INTER-AGENCY PROTECTION CLUSTER
in INDONESIA
CONTINGENCY AND
PREPAREDNESS PLAN
12 June 2008
Final Version
(Revised/Updated 15 July 2008)
Table of Contents
I.
Introduction
3
II.
Definition, Objective, Strategy
3
III.
Scope
4
IV. Previous Protection Responses to Emergencies in Indonesia
4
V.
4
Organisation of the Protection Cluster
VI. Key Cluster Members
4
VII. Key government partners
5
VIII. Logistics for the Protection Cluster
5
IX. Definition of Scenarios
A. Medium Impact Scenario
B. Large Impact Scenario
C. Pandemic/Avian Influenza Scenario (Phase 6)
5
5
6
7
X.
7
Limitations to the Plan and to Response Capacity
XI. Contingency Plan for Emergency Response Interventions
9
XII. Preparedness Plan and Capacity-Building Activities
17
Annexes:
A. Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
B. Summary of Lessons Learned and Recommendations from Implementation of the Cluster Approach to
the Earthquake in Yogyakarta, 2006-07
2
INDONESIA PROTECTION CLUSTER
CONTINGENCY AND PREPAREDNESS PLAN
I.
Introduction
In disaster-prone countries, it is imperative that the humanitarian community maintains a capacity to respond
quickly and effectively to emergencies. This is particularly true in the area of protection, as the full range of
fundamental human rights are exposed in aftermath of disasters and other emergency events.
In order to guide and strengthen future humanitarian response, the inter-agency1 humanitarian community in
Indonesia undertook a contingency planning exercise from February to May 2008. As part of this process,
national and international organisations/agencies in Indonesia with expertise in promoting protection and
human rights worked together to analyse the past emergency experiences in Indonesia, the various protection
threats they cause, and the capacity required to respond effectively. This inter-agency group is known as the
Protection Cluster. The result of their work is this contingency and preparedness plan.
This contingency plan is intended to serve as a guide to any emergency response; it is not prescriptive and
should not be viewed as such. However, it does provide the foundation for the types of immediate responses
that are likely to be necessary during an emergency. The preparedness plan sets forth some immediate
activities that must be undertaken in order to build and maintain a capacity to respond to protection issues
during emergencies.
All partners involved in the Protection Cluster are fully committed to working in partnership with the
Government of Indonesia. However, it is important to state that this contingency and preparedness plan is not
a joint plan. Rather it is intended to identify the support that national and international NGOs, UN agencies
and international organisations in Indonesia can offer the Government of Indonesia (GoI) in times of
emergencies and in advance. Although not a joint plan, it is intended that this plan will promote complimentary
planning and action between the GoI and non-governmental actors in the Indonesian context.
II.
Definition, Objective, Strategy
Protection is defined as all activities aimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual in
accordance with the letter and the spirit of the relevant bodies of law (i.e. human rights, humanitarian and
refugee law). Human rights and humanitarian actors shall conduct these activities impartially and not on the
basis of race, national or ethnic origin, language, gender, etc.2 Protective activities aim to create an
environment in which human dignity is respected, specific patterns of abuse are prevented or their immediate
effects alleviated, and dignified conditions of life are restored through reparation, restitution and rehabilitation. 3
The key objective of the Indonesia Protection Cluster is to ensure that any response to natural and complex
disasters in Indonesia, including pandemics, promotes and protects the fundamental rights of those affected,
including the most vulnerable persons and groups, in an impartial manner and in accordance with
international human rights and humanitarian laws and frameworks.
The strategy of the Indonesia Protection Cluster is to:
- Ensure a protection framework exists for response to disasters
- Ensure emergency interventions address the most vulnerable
- Ensure protection concerns and approaches are effectively mainstreamed into the work of all clusters
- Promote and undertake targeted preparedness activities to build the capacity of Government and nongovernment actors in Indonesia to more effectively respond to emergencies when they arise
1
Including national and international NGOs, UN agencies, and international organisations.
