood, Elizabeth A. (1997) The Baba And The Comrade: Gender And Politics In
Revolutionary Russia, Bloomington: Indiana University Press
13
Week 8
Gender and State Socialism: China
Seminar
Questions
On what basis could it be argued that China underwent ‘patriarchal
socialism’ after 1949? Justify your opinion with evidence.
To what extent do rural Chinese women enjoy equality with men in
contemporary China?
Core Reading
Chen, Junjie and Gale Summerfield (2007) ‘Gender and Rural Reforms in China: A Case
Study of Population Control and Land Rights Policies in Northern Liaoning’, Feminist
Economics, Vol. 13, Nos. 3-4, pp. 63-92
http://0web.ebscohost.com.pugwash.lib.warwick.ac.uk/bsi/pdf?vid=4&hid=112&sid=c577f6eb780c-465d-9f47-498310ebf50a%40sessionmgr103
Christiansen, Flemming and Shirin Rai (1996) Chinese Politics and Society: An
Introduction, London: Prentice Hall, ch. 12 (‘Women and Gender Issues in China’)
Additional Reading
Charles, Nickie (1993) Gender Divisions and Social Change, Hemel Hempstead, pp. 120128
Cooke, Fang Lee (2005) HRM, work and employment in China, London: Routledge, ch. 6
(‘Gender Equality Policy and Practice in Employment’)
Croll, Elisabeth (1995) Changing Identities of Chinese Women: Rhetoric, Experience and
Self-Perception in Twentieth-Century China, London: Zed Books
Croll, Elisabeth (1984) Chinese Women Since Mao, Zed
Davin, Delia (1996) ‘The Political and the Personal: Women’s Writing in China in the
1980s’, in Mary Maynard and June Purvis (eds) New Frontiers in Women’s Studies,
London: Taylor and Francis, pp. 63-75
Evans, Harriet (1997) Women and Sexuality in China: Dominant discourses of female
sexuality and gender since 1949, Cambridge: Polity
Evans, Harriet (1992) ‘Monogamy and Female Sexuality in the People’s Republic of
China’, in Shirin Rai, Hilary Pilkington and Annie Phizacklea (eds) Women in the Face of
Change, London: Routledge, pp. 147-163
Gaetano, Arianne M. and Tamara Jacka (eds) (2004) On the Move: Women and Rural-tourban Migration in Contemporary China, New York: Columbia University Press
14
Gilmartin, Christina K. (1994) ‘The Origins of China’s Birth Planning Policy’, in Christina
K. Gilmartin, Gail Hershatter, Lisa Roffl and Tyrene White (eds) Engendering China,
London: Harvard University Press, pp. 251-278
Hong, Fan (1997) Footbinding, Feminism and Freedom: The Liberation of Women’s
Bodies in Modern China, London: Frank Cass
Honig, Emily (2000) ‘Iron Girls Revisited: Gender and the Politics of Work in the Cultural
Revolution, 1966 –76’, in Barbara Entwisle and Gail E. Henderson (eds). Re-Drawing
Boundaries: Work, Households And Gender In China, Berkeley: University of California
Press, pp. 97-110
Jicai, Sha and Liu Qiming (eds) (1995) Women’s Status in Contemporary China, Beijing:
Peking University Press
Johnson, Kay A. (1983) Women, the Family and Peasant Revolution in China, London,
Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Lee, Ching Kwan (1998) Gender and the South China Miracle: Two worlds of factory
women, Berkeley: University of California Press
Li, Xiaojiang (1994) ‘Economic Reform and the Awakening of Chinese Women’s
Collective Consciousness’, in Christina K. Gilmartin, Gail Hershatter, Lisa Roffl and
Tyrene White (eds) Engendering China, London: Harvard University Press, pp. 360-382
Park, K.A. (1994) ‘Women and Revolution in China: The Sources of Constraints on
Women’s Emancipation’, in Ann M. Tétreault (ed.) Women and Revolution in Africa,
Asia, and the New World, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, pp. 137-160
Pun, Ngai (2005) Made in China: Women Factory Workers in a Global Workplace,
Durham: Duke University Press, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (1997) Women
in China: A country profile, New York: United Nations
Wang, Zheng and Dorothy Ko (2007) Translating Feminisms in China, Oxford: Blackwell
West, Jackie, Zhao Minghua, Chang Xiangqun and Cheng Yuan (eds) (1999) Women of
China: Economic and Social Transformation, London: Macmillan
White, King (2000) ‘The Perils of Assessing Trends in Gender Inequality in China’, in
Barbara Entwisle and Gail E. Henderson (eds) Re-Drawing Boundaries: Work,
Households And Gender In China, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 157-170
Wolf, Margery (1987) Revolution Postponed: Women in Contemporary China, London:
Methuen
15
Week 9
Feminism, Orientalism and Nationalism
Seminar
Questions
What is Orientalism? What impact has Orientalism had on western
feminism?
What issues do critical perspectives on Orientalism raise for this
module in terms of looking at gender relations across space, time and
culture?
What is Nationalism? How does rape figure in nationalist struggles?
