CHAPTER 25a
• How do the skills of vehicle extrication save lives?
• What are the major components of vehicle extrication?
• What equipment is needed for vehicle extrication?
• What safety issues need to be dealt with even before arriving at the emergency scene?
• What are the different types of glass found in a car?
• What can be used to stabilize a vehicle?
• What are the two preferred methods of gaining access to a victim through a vehicles
roof?
• Who should be used for traffic control on the emergency scene?
• What is the role of EMS providers at the emergency scene?
• What are the different sizes and uses of rescue airbags?
• What precautions need to be taken when dealing with a hybrid vehicle?
• Where would you expect to see a vehicle that runs on CNG?
• What is the importance of scene size-up?
• What tools and equipment are needed to perform a dash roll up?
• After the victim is extricated and transported what should fire fighters do?
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One of the vertical support members of a vehicle that holds up the roof and forms the
upright columns of the passenger compartment: Posts
A vehicle propelled by an electric motor that is powered by batteries: Electricpowered vehicles
A vehicle that uses battery-powered electric motors and a gasoline-powered engine:
Hybrid vehicle.
A vehicle that uses an internal combustion engine and is fueled with either gasoline
or diesel fuel: Conventional vehicle
Most commonly used frame construction in vehicles. The base unit is made of formed
sheet metal and structural component then added to the base to form the passenger
compartment. Subframes are attached to each end. This type of construction does away
with: Unibody (Unit body).
Short lengths of robust and usually hardwood timber (4” 3 4” and 18 to 24” long) that
are used in variety of ways, usually in the stabilization of vehicles: Cribbing.
Type of window glazing that incorporates a sheeting material that stops the glass
from breaking into individual shards. Commonly used in windshields: Laminated
windshield glass.
Vertical support members located behind the rear door: C posts
The wall that separates the engine compartment from the passenger compartment,
formally known as a firewall: Bulkhead
Vertical support members that from the sides of the windshield: A posts
Vehicles that are powered by compressed natural gas: Alternative-powered vehicles.
An extrication tool, consisting of airbags, filler hoses, air regulators, control
valves, and a supply of compressed air. Used to lift vehicles involved in crashes:
Rescue lift airbags.
Specialized cribbing assemblies made out of wood or plastic blocks in a step
configuration. These are usually used to stabilize vehicles: Step blocks.
A type of safety glass that is heat-treated so that it will break into small pieces
that are not as dangerous: tempered glass.
Vertical support members located between the front and rear doors: B posts.
Used to snug loose cribbing under the load or when using lift airbags to fill the
void between the crib and the object as it is raised: Wedges.
Type of vehicle frame resembling a ladder type made up of two parallel rails joined
by a series of cross members. Typically used for luxyry vehicles, sport utility
vehicles and all types of trucks: Platform frame.
An extrication tool, consisting of airbags, filler hoses, air regulators, comtrol
valves, and a supply of compressed air: High-pressure lift airbags.
A hand-operated tool used fro dragging or lifting objects. Sometimes known as lever
blocks: Come along.
FF in Action.
It is 06:30 a.m. on a cold and icy morning when your rescue company is dispatched to a
vehicle accident on a two-line highway. While responding to the incident, dispatch
confirms that the accident is blocking traffic, and that the injured victim is trapped
inside the vehicle. Your lieutenant reminds you and crew to look out for traffic:
-How should FF protect the scene from traffic?
• Use large emergency vehicles to provide a barrier from traffic.
• Wear reflective personal protective equipment
• Strategically place fuses and cones to direct traffic way from the crash
• Close the roadway if necessary
• All of the above
(Use large emergency vehicles to provide a barrier for motorists who fail to heed
emergency warning lights. Many departments place apparatus at an angle to the crash.
This position helps to push the apparatus to the side of a crash in the event that the
emergency apparatus is struck from behind. Traffic cones or fuses can be placed to
direct motorists away from the crash. Fire fighters need to be visible at a crash scene.
Personal protective equipment should be bright to help assure your visibility during
daylight hours. PPE that is used at night needs to be equipped with reflective material
to increase your visibility in the darkness. Request that the road be closed if
necessary).
-What steps need to be taken to stabilize the scene?
• Reduce, remove, or mitigate the hazards at the incident scene.
(Scene stabilization consists of reducing, removing, or mitigating the hazards at the
incident scene. These hazards should have been identified during arrival and scene sizeup. The order in which these hazards are stabilized will depend on the specific
conditions at an incident scene and the amount of risk each hazard poses. Hazards
include traffic, fire, and electrical hazards, and unstable objects).
When you arrive on the scene, you find a vehicle that has crashed head-on into a utility
pole. The driver is barely conscious and is complaining of head, chest, and bilateral
leg pain. Lieutenant Christiansen tells you and your partner to stabilize the car with
airbags and cribbing and break the tempered glass to allow emergency medical personnel
access to the victim.
-Safety considerations for working with airbags include: Never stack high pressure bags
more than two high & Don not use a rescue lift airbag to stabilize a vehicle by itself;
use cribbing.