IASC (2002), Growing the Sheltering Tree: Protecting Rights through Humanitarian Action, page 11.
3 IASC (2006), “Women, Girls, Boys and Men: Different Needs – Equal Opportunities”, page 12.
2
3
III.
Scope
This contingency plan addresses the protection of persons and groups of persons physically present in
Indonesia who experience an emergency caused by a natural disaster, civil unrest or pandemic.
IV.
Previous Protection Responses to Emergencies in Indonesia
Integral to effective humanitarian assistance is the ability to continually improve efforts by replicating
successes and eradicating mistakes. Attempts to improve “learning” in humanitarian response have markedly
increased in recent years, producing a number of evaluations and “lessons learned” after each emergency.
The tragic events of the 26 December 2004 Tsunami and the 27 May 2006 earthquake in Java (Yogyakarta)
left behind many lessons for the humanitarian community in Indonesia. These lessons were considered during
the drafting of this plan. Lessons from the experience with the cluster approach, which was used in
Yogyakarta, have been summarized and attached as Annex B.
V.
Organisation of the Protection Cluster
While the Protection Cluster in Indonesia covers the wide range of protection and human rights threats that
exist during emergencies, the majority of its concern and efforts focus on the five areas identified below.
UNICEF is the lead agency for the protection cluster in Indonesia, supported by the Human Rights Adviser to
the UNCT. They function as a secretariat, serving to coordinate the collaborative inter-agency process of
preventing, planning for, and responding to protection violations during emergencies. Other agencies/
organisations provide leadership to sub-clusters as noted below.
Sub-cluster and lead:
- Rule of Law and Justice - UNDP
- Prevention of and Response to Gender-Based Violence (GBV) - UNFPA
- Protection of Children - UNICEF
- Protection of Persons or Groups of Persons with Specific Protection Needs - IOM/ICMC
- Land, Housing and Property Issues - UN-HABITAT
UNICEF notes the inherent challenges that come with its responsibility to serve as the lead agency for both
the overall Protection Cluster as well as for the Protection of Children sub-cluster in Indonesia. Chief among
these challenges is a possible competition for attention and support, with either one or both groups receiving
less support than they need, and the risk that the overall Protection Cluster will be dominated by child
protection issues and actors.
To meet these challenges and minimise these risks, UNICEF Indonesia has begun to explore the possibility of
sharing the formal responsibility for leadership of the Protection of Children sub-cluster with a key partner
INGO. UNICEF is committed to ensuring both the Protection Cluster and the child protection sub-cluster
function as designed and needed.
VI.
Key Cluster Members
The agencies identified below have been, to date, the most active members of the Protection Cluster in
Indonesia:
-
UNICEF
Human Rights Advisor to the UN Resident Coordinator
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Save the Children (US and UK)
Christian Children’s Fund (CCF)
World Vision
HOPE worldwide
International Catholic Migration Commission (ICMC)
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia
Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
4
-
UNDP
UNFPA
Plan International
UN-HABITAT
However, the cluster has enjoyed participation and contributions from a wide variety of stakeholders.
Numerous organisations and agencies beyond those listed above have participated in various workshops,
drafted the core elements of the matrices below, and have reviewed the initial drafts of the full plan. These
agencies will continue to be involved in various levels of the ongoing preparedness process as appropriate, as
participation in the cluster remains open to any organisation active in Indonesia who is working on human
rights or protection.
Detailed mapping of the main international and national protection organisations and main governmental
partners, including their current areas of expertise and geographic focus of activity, will be finalised and
published separately.
VII.
Key government partners
Unlike other clusters, there is no single GoI ministry responsible for “protection” with whom the Protection
Cluster should clearly coordinate. Instead, there are a number of ministries, offices and State institutions
working on the range of issues encompassed under the umbrella of the Protection Cluster. Among the most
salient of these are:
-
VIII.