Core Reading
Bracewell, Wendy (2000) ‘Rape in Kosovo: masculinity and Serbian nationalism’, Nations
and Nationalism, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 536-90
http://0-www3.interscience.wiley.com.pugwash.lib.warwick.ac.uk/cgibin/fulltext/119050324/PDFSTART
Liddle, Joanna and Shirin M. Rai (1993) ‘Between Feminism and Orientalism’, in Mary
Kennedy et al (eds) Making Connections: Women’s Studies, Women’s Movements,
Women’s Lives, London: Taylor and Francis, pp. 11-23
http://webcat.warwick.ac.uk/search~S1?/tMaking+Connections%3A+Women%27s+Studi
es/tmaking+connections+womens+studies/1%2C1%2C2%2CB/frameset&FF=tmaking+co
nnections+womens+studies+womens+movements+womens+lives&2%2C%2C2
Additional Reading
Afshar, Haleh (ed.) (1987) Women, State, Ideology, London: Macmillan
Chaudhuri, Nupur and Margaret Strobel (1992) (eds) Western Women and Imperialism,
Bloomington: Indiana University Press
de Groot, Joanna (1996) ‘Anti-colonial Subjects? Post-colonial Subjects? Nationalisms,
Ethnocentrism and Feminist Scholarship’, in Mary Maynard and June Purvis (eds) New
Frontiers in Women’s Studies, London: Taylor and Francis, pp. 30-50
Einhorn, Barbara (ed.) (1996) Links Across Differences: Gender Ethnicity and
Nationalism, Women’s Studies International Forum Special Issue, Oxford: Pergamon
Jayawardena, Kumari (1982) Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World in the 19th
and early 20th Centuries, The Hague: Institute of Social Studies
Kandiyoti, Deniz (1991) ‘Identity and its Discontents: Women and the Nation’, Millenium:
Journal of International Studies, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 429-443
16
Nagel, Joane (1998) ‘Masculinity and Nationalism: Gender and Sexuality in the Making of
Nations’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 242-269
Peterson, V. Spike (2000) ‘Sexing Political Identities /Nationalism as Heterosexism’, in
Sita Ranchod-Nilsson and Mary Ann Tétreault (eds) Women, States, And Nationalism: At
Home In The Nation?, London: Routledge, pp. 54-80
Pettman, Jan Jindy (1996) Worlding Women, London: Routledge, pp. 45-63
Racioppi, L and See O’Sullivan (2000) ‘Engendering Nation and National Identity’ in Sita
Ranchod-Nilsson and Mary Ann Tétreault (eds) Women, States, And Nationalism: At
Home In The Nation?, London: Routledge, pp. 18-34
Said, Edward (1995) Orientalism: Western conceptions of the Orient, London: Penguin
(first published 1978)
Saraswati Sunindyo (1998) ‘When the Earth is Female and the Nation is Mother’, Feminist
Review, Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 1-21
Strobel, Margaret (2002) ‘Women’s History, Gender History, and European Colonialism’
in Gregory Blue, Martin Bunton and Ralph Croizier (eds) Colonialism and the Modern
World: Selected studies, Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, pp. 51-70
Thapar-Bjorkert, Suruchi and Louise Ryan (2002) ‘Mother India/Mother Ireland:
Comparative Gendered Dialogues of Colonialism and Nationalism in the Early 20th
Century’, Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 301-313
Walby, Sylvia (1997) Gender Transformations, London: Routledge, ch. 10 (‘Woman and
Nation’, pp. 180-196)
Waylen, Georgina (1996) Gender in Third World Politics, Buckingham: Open University
Press
Yuval-Davis, Nira (1997) Gender and Nation, London: Sage
Yuval-Davis, Nira (1989) (ed.) Woman-Nation-State, Basingstoke: Macmillan
17
Week 10:
South Africa: Apartheid and the articulation of gender, ‘race’ and class
Seminar
Questions
What do the voices of black women domestic workers in South Africa
tell us about apartheid? (Think about work, family and
relationships)
What impact does the migrant labour system have on gender and age
hierarchies in black African families?
Core Reading
Cock, Jacklyn (1989) Maids and Madams: Domestic Workers under Apartheid, London:
The Women’s Press (2nd edition) (ch. 5 ‘Self Imagery’)
Carton, Benedict (2001) ‘Locusts Fall from the Sky: Manhood and Migrancy in KwaZulu’,
in Robert Morrell (ed.) Changing Men in Southern Africa, London, NY: Zed, pp.120-140
Additional Reading
Beinart, William and Saul Dubow (eds) (1995) Segregation and Apartheid in TwentiethCentury South Africa, London: Routledge
Berger, Iris (1992) Threads of Solidarity: Women in South African Industry, 1900-1980,
London: James Currey
Bernstein, Hilda (1985) For their Triumphs and for their Tears: Women in Apartheid
South Africa, London: International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa
Bozzoli, Belinda (1983) ‘Marxism, Feminism and South African Studies’, Journal of
Southern African Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 87-96
Bozzoli, Belinda with Nkotsoe Mmantho (1991) Women of Phokeng: Consciousness, Life
Strategy and Migrancy in South Africa, 1900-1983, London: James Currey
Breckenridge, Keith (1998) ‘The Allure of Violence: Men, Race and Masculinity on the
South African Goldmines, 1900-1950’, Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 24, No.