(Never stack high-pressure lift bags more than two high. Do not use a lift airbag to
pull a steering column. Do not use a lift airbag to stabilize a vehicle solely; cribbing
must be your primary stabilizer. Never operate your lift bag system without having been
properly trained and fully knowing and understanding how the system works. Do not use
boards or plywood between or above rescue lift airbags. Clean lift airbags using the
recommendations of the individual manufacturer. Rescue lift airbags should be tested.
Never store a lift bag with gasoline).
-When breaking tempered glass you should: Use a sharp pointed object and strike the
window in the low corner.
(All fire fighters should be in proper PPE, including dust mask, safety glasses, or
goggles. Place the center punch or strike in the lower corner of the window. Remove any
loose glass around the window opening with a tool. Follow this procedure until all glass
has been removed).
1.Any vehicles in which a person is entrapped must be _______ to prevent them from
shifting and inflicting more damage or injuries.
A. stabilized
B. hosed down
C. removed
D. left untouched
2.Which of the following tools is essential for stabilizing a vehicle?
A. Hydraulic jack
B. Block and tackle
C. High-pressure air bags
D. Cribbing
3.If possible, entry to a vehicle for rescue purposes should be made through the:
A. windshield.
B. doors.
C. roof.
D. trunk/hatch.
4.The phase of vehicle extraction that determines the nature and extent of the overall
situation is:
A. preparation.
B. disentanglement.
C. hazard control.
D. size-up.
5.Of the situations listed below, which would not apply to a shoring situation?
A. Vehicle stabilization
B. Earth openings
C. Cave-ins
D. Building collapse
6.When using pneumatic air bags to perform a lift, one should never stack more than
_______ bags.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
7.Which of the following would not be considered a confined space?
A. Utility vault
B. Septic tank
C. Trench box
D. Storage tank
8.The process of erecting materials such as wood panels, timber, or jacks to strengthen
a wall or prevent further collapse is known as:
A. shoring.
B. cribbing.
C. packing.
D. supporting.
9.The most common hazard encountered at a confined space incident is:
A. an oxygen deficient atmosphere.
B. engulfment.
C. collapse of structure.
D. entrapment.
10._______ glass is hardened glass designed to shatter into small pieces.
A. Tempered
B. Plastic-coated
C. Laminated
D. Shock-resistant
11.A passenger vehicle has several types of glass, including:
A. plate, safety, and laminated.
B. tempered and laminated.
C. safety and laminated.
D. shock-resistant.
12.The key to an efficient operation is proper _______ of the situation.
A. dispatch
B. assessment
C. triage
D. assignment
13.If rescues are able to get into a vehicle, their first action should be to:
A. begin extraction.
B. place a backboard.
C. assess/ protect the victim(s).
D. remove broken glass.
14.You are operating as a member of a rescue company at the scene of an auto
extrication. The scene, vehicle, and the patient(s) are stabilized, all hazards are
controlled, and access and disentanglement have been accomplished. The next step in the
extrication process should be:
A. termination and post-incident analysis.
B. patient packaging and patient removal.
C. transporting patient(s) to appropriate facilities.
D. initiating extrication operations on another vehicle, if needed.
15.Which of the following statements regarding air bags is incorrect?
A. Bags must be on or against a solid base.
B. You must crib as you lift.
C. Don not stack more than two bags.
D. When stacking two bags of different sizes the larger bag goes on top.
16.When extricating a patient from a motor vehicle crash, displacement/disentanglement
refers to the:
A. relocation of major parts (i.e., doors, roof dash).
B. cutting off components (I.e., brake pedal, steering wheel).
C. bending of sheet metal or components.
D. actual taking apart of the vehicle components.
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
How can an alternative-powered vehicle be identified?
By a single red vertical stripe on the right side of each bumper
By a cylinder-shaped sticker in the windshield and rear window
By a small handle protruding out under the far driver’s side of the front bumper
By a CNG sticker on the front and back of the vehicle
Level: Fire Fighter II.Page: 734
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What alternate fuel powers some forklifts, mass transit buses, and school buses?
Grain alcohol
Soy mash
Propane
Helium
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page: 735
3. When referring to the left or right side of a vehicle, what is the point of
reference?
A. As an observer in front of the car would see it
B. As a person standing on the driver’s side would see it
C. As an observer sitting in the driver’s seat would see it
D. As a person standing on the passenger’s side would see it
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page: 735
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What is the designation for the forward-most posts on a car?
The A posts
The forward posts
The bow posts
The number 1 posts
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page:
735
5. Why do many departments have a policy of placing apparatus at an angle to the crash
site at a vehicle accident?
A. Because this position presents the widest profile of flashing lights to oncoming
traffic
B. Because then the pump operator can see through the walkway of a mid-mount apparatus
and watch the scene as well as oncoming traffic
C. So that if it is struck from behind by an oncoming vehicle, it will be pushed off to
the side
D. So that it will present the largest possible barrier profile to oncoming traffic
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page: 735
6. What is the term for short lengths of robust timber used to stabilize a vehicle in
place?
