UNIT 10
Diverse Cultures
And Traditions
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Diverse Cultures and Traditions
Location:
Throughout South Carolina
Landforms:
Mountain landscapes to flat coastal regions
Mountain lakes and streams to
coastal wetlands and river ways
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Topics
Population trends
European Settlement
Port Royal in the Civil War
Slavery
Study Sites
7A Lake Marion
9 Coastal Zone
9C Ace Basin
10A North Inlet
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Performance Task #13 pg. 7A-13
Analyze population changes in the Lake Marion Area
Materials:
State Base Map #2, With Highways
Lake Marion Topographic Map
Lake Marion Lithograph
Directions:
1. Note the trend of population growth in the Lake Marion area since the early
1940’s when the Pinopolis Dam was built.
2. Refer to the data table for specific numbers.
3. Graph the data for both Clarendon and Orangeburg counties in ten year
intervals and project total population numbers for the years 2000 and 2010.
(Your vertical axis should measure population and your horizontal axis
should measure time in years.)
4. Calculate the percentage increase in population for each county for each of
the ten year intervals and graph those results. (Your vertical axis should
measure percent increase and your horizontal axis should measure time in
years.)
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5. Which county has experienced the greatest population growth over that time
period?
6. Look at the area surrounding Lake Marion on the STATE BASE MAP #2,
WITH HIGHWAYS and also on the LAKE MARION TOPOGRAPHIC
MAP and the LAKE MARION LITHOGRAPH.
The following questions are not answered in the answers section of the teaching
manual. However, suggested answers are included with this document.
1. Make a list of land uses on the Orangeburg county side of the lake versus
land used on the Clarendon county side.
2. Are there any significant differences in land use?
3. Are there any landform-related reasons for those differences?
4. Try to explain the differences in population growth in Clarendon and
Orangeburg counties buy referring to landform characteristics or land use
patterns.
5. Are there other factors, besides the development of Lake Marion, which
might account for some of the population growth differences between these
two counties?
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Performance Task #13 pg. 7A-13
Analyze population changes in the Lake Marion Area
Answers:
1. You noted the trend of population growth in the Lake Marion area since the
early 1940’s when the Pinopolis Dam was built.
2. You graphed the data for both Clarendon and Orangeburg counties in ten
year intervals and project total population numbers for the years 2000 and
2010.
3. You graphed the percentage increase in population for each county for each
of the ten year intervals.
4. Orangeburg.
5. You looked at the area surrounding Lake Marion on the STATE BASE MAP
#2, WITH HIGHWAYS and also on the LAKE MARION TOPOGRAPHIC
MAP and the LAKE MARION LITHOGRAPH.
6. Suggestions for Orangeburg County land uses near Lake Marion: golf
course, state park, campground, landing strip, agriculture, etc. Suggestions
for Clarendon County land uses: wildlife refuge, campground, agriculture,
timber stands etc.
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7. Yes, the Clarendon County side has less agriculture, fewer residences, and no
landing strips.
8. Yes Clarendon County is lower in elevation near Lake Marion than
Orangeburg County.
9. Since Clarendon County is lower in elevation it is more flood prone which
would discourage people building houses there. Since there is more
agriculture in Orangeburg County people may be able to purchase food at
cheaper price. People may want to live near the golf course next to Lake
Marion.
10. Some possibilities are discussed in the previous answer.
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Performance Task #7 Pg.9-21
Ayllon’s travel route
Materials:
State base map #2, With Highways
Wipe-off pen
Exercise:
1. Locate the approximate site of the first European settlement in the United
States established by de Ayllon on State Base Map #2.
2. Which modern city is located nearest to this area?
3. Indicate on the map the route that de Ayllon traveled after leaving North
Carolina’s Cape Fear River.
4. What compass direction best describes his heading?
5. In what compass direction did he travel after he reached Winyah Bay?
6. Why do you think he traveled up Winyah Bay before stopping?
7. What attraction might Winyah Bay have had that convinced de Ayllon to
establish his settlement in this area?