4, pp. 669-693
Campbell, Catherine (2001) ‘“Going Underground and Going After Women”: Masculinity
and HIV Transmission amongst Black Workers in the Gold Mines’, in Robert Morrell
(ed.) Changing Men in Southern Africa, London, NY: Zed, pp. 275-286
Cohen, Robin, Yvonne G. Muthien and Abebe Zegeye (eds) (1990) Repression and
Resistance: Insider Accounts of Apartheid, London: Zell
18
Crankshaw, Owen (1997) Race, Class and the Changing Division of Labour Under
Apartheid, London: Routledge
Donaldson, Shaun Riva (1997) ‘“Our Women Keep our Skies from Falling”: Women’s
Networks and Survival Imperatives in Tshunyane, South Africa’, in Gwendolyn Mikell
(ed.) African Feminism: The Politics of Survival in Sub-Saharan Africa, Philadelphia:
University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 257-275
Gaitskell, Deborah, Judy Kimble, Moira Maconachie and Elaine Unterhalter (1983) ‘Class,
Race and Gender: Domestic Workers in South Africa’, Review of African Political
Economy, Nos 27/28, pp. 86-108
Guy, Jeff and M. Thabane (1991) ‘Technology, Ethnicity and Ideology: Basotho Miners
and Shaft-Sinking on the South African Gold Mines’, Journal of Southern African Studies,
Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 257-278
International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa (1981) Women under Apartheid:
In photographs and text, London: International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa
Kuzwayo, Ellen (1985) Call me Woman, London: Women’s Press
Lawson, Lesley (1986) Working Women in South Africa, London: Pluto
Lipman, Beata (1984) We Make Freedom: Women in South Africa, London: Pandora Press
Marks, Shula (ed.) (1988) Not Either an Experimental Doll: The Separate Worlds of Three
South African Women, Bloomington: Indiana University Press
Maylam, Paul (2001) South Africa’s Racial Past: The history and historiograpy of racism,
segregation, and apartheid, Aldershot: Aldgate
Meena, R. (1992) Gender in Southern Africa: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues, Harare:
SAPES Books
Murray, Colin (1981) Families Divided: The impact of migrant labour in Lesotho,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Oosthuizen, Ann (ed.) (1987) Sometimes When it Rains: Writings by South African
Women, London: Pandora
Warden, Nigel (2000) The Making of Modern South Africa: Conquest, Segregation and
Apartheid, Oxford: Blackwell
19
Week 11:
South Africa: Gender, resistance and the post-apartheid era
Seminar
Questions
To what extent have women active in the anti-apartheid struggle in
South Africa been able to influence post-apartheid South Africa?
What role has the men’s movement played in the struggle for gender
equality in post apartheid South Africa and how is it differentiated?
Core Reading
Geisler, G. (2000) ‘“Parliament is another Terrain of Struggle”: Women, Men and Politics
in South Africa, Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 605-630
http://0-www.jstor.org.pugwash.lib.warwick.ac.uk/stable/pdfplus/161511.pdf
http://0-www.jstor.org.pugwash.lib.warwick.ac.uk:80/stable/161511
Morrell, Robert (2005) ‘Men, Movements and Gender Transformation in South Africa’, in
Lahoucine Ouzgane and Robert Morrell (eds) African Masculinities: Men in Africa from
the late nineteenth century to the present, New York, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan,
pp. 270-288
Additional Reading
Alexander, Neville (2003) ‘The "moment of manoeuvre”: "race," ethnicity, and nation in
postapartheid South Africa’, in Kaiwar Vasant and Mazumdar Sucheta (eds) Antinomies of
Modernity: Essays on Race, Orient, Nation, Durham: Duke University Press, pp. 180-195
Barrett, Jane et al (1985) South African Women on the Move, London: Zed Books in
association with CIIR and Pluto Press (ch. 4 ‘Union Women’)
Beall, Jo, Shireen Hassim and Alison Todes (1989) ‘A Bit on the Side? Gender Struggles
in the Politics of Transformation in South Africa’, Feminist Review, No. 33, pp. 30-56
Du Toit, Loise (2005) ‘A Phenomenology of Rape: Forging a New Vocabulary for Action’
in Amanda Gouws (ed.) (Un)Thinking Citizenship: Feminist Debates In Contemporary
South Africa, Aldershot: Ashgate Publications, pp. 253-274
Gaitskell, Deborah and Elaine Unterhalter (1989) ‘Mothers of the Nation: A Comparative
Analysis of Nation, Race and Motherhood in Afrikaner Nationalism and the African
National Congress’, in Nira Yuval-Davis (ed.) Woman-Nation-State, Basingstoke:
Macmillan, pp. 58-78
Goldblatt, Beth (2006) ‘Evaluating the Gender Content of Reparations: Lessons from
South Africa’, in Ruth Rubio-Marin (ed.) What Happened to the Women?: Gender and
Reparations for Human Rights Violations, New York: Social Science Research Council,
pp. 48-91
20
Graybill, L. (2001) ‘The Contribution of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Toward the Promotion of Women’s Rights in South Africa’, Women’s Studies
International Forum, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 1-10
Hassim, Shireen (2006) Women’s Organizations and Democracy in South Africa:
Contesting Authority, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press
Hassim, Shireen (2005) ‘Nationalism Displaced: Citizenship Discourses in the Transition’
in Amanda Gouws (ed.) (Un)Thinking Citizenship: Feminist Debates In Contemporary
South Africa, Aldershot: Ashgate Publications, pp. 55-70
Hassim, Shireen (2004) ‘Nationalism, Feminism and Autonomy: The ANC in Exile and
the Question of Women’, Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 433-455
Hassim, Shireen (2003) ‘Representation, Participation and Democratic Effectiveness:
Feminist Challenges to Representative Democracy in South Africa’, in Anne Marie Goetz