A. Batting
B. Tatting
C. Cribbing
D. Bedding
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page: 738
7.
A.
D.
What absolutely must be used in conjunction with rescue lift airbags?
Cribbing
B. Hose tape
C. Blocking
Designator ribbon
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page:
739
8.
A.
B.
C.
D.
When using rescue lift airbags, boards and plywood must not be used:
underneath them.
on either side of them.
between or above them.
anywhere within fifteen feet of them.
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page:
739
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What shape of low-pressure rescue lift airbag offers the greatest stability?
Trapezoidal, short side in
Trapezoidal, short side out
Square
Circular
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page: 739
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
If a windshield must be removed to gain access, what tool is appropriate?
An axe
A spring-loaded center punch
A screwdriver
An Allen wrench (6mm)
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page:
743
11.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What is another term for a dash displacement?
A decompress
A come along
A dash roll-up
An anchor pull
Level:
Fire Fighter II. Page:
745
12.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What should be done with the front doors during a dash displacement?
They should be secured shut.
They should be continuously swung back and forth.
They should be tied open.
They should be rocked.
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page:
745
13.
A.
B.
C.
D.
To de-energize an airbag, what is the first step of the two-step procedure?
Ground the solenoid
Remove the cartridge
Unscrew the primer
Disconnect the battery
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page: 745
14. In doing a dash displacement, the dash is pushed forward by either a mechanical
high lift jack or:
A. a medium pressure airbag.
B. a high pressure airbag.
C. a hydraulic ram.
D. an air chisel.
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page: 745
15. During a dash displacement, once a crib has been built to hold the sill in the
proper position and prevent the dash from moving, what can then be done?
A. The jack can be extended.
B. The displacing tool can be removed.
C. The B post can be cut.
D. The airbag can be removed.
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page: 745
16.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What type of glass is the rear window of a vehicle?
Laminated
Insulated
Tempered
Plastic
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page:
743
17.
A.
B.
C.
D.
What analogy is appropriate when describing windshield glass?
An ice cube
An aspirin
A sandwich
A brick wall
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page:
743
18.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Can windshields be broken with a spring-loaded center punch?
No, not unless more than twenty punches are made
Yes, but only if the stress line is found and punched accurately
No, they cannot be broken with this tool
Yes, this is the tool of choice for breaking them
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page:
743
19.
A.
B.
C.
D.
How are most windshields affixed in place?
By spring retention clips
By use of a strong glue
By crimps of sheet metal
By dense rubber gaskets
Level:
Fire Fighter II. Page:
743
20.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Where should rescuers begin their cuts on a windshield?
Bottom, center
Middle, passenger side
Middle, driver side
Top, center
Level: Fire Fighter II. Page:
743
27.
from
A.
B.
C.
D.
Any vehicles in which a person is entrapped must be _____________ to prevent them
shifting and inflicting more damage or injuries.
stabilized
hosed down
removed
left untouched
28.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following tools is essential for stabilizing a vehicle?
hydraulic jack
block and tackle
high pressure air bags
cribbing
29.
A.
B.
C.
D.
If possible, entry to a vehicle for rescue purposes should be made through the
windshield
doors
roof
trunk/ hatch
30. The phase of a vehicle extraction that determines the nature and extent of the
overall situation is
A.
preparation
B.
disentanglement
C.
hazard control
D.
size up
31.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Of the situations listed below, which would not apply to a shoring situation?
vehicle stabilization
earth openings
cave ins
building collapse
32.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Powered hydraulic tools open and close by use of
air
fluid
steam
mechanical advantage
33. When using pneumatic air bags to perform a lift, one should never stack more than
_______bags:
A.
two
B.
three
C.
four
D.
five
38.
A.
B.
C.
D.
A passenger vehicle has several types of glass including.
plate, safety, and laminated
tempered and laminated
safety and laminated
shock resistant
39. The key to an efficient extrication operation is proper ______ of the situation.
A.
dispatch
B.
assessment
C.
triage
D.
assignment
40.
A.
B.
C.
D.
If rescuers are able to get into a vehicle, their first action should be to
begin extrication
place a backboard
assess/ protect the victim
remove the broken glass
41. You are operating as a member of a rescue company at the scene of an auto
extrication. The scene, vehicle, and the patient are stabilized, all hazards are
controlled, and access and disentanglement have been accomplished. The next step in the
extrication process should be:
A.
termination and post incident analysis
B.
patient packaging and patient removal
C.
transporting patient to appropriate facilities.
D.
initiating extrication operations on another vehicle, if needed.
42.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following statements regarding air bags is incorrect?
bags must be on or against a solid base
you must crib as you lift
do not stack more than two bags
when stacking tow bags of different sizes, the larger bag goes on top
43. When extricating a patient from a motor vehicle crash, displacement/
disentanglement refers to the:
A.
relocating of major parts
B.
cutting off of components
C.
bending of sheet metal or components
D.
actual taking apart of the vehicle components