8. List the geographic features that made Winyah Bay a good location.
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Performance Task #7 Pg.9-21
Ayllon’s travel route
Answers:
1. You located the approximate site of the first European settlement in the
United States established by de Ayllon on State Base Map #2.
2. Georgetown.
3. You indicated on the map the route that de Ayllon traveled after leaving
North Carolina’s Cape Fear River.
4. Southwest.
5. Generally, north.
6. To escape storms off the coast, to reach firmer ground, to find fresh water...
7. It’s a deep, protected harbor.
8. Rivers flowing into it; protection afforded by North Island and Waccamaw
Neck.
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Performance Task #6 pg.9C-8
Locate position of two forts protecting Port Royal
Materials:
ACE Basin Topographic Map
Wipe-Off Pen
Coastal Satellite Image
Exercise:
1. Locate the position of two forts protecting Port Royal.
2. On the ACE BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC MAP identify and mark the
approximate location of the two earthen forts that protected Port Royal
Sound before the Civil War.
3. Use the scale bar on the map to determine the approximate distance between
these forts.
4. On the same map, locate St. Helena Island and the community of Frogmore
where the Penn Center is located.
5. Describe the terrain of this island.
6. How would you get to the Penn Center (Frogmore) from your school?
7. Is it on a barrier or remnant island?
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8. What is it’s height above sea level?
9. Find as many of these features as you can on the COASTAL SATELLITE
IMAGE.
10. Can you find Penn Center on the image? Why or why not?
There may be an error in the teaching manual given to you on page 9C-8 and 9C-9.
The transition from page 9C-8 to 9C-9 should read as follows: Geography played a
major role in the Civil War as both sides planned battle strategies for defending
their own posts and attacking the enemy forces. In your group, discuss how
geography presented possible defensive problems for the Confederate forces and
how geography might have influenced the Union invasion plans for Port Royal
Sound.
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Performance Task #6 pg.9C-8
Locate position of two forts protecting Port Royal
Answers:
1. You located the position of the two forts protecting Port Royal.
2. On the ACE BASIN TOPOGRAPHIC MAP you identified and marked the
approximate location of the two earthen forts that protected Port Royal
Sound before the Civil War.
3. Approximately 4 miles.
4. You located St. Helena Island and the community of Frogmore where the
Penn Center is located.
5. The terrain is made up of a low ridge running NE-SW, with tidal marshes off
both sides.
6. Answers will vary but to reach the island by land, travelers must use US Hwy
21.
7. St. Helena is a remnant island.
8. Between 6’ and 8’.
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9. You found as many features as you could on the COASTAL SATELLITE
IMAGE.
10. St. Helena Island is not shown on COASTAL SATELLITE IMAGE so
Penn Center can’t be identified.
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Performance Task #11 pg. 10A-11
Analyze why escape was difficult for slaves
Materials:
North Inlet Topographic Map
State Base Map #1, Shaded Relief
Exercises:
1. Study the NORTH INLET TOPOGRAPHIC MAP and the STATE BASE
MAP #1, SHADED RELIEF.
2. Why do you think escape was extremely difficult for the African slaves
during the period from the early 1700’s to the mid 1800’s?
3. What were the problems they encountered in escaping from plantations?
4. Before the advent of highways, where could they go?
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Performance Task #11 pg. 10A-11
Analyze why escape was difficult for slaves
Answers:
1. You studied the NORTH INLET TOPOGRAPHIC MAP and the STATE
BASE MAP #1, SHADED RELIEF.
2. Answers will vary. Suggestions: Waccamaw Neck is rather isolated by ocean
water and big rivers.
3. Socio-economically, escape was difficult for many reasons. For example: how
would the slaves purchase necessities, where would they live…
4. Before the advent of highways, rivers where used as the main means of
transportation.
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