and Shireen Hassim (eds) No Shortcuts to Power: African Women in Politics and Policy
Making, London, NY: Zed Books, pp. 81-109
Hirschmann, D. (1998) ‘Civil Society in South Africa: Learning from Gender Themes’,
World Development, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 227-238
Lipman, Beata (1984) We Make Freedom: Women in South Africa, London: Pandora Press
(ch. 6 ‘Women in the Trade Unions’ and ch. 9 ‘Women in Politics’)
Mandela, Nelson (1994) Long Walk to Freedom, London: Little Brown
Mbatha, Likhapha (2003) ‘Democratising Local Government: Problems and Opportunities
in the Advancement of Gender Equality in South Africa’, in Anne Marie Goetz and
Shireen Hassim (eds) No Shortcuts to Power: African Women in Politics and Policy
Making, London, NY: Zed Books, pp. 188-212
McEwan Cheryl (2005) ‘Gendered Citizenship in South Africa: Rights and Beyond’ in
Amanda Gouws (ed.) (Un)Thinking Citizenship: Feminist Debates In Contemporary South
Africa, Aldershot: Ashgate Publications, pp. 177-198
McFadden, Patricia (1992) ‘Nationalism and Gender Issues in South Africa’, Journal of
Gender Studies, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 510-520
Meintjes, Sheila (2003) ‘The Politics of Engagement: Women Transforming the Policy
Process – Domestic Violence Legislation in South Africa’, in Anne Marie Goetz and
Shireen Hassim (eds) No Shortcuts to Power: African Women in Politics and Policy
Making, London, NY: Zed Books, pp. 140-159
Morrell, R. (1998) ‘Of Boys and Men: Masculinity and Gender in Southern African
Studies’, Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 605-630
21
Motsemme, Nthabiseng (2002) ‘Gendered Experiences of Blackness in Post-Apartheid
South Africa’, Social Identities, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 647-673
Ramphele, Mamphele (1997) Across Boundaries: The Journey of a South African Woman
Leader, New York: Feminist Press at the City University of New York
Steyn, M. (1998) ‘A New Agenda: Restructuring Feminism and South Africa’, Women’s
Studies International Forum, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 41-52
Urdang, Stephanie (1995) ‘Women in National Liberation Movements’, in Margaret J.
Hay and Sharon Stichter (eds) African Women South of the Sahara, Harlow, Essex:
Longman (2nd ed.), pp. 213-224
Van Zyl, Mikki (2005) ‘Escaping Heteronormative Bondage: Sexuality in Citizenship’ in
Amanda Gouws (ed.) (Un)Thinking Citizenship: Feminist Debates In Contemporary South
Africa, Aldershot: Ashgate Publications, pp. 223-254
Walker, Cherryl (1982) Women and Resistance in South Africa, London: Onyx Press
Zulu, L. (1998) ‘Role of Women in the Reconstruction and Development of the New
Democratic South Africa’, Feminist Studies, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 147-157
22
Week 12:
Gender, Colonialism and Nationalism in India
Seminar
Questions
What was expected of women and of men in the Indian nationalist
movement?
How active were Indian women in the struggle for independence?
How did the nationalist movement in India mobilize the concept of
gender equality?
How did the British colonial administration mobilize the concept of
gender equality?
Core Reading
Liddle, Joanna and Rama Joshi (1986) Daughters of Independence: Gender, Caste and
Class in India, London: Zed Books, pp. 19-40
Thapar-Bjorkert, Suruchi (1997) ‘The Domestic Sphere as a Political Site: A Study of
Women in the Indian Nationalist Movement’, Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol.
20, No. 4, pp. 493-504
http://0www.sciencedirect.com.pugwash.lib.warwick.ac.uk/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6
VBD-3SX1GK8-4&_cdi=5924&_user=585204&_orig=browse&_coverDate=08%2F31%2F1997&_sk=9997
99995&view=c&wchp=dGLbVzzzSkzS&md5=86bf201de0e95f4f68bd95347fb13d2c&ie=/sdarticle.pdf
Additional Reading
Bald, Suresht, R. (2000) ‘The Politics of Gandhi’s “feminism”: Constructing “Sitas” for
Swaraj”’ in Sita Ranchod-Nilsson and Mary Ann Tétreault (eds) Women, States, And
Nationalism: At Home In The Nation?, London: Routledge, pp. 81-97
Chakravarti, Uma (1990) ‘Whatever Happened to the Vedic Dasi? Orientalism,
Nationalism and a Script for the Past’, in Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid (eds)
Recasting Women: Essays in Indian Colonial History, New Brunswick: Rutgers University
Press, pp. 27-87
Chatterjee, Partha (1993) The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial
Histories, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, chs. 6 & 7
Chatterjee, Partha (1989) ‘The Nationalist Resolution of the Women’s Question’, in
Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid (eds) Recasting Women: Essays in Indian Colonial
History, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press
23
Forbes, Geraldine (1996) Women in Modern India, Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press (ch. 5 ‘Women in the Nationalist Movement’)
Kasturi, Leela and Vina Mazumdar (1994) (eds) Women and Indian Nationalism, Delhi:
Vikas Publishing House
Raju, V. Rajendra (1994) Role of Women in India’s Freedom Struggle, New Delhi:
Discovery Publishing House
Rao, Shakuntala (1999) ‘Woman-As-Symbol: The Intersections of Identity Politics,
Gender, and Indian Nationalism’, Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 22, No. 3,
pp. 317-328
Sinha, Mrinalini (2000) ‘Refashioning Mother India: Feminism and Nationalism in LateColonial India’, Feminist Studies, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 623-644
Thapar-Bjorkert, Suruchi (1996) ‘Gender, Colonialism and Nationalism. Women Activists
in Uttar Pradesh, India’, in Mary Maynard and June Purvis (eds) New Frontiers in
Women’s Studies: Knowledge, Identity and Nationalism, London: Taylor & Francis, pp.