Planning and Development Board (Bappenas / Bappeda)
Ministry of Women’s Empowerment (KPP / Biro PP)
Department of Social Affairs (DepSos / Dinsos)
Police of the Republic of Indonesia (POLRI)
National Land Agency (BPN)
National Independent Human Rights Institution (Komnas HAM)
Department of Manpower and Transmigration (Depnakertrans)
Coordinating Minister for People’s Welfare (Menkokesra)
Logistics for the Protection Cluster and its emergency response activities
IOM has committed to be responsible for Logistics Support for Initial emergency response and eventual
relocation (transport, provision of NFIs).
IX.
Definition of Scenarios
Located in the “Ring of Fire”, Indonesia is at high risk for many types of emergencies, particularly natural
disasters. Indonesia is at risk for volcano eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, landslides, forest fires,
droughts, cyclones and high tides, pandemics (including avian influenza), and inter-communal violence and
urban social unrest. The IASC Contingency Plan for Indonesia (2008) notes that, according to a Emergency
Management evaluation of 2006-07 conducted by the Government of Indonesia, floods create the largest
disasters, earthquakes are the deadliest, and fires cause the largest material losses.
The impact of a disaster depends on the scale of the disaster, the population density in the affected area, the
accessibility of the affected area and the pre-existing conditions of the area (e.g. such as poverty). The
following scenarios have been selected by the IASC as the most relevant for consideration in contingency
planning.
A. Medium Impact Scenario
In rural settings, possible triggers are:
 A volcano erupts in a densely populated area during the rainy season, with a violent eruption. Even
though the government had put in place some preparedness measures prior to the eruption, the thrust of
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia
Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
5
the activity is such that affects a wide rural area encompassing a total of 250,000 affected people. IDPs
number is 50,000 (20% of the affected people) and the death toll is placed at 5,000 (2%). 75,000 persons
(30%) suffer from respiratory problems. In terms of infrastructure, only limited health facilities are
available and the water system is paralyzed. Ashes are falling in a 50 km circle around volcano and the
eruption has caused widespread economic disruption in this affected province.

Floods hit four provinces during the peak of the harvest season, also affecting 250,000 people. The
floods cause damages to the existing infrastructure such as bridges and roads but also have major impact
on the livelihoods of the affected people. Communications, water systems, public facilities, electricity, and
transportation are paralyzed. At the same time, only minimum medical supplies are available in
Indonesia. There are 200,000 people displaced (80% of the affected population), and the death toll is
estimated at 1,250 (0.5%). All four individual provincial governments have requested assistance for two
weeks of overlaps since the onset of the disaster and continue for eight weeks.
Affected areas
Persons
in
need
humanitarian assistance
4 provinces are affected in the case of flooding
of Around 250,000 people are affected, with over 200,000 displaced in
the case of flooding
Intervention objectives
Interveners
Duration
Save lives and protect the rights of people in emergency affected
areas
UN Agencies, International Organisations, ICRC, National Red Cross,
NGOs, civil and military authorities
6 Months
B. Large Impact Scenario
Within the Indonesian context, a major impact scenario can be particularly envisaged taking place when major
urban areas are affected. The following are some of the possible scenarios:
 A large earthquake occurs in a heavily populated area of Indonesia, at a time of a major holiday when
government officials are not easily reachable. Health services, communications, water systems, public
facilities, electricity, and transportation are disrupted. The number of affected people is estimated at
500,000 (50,000 of them are conflict-affected IDPs), while the total number of IDPs amounts to 200,000
(40% of the affected population). The death toll amounts to 30,000 persons (6%) and more than 100,000
persons (20%) have resulted injured. In terms of damage, 125,000 houses have been totally destroyed
(25%) and 100,000 houses moderately damaged (20%).

A widespread civil unrest in major urban centres caused due to unemployment and political turmoil,
generates widespread paralysis in the economic activities, bringing to a halt services. More than 500,000
people are affected, with major needs foreseen in water and sanitation facilities, food, protection,
psychosocial support, emergency shelter, early recovery, health care (basic services) and education.
Humanitarian actors face the challenge on communications, ensuring staff safety and security, and
securing financial resources for the required humanitarian assistance.