203-219
Thapar-Bjorkert, Suruchi (1993) ‘Women as Activists; Women as Symbols: A Study of
the Indian Nationalist Movement’, Feminist Review, No. 44, pp. 81-96
24
Week 13
Gender and Post-colonial Nation-building in India
Seminar
Questions
How did the new Indian state address the ‘woman question’ after
independence (1947-1980s)?
How has the Nehruvian approach to gender equality been explained?
What are its limitations?
How would you characterise the women’s movement in India during
this period? What major challenges did it face?
Core Reading
Banerjee, Nirmala (1998) ‘Whatever Happened to the Dreams of Modernity? The
Nehruvian Era and Women’s Position’, Economic and Political Weekly, April 25
Forbes, Geraldine (1996) Women in Modern India, Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press (ch. 8 ‘Women in Independent India’)
Additional Reading
Bandyopadhyay, D. (2000) ‘Gender and Governance in India’, Economic and Political
Weekly, July 29, pp. 2696-2699
Buch, Nirmala (1998) ‘State Welfare Policy and Women, 1950-1975’, Economic and
Political Weekly, April 25
Dietrich, Gabriele (1992) Reflections on the Women’s Movement in India, New Delhi:
Horizon India Books (ch. 1 ‘The Secular State, Freedom of Religion and Women’s
Rights’)
Fernandes, Leela (1997) ‘Beyond Public Spaces and Private Spheres: Gender, Family,
and Working-Class Politics in India’, Feminist Studies, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 525-547
Gandhi, Nandita and Nandita Shah (1992) The Issues at Stake: Theory and Practice in the
Contemporary Women’s Movement in India, New Delhi: Kali for Women
Ghosh, Devleena (2001) ‘Water out of fire: novel women, national fictions and the legacy
of Nehruvian developmentalism in India’, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 951967
Kumar, Radha (1993) The History of Doing: An Illustrated Account of Movements for
Women’s Rights and Feminism in India 1800-1990, New Delhi: Kali for Women
Mukhopadhyay, Maitrayee (1984) Silver Shackles: Women and Development in India,
Oxford: Oxfam
25
Munshi, S. (1998) ‘Wife/mother/daughter-in-law: multiple avatars of homemakers in
1990s Indian advertising’, Media Culture & Society, Vol. 20, No. 4
Patel, Vibhuti (1988) ‘Emergence and Proliferation of Autonomous Women’s Groups in
India: 1974-1984’, in Rehana Ghadially (ed.) Women in Indian Society, London: Zed, pp.
249-256
Premi, Mahendra K. (2001) ‘The Missing Girl Child’, Economic and Political Weekly,
May 26, pp. 1875-1880
Puri, Jyoti (1999) Woman, Body, Desire in Post-colonial India: Narratives of Gender and
Sexuality, New York: Routledge, ch.2 (‘Sex, Sexuality and the Nation-State’) and ch. 6
(‘Rethinking the Requirements of Marriage and Motherhood’)
Purushothaman, Sangeetha (1997) The Empowerment of Women in India: grassroots
women's networks and the State, London: Sage
Rajan, Rajeswari Sunder (1993) Real and Imagined Women: Gender, culture and
postcolonialism, London: Routledge, ch. 6 (‘Real and Imagined Women: Politics and/of
Representation’)
Rani, Challapalli Swaroopa (1998) ‘Dalit Women’s Writing in Telugu’, Economic and
Political Weekly, April 25
Robinson, Catherine A. (1999) Tradition and Liberation: The Hindu Tradition in the
Indian Women’s Movement, Richmond: Curzon Press (Conclusion, pp. 175-199)
26
Week 14
Gender and Religious Fundamentalism
Seminar
Questions
What is religious fundamentalism? How is it gendered?
To what extent does right-wing Hindu nationalism conform to the
characteristics of religious fundamentalism?
Why might western analyses of Islamic societies be described as
orientalist?
Core Reading
Basu, Amrita (1998) ‘Hindu Women’s Activism in India and the Questions it Raises’, in
Patricia Jeffery and Amrita Basu (eds) Appropriating Gender: Women’s Activism and
Politicized Religion in South Asia, London: Routledge, pp. 167-184
Moghissi, Haideh (1999) Feminism and Islamic Fundamentalism: The Limits of
Postmodern Analysis, London: Zed, ch. 1 (‘Oriental Sexuality: Imagined and Real’,
especially pp. 13-20)
Saghal, Gita and Nira Yuval-Davis (1992) ‘Introduction: Fundamentalism,
Multiculturalism and Women in Britain’, in Gita Saghal and Nira Yuval-Davis (eds)
Refusing Holy Orders: Women and Fundamentalism in Britain, London: Virago, pp. 1-25
Additional Reading
Afshar, Haleh (1993) ‘Development Studies and Women in the Middle East: The
Dilemmas of Research and Development’, in Haleh Afshar (ed.) Women in the Middle
East, London: Macmillan, pp. 3-17
Bacchetta, Paola (1994) ‘“All our Goddesses are Armed”: Religion, resistance and revenge
in the life of a militant Hindu nationalist woman’, in Kamla Bhasin, Ritu Menon and
Nighat Said Khan (eds) Against All Odds: Essays on Women, Religion and Development
from India and Pakistan, New Delhi: Kali for Women, pp. 133-156
Das, Rina (2006) ‘Encountering Hindutva, Interrogating Religious Fundamentalism and
(En)gendering a Hindu Patriarchy in India’s Nuclear Politics’, International Feminist
Journal of Politics, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 370-393
Dietrich, Gabriele (1994) ‘Women and Religious Identities in India after Ayodhya’, in
Bhasin, Kamla, Ritu Menon and Nighat Said Khan (eds) Against All Odds: Essays on
Women, Religion and Development from India and Pakistan, New Delhi: Kali for Women,
pp. 35-49
El-Saadawi, Nawal (1997) The Nawal El-Saadawi Reader, London: Zed (ch. 9 ‘Islamic
Fundamentalism and Women’)
27
El-Solh, Camillia Fawzi and Judy Mabro (1994) ‘Introduction: Islam and Muslim
Women’, in Camillia Fawzi and Judy Mabro (eds) Muslim Women’s Choices, Oxford:
Berg, pp. 1-32
Franks, Myfanwy (2001)
Women And Revivalism In The West: Choosing
'Fundamentalism' In A Liberal Democracy, Basingstoke: Palgrave
Hansen, Thomas Blom (1996) ‘Recuperating Masculinity: Hindu Nationalism, Violence
and the Exorcism of the Muslim “Other”’, Critique of Anthropology, Vol 16, No. 2, pp.
137-172
Kapur, Ratna and Brenda Cossman (1995) ‘Communalising Gender, Engendering
Community’, in Tanika Sarkar and Urvashi Butalia (eds) Women and the Hindu Right: A
Collection of Essays, New Delhi: Kali for Women, pp. 82-120
Mehdid, Malika (1993) ‘A Western Invention of Arab Womanhood: The “Oriental”
Female’, in Haleh Afshar (ed.) Women in the Middle East, London: Macmillan, pp. 18-58
Moghissi, Haideh (2004) Women and Islam: Critical Concepts in Sociology, London:
Routledge (3 Volumes)
Saghal, Gita and Nira Yuval-Davis (eds) (1992) Refusing Holy Orders: Women and
Fundamentalism in Britain, London: Virago
Sarkar, Tanika and Urvashi Butalia (eds) (1995) Women and the Hindu Right, New Delhi:
Kali for Women
Sen, Ilina (1997) ‘Fundamentalist Politics and Women in India’, in Judy Brink and Joan
Mencher (eds) Mixed Blessings: Gender and Religious Fundamentalism Cross Culturally,
London: Routledge, pp. 209-220
Sethi, Manisha (2002) ‘Avenging Angels and Nurturing Mothers: Women in Hindu
Nationalism’, Economic and Political Weekly, April 20, pp. 1545-1551
28
Week 15
Gender, Religion and the State in Iran
Seminar
Questions
What did the Revolution in Iran mean for women and femininities?
Are contemporary
fundamentalism?
Iranian
women
passive
victims
of
Islamic
What did the Revolution in Iran mean for men and masculinities?
Core Reading
Afshar, Haleh (1996) ‘Islam and Feminism: An Analysis of Political Strategies’, in Mai
Yamani (ed.) Feminism and Islam, Reading: Ithaca Press, pp. 197-216
Gerami, Shahin (2003) ‘Mullahs, Martyrs, and Men: Conceptualizing Masculinity in the
Islamic Republic of Iran’, Men and Masculinities, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 257-274
http://jmm.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/5/3/257
Additional Reading
Afshar, Haleh (2007) ‘Muslim Women and Feminisms: Illustrations from the Iranian
Experience’, Social Compass, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 419-434
Afshar, Haleh (2000) ‘Women and Politics in Iran’, European Journal of Development
Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 188-205
El-Nimr, Raga’ (1996) ‘Women in Islamic Law’, in Mai Yamani (ed.) Feminism and
Islam, Reading: Ithaca Press, pp. 87-102
Channel 4 (1994) Islamic Conversations: Women and Islam [videorecording], London:
Channel 4
Farhi, Farideh, (1994) ‘Sexuality and the Politics of Revolution in Iran’ in Ann M.
Tétreault (ed.) Women and revolution in Africa, Asia, and the New World, Columbia:
University of South Carolina Press, pp. 252-271
Gerami, Shahin (1996) Women and Fundamentalism, London: Garland, ch. 4 (‘Egyptian
Women’s Response to Discourse on Fundamentalism’, pp. 75-99)
Isam-Husain, Mahjabeen et al (2001) ‘What is the Status of Women under Islam?’, in
Jennifer Hurley (ed.) Islam: Opposing Viewpoints, San Diego California: Greenhaven
Press, pp. 75-101
Kandiyoti, Deniz (ed.) (1991) Women, Islam and the State, London: Macmillan
29
Kar, Mehranguiz (2001) ‘Women’s Strategies in Iran from the 1979 Revolution to 1999’,
in Jane H. Bayes and Nayereh Tohidi (eds) Globalization, Gender and Religion: The
Politics of Women’s Rights in Catholic and Muslim Contexts, New York, Basingstoke:
Palgrave, pp. 177-201
Mir-Hosseini, Ziba (1993) ‘Women, Marriage and the Law in Post-Revolutionary Iran’, in
Haleh Afshar (ed.) Women in the Middle East, London: Macmillan, pp. 59-84
Moallem, Minoo (2003) ‘Cultural nationalism and Islamic fundamentalism: the case of
Iran’, in Vasant Kaiwar and Mazumdar Sucheta (eds) Antinomies of modernity: Essays on
Race, Orient, Nation, Durham: Duke University Press
Moghadam, M. (1993) Modernizing Women: Gender and Social Change in the Middle
East, Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner
Moghissi, Haideh (1999) Feminism and Islamic Fundamentalism: The Limits of
Postmodern Analysis, London: Zed, ch. 6 (‘Fundamentalists in Power: Conflict and
Compromise’)
Moghissi, Haideh (1994) Populism and Feminism in Iran: Women's struggle in a Maledefined Revolutionary Movement, Basingstoke: Macmillan
Mojab, Shahrzad (2001) ‘Theorizing the Politics of “Islamic Feminism”’, Feminist
Review, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 124-146
Najmabadi, Afsaneh (1991) ‘Hazards of Modernity and Morality: Women, State and
Ideology in Contemporary Iran’, in Deniz Kandiyoti (ed.) Women, Islam and the State,
London: Macmillan, pp. 48-76
Paidar, Parvin (1995) Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-century Iran,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Wadud, Amina (2006) Inside the Gender Jihad: Women’s Reform in Islam, Oxford: One
World
Week 16
Reading Week
There will be no lecture or seminars this week. Your class essay is due next week and
this is also an opportunity to prepare for the debate on Islam and the ‘veil’.
30
Week 17
Multiple Meanings: Islamic women and the ‘veil’
Seminar
Questions
What is the ‘veil’, and why is that term inadequate?
Assess the arguments that the ‘veil’ disempowers Islamic women
Assess the arguments that the ‘veil’ empowers Islamic women
Core Reading
Franks, Myfanwy (2001) Women And Revivalism In The West: Choosing
'Fundamentalism' In A Liberal Democracy, Basingstoke: Palgrave, ch. 5 (‘Modesty Codes
and the Veil’)
Watson, Helen (1994) ‘Women and the Veil: Personal Responses to Global Process’, in
Akbar S. Ahmed and Hastings Donnan (eds) Islam, Globalization and Post-modernity,
London: Routledge, pp. 141-159
Additional Reading
Afshar, Haleh (2008) ‘Can I See Your Hair? Choice, Agency and Attitudes: The Dilemma
of Faith and Feminism for Muslim Women who Cover’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol.
31, No. 2, pp. 411-427
Ahmed, Leila (1992) Women and Gender in Islam, London: Yale University Press (see
especially ch. 8 ‘The Discourse of the Veil’ and ch. 11 ‘The Struggle for the Future)
Azza, Karam M. (1998) Women, Islamisms and the State: Contemporary feminisms in
Egypt, Basingstoke: Macmillan
Azzam, Maha (1996) ‘Gender and the Politics of Religion in the Middle East’, in Yamani
Mai (ed.) Feminism and Islam, Reading: Ithaca Press, pp. 217-230
Enloe, Cynthia (1989) Bananas, Beaches and Bases, London: Pandora, pp. 52-54 (extract
on Nationalism and the Veil)
Gerami, Shahin (1996) Women and Fundamentalism, London: Garland, ch. 4 (‘Egyptian
Women’s Response to Discourse on Fundamentalism’)
Harrison, Cassian (2001) Beneath the veil [videorecording], London: Channel 4
Moghadam, Valentine M. (ed.) (1994) Gender and National Identity: Women and Politics
in Muslim Societies, London: Zed
Moghissi, Haideh (2004) Women and Islam: Critical Concepts in Sociology, London:
Routledge (3 Volumes) (See Especially Vol. II, Section 4.2)
31
Moghissi, Haideh (1999) Feminism and Islamic Fundamentalism: The Limits of
Postmodern Analysis, London: Zed, ch. 2 (‘From Orientalism to Islamic Feminism’,
especially pp. 42-47)
Roald, Anne Sofie (2001) Women in Islam: The Western Experience, London: Routledge,
ch. 12 (‘Islamic Female Dress’)
Shami, Seteney et al (1990) Women in Arab society: Work patterns and gender relations
in Egypt, Jordan and Sudan, Oxford: Berg
Shukrallah, Hala (1994) ‘The Impact of the Islamic Movement in Egypt’ Feminist Review,
No. 47, pp. 15-32
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Week 18
Women, the Nationalist Struggle and the Irish Free State
Seminar
Questions
In what ways were women involved and in what ways were they
excluded from the struggle for Irish Independence?
Why were women pushed back into the domestic sphere after
Independence was achieved?
To what extent was the Irish state that was created after independence
a Catholic state?
Is it possible to talk about religious fundamentalism with regard to the
Irish Free State/Republic?
Core Reading
Valiulis, Maryann Gialanella (1995) ‘Power, Gender and the Irish Free State’, Journal of
Women’s History, Vol 6, No 4/ Vol 7, No 1 (Winter/Spring), pp. 117-137
Ward, Margaret (1998) ‘National Liberation Movements and the Question of Women’s
Liberation: the Irish Experience’, in Claire Midgley (ed.) Gender and Imperialism,
Manchester University Press, pp. 104-122
Additional Reading
Brown, Terence (1981) Ireland: A Social and Cultural History 1922-1979, London:
Fontana Press
Clear, Caitriona (2000) Women of the House: Women’s Household Work in Ireland, 19221961, Ballsbridge: Irish Academic Press
Connolly, Linda (2003) The Irish women's Movement: From Revolution to Devolution,
Dublin: Lilliput Press
Connolly, Eileen (2003) ‘Durability and Change in State Gender Systems: Ireland in the
1950s’, European Journal of Women’s Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 65-86
Coulter, Carol (1993) The Hidden Tradition: Feminism, Women and Nationalism in
Ireland, Cork: Cork University Press
Crowley, Una and Rob Kitchen (2008) ‘Producing “decent” girls: Governmentality and the
Moral Geographies of Sexual Conduct in Ireland, 1922-1937’, Gender, Place and Culture,
Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 355-372
Cullen, Mary and Maria Luddy (eds) (2001) Female Activists: Irish Women and Change,
1900-1960, Dublin: Woodfield Press
33
Finnegan, Richard B. and James L. Wiles (2003) Women and Public Policy in Ireland: A
Documentary History, 1922-1997, Dublin: Irish Academic Press
Gardiner, Frances (1993) ‘Political Interest and Participation of Irish Women 1922-1992:
The Unfinished Revolution’, in Ailbhe Smyth (ed.) Irish Women’s Studies Reader, Dublin:
Attic Press, pp 45-78
Hill, Myrtle (2003) Women in Ireland: A Century of Change, Belfast: Blackstaff
Kelleher, Margaret and James H. Murphy (eds) (1997) Gender Perspectives in Nineteenth
Century Ireland: Public and Private Spheres, Dublin: Irish Academic Press
Keogh, Dermot (1994) Twentieth Century Ireland, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan
Lee, Joseph (1989) Ireland 1912-1985: Politics and Society, Cambridge University Press
Owens, Rosemary Cullen (2005) A Social History of Women in Ireland, Dublin: Gill and
Macmillan
Ryan, Louise (2002) Gender, Identity and the Irish Press, 1922-1937: Embodying the
Nation, Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellon
Sawyer, Roger (1993) We are but Women: Women in Ireland’s History, London:
Routledge
Ward, Margaret (1991) The Missing Sex: Putting Women into History, Dublin: Attic Press
Weihman, Lisa (2004) ‘Doing My Bit for Ireland: Transgressing Gender in the Easter
Uprising’, Eire-Ireland, Vol, 39, Nos 3/4, pp. 228-249
34
Week 19
Gender and Modernisation in the Irish Republic
Seminar
Questions
How did discourses of Irish womanhood affect women’s material lives?
To what extent were the effects of modernisation in Ireland genderspecific?
What was the role of women in changing Irish culture/society?
Is Ireland a country for women?
Core Reading
Galligan, Yvonne and Nuala Ryan (2001) ‘Implementing the Beijing Commitments in
Ireland’, in Jane H. Bayes and Nayereh Tohidi (eds) Globalization, Gender and Religion:
The Politics of Women’s Rights in Catholic and Muslim Contexts, New York, Basingstoke:
Palgrave, pp. 87-106
O’Conner, Pat (1998) Emerging Voices: Women in Contemporary Irish Society, Dublin:
Institute of Public Administration, ch 9 (‘Ireland: a country for women?’)
Additional Reading
Beale, Jenny (1986) Women in Ireland: Voices of Change, London: Macmillan Education
Ltd
Byrne, Anne and Madeleine Leonard (1997) (eds) Women and Irish Society: A
Sociological Reader, Dublin: Beyond the Pale Publications
Connolly, Linda (2002) The Irish Women’s Movement: From Revolution to Devolution,
Basingstoke: Palgrave
Curtin, Chris, Pauline Jackson and Barbara O’Connor (1987) Gender in Irish Society,
Galway University Press
Ferriter, Diarmaid (2008) ‘Women and Political Change in Ireland since 1960’, EireIreland, Vol. 43, Nos 1/2, pp. 179-204
Finnegan, Richard B. and James L. Wiles (2003) Women and Public Policy in Ireland: A
Documentary History, 1922-1997, Dublin: Irish Academic Press
Girvin, Brian (2008) ‘Church, State and Society in Ireland since 1960’, Eire-Ireland, Vol.
43, Nos 1/2, pp. 74-98
Hill, Myrtle (2003) Women in Ireland: A Century of Change, Belfast: Blackstaff
35
McWilliams, Monica (1993) ‘The Church, the State and the Women’s Movement in
Northern Ireland’, in Ailbhe Smyth (ed.) Irish Women’s Studies Reader, Dublin: Attic
Press, pp. 79-99
Meaney, Geraldine (1993) ‘Sex and Nation: Women in Irish Culture and Politics’, in
Ailbhe Smyth (eds) Irish Women’s Studies Reader, Dublin: Attic Press, pp. 215-230
Rossiter, Ann (1993) ‘Bringing the Margins into the Centre: A Review of Aspects of Irish
Women’s Emigration’, in Ailbhe Smyth (eds) Irish Women’s Studies Reader, Dublin:
Attic Press, pp.177-202
Smyth, Ailbhe (1993) ‘The Women’s Movement in the Republic of Ireland 1970-1990’, in
Ailbhe Smyth (ed.) Irish Women’s Studies Reader, Dublin: Attic Press, pp 245-269
Stevens, Lorna, Steven Broan and Paula Maclaren (2000) ‘Gender, Nationality and
Cultural Representations of Ireland: An Irish Woman’s Place?’, European Journal of
Women’s Studies, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 405-421
36