Affected areas
Persons in need of
humanitarian assistance
Intervention objectives
Interveners
Duration
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia
Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
In the case of a major earthquake, 2 Provinces are affected. In the
case of civil unrest, it affects all major urban areas in Indonesia.
In all these cases, the population affected is 500,000.
Save lives and protect the rights of people in emergency affected
areas
UN Agencies, International Organisations, ICRC, National Red
Cross, NGOs, civil and military authorities
6 months
6
C. Pandemic/Avian Influenza Scenario (Phase 6)
Parts of Indonesia are affected with a very quick onset of Avian and Pandemic Influenza, from within the
country, both developing in small areas in Indonesia and expanding to other areas.
The assumptions built for this scenario are that we do not know how quickly pandemic will move, but the
Government of Indonesia (GoI) may not request humanitarian assistance only until it reaches Phase 6, which
is too late for any intervention. It is also foreseen that during pandemic peaks, inter-agency staff cannot move,
and that population control measures might be unclear where the military may force people to distance from
each other.
Affected areas
Persons in need of
humanitarian assistance
Intervention objectives
Interveners
Duration
X.
All the country
X % of the total population (to be confirmed by WHO)
Prevent wider dissemination of the virus, save lives and protect the
rights of people in emergency affected areas
UN Agencies, International Organisations, ICRC, National Red Cross,
NGOs, civil and military authorities
6 months
Limitations to the Plan and to Response Capacity
The size and diversity of Indonesia prevent detailed protection analyses, forecasting or prescriptive recipes for
response from being designed. The country is simply too large and too diverse to surmise in advance the
myriad of issues that may arise or to design responses for each. The protection issues facing one district in
the aftermath of a disaster could vary greatly from those facing another district. Factors such as demographic
make-up; cultural and anthropological elements of the affected community (e.g. in terms of women’s roles);
the previous existence of armed conflict or religious/ethnic tensions; and the capacity, including resources, of
local government are among the factors that would shape the nature of protection risks that may arise during
or after an emergency.
Despite these limitations, a number of issues that commonly threaten the protection of Indonesia’s residents
can be gathered. The response and preparedness strategies outlined in this document aim to identify these
most prevalent threats, those that are most likely to occur during or after an emergency, and to set forth those
interventions that are of highest priority.
Several limitations affected the process of creating this contingency plan. These include having only limited
knowledge of detailed demographics of the country, especially in remote and indigenous areas, and having
only limited time to map current capacities (3 Ws). The latter was attempted during this planning process, but
limited time and human resources on the part of all partners prevented the completion of this activity. It has
therefore been moved to be part of the preparedness activities. A similar limitation is not having a full
understanding of who the local protections partners are, their capacity, location, etc.
Several gaps in the overall capacity of protection partners in the country merit specific mention. The first is the
lack of capacity for data and information management. None of the members of the protection cluster have
capacity for significant data collection on, or profiling of, the affected populations. However, this is not a
debilitating gap in Indonesia, unlike other country contexts. The GoI holds the primary responsibility for
documenting and profiling the affected population, and has proven to have sufficient capacity to fulfil this
responsibility during an emergency. Thus, building capacity in the international community for profiling is not a
priority. However, it was noted that the type of data that the GoI collects could be improved, particularly in
terms of disaggregation by gender and age and other vulnerabilities (e.g. disability). Currently, the members
of the Protection Cluster do not have capacity in-house to assume this responsibility or to significantly assist in
the strengthening of GoI capacity. This is an area the cluster mechanism or the IASC (beyond the Protection
Cluster) should examine and support.
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia
Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
7
Another limitation is the currently weak capacity for responding to emergencies in urban areas. Large newly
urbanised areas where self-help structures and social resilience may be weaker or untested were specifically
identified by some members of the cluster as a priority area for future consideration.
A final limitation involves the identification of practical priority emergency response actions for the Rule of Law
and Justice (RoL) and Land, Housing and Property Issues (LHP) sub-clusters. Identification of priority actions
focused more heavily on preparedness actions. This is due in part to the improved nature of the rule of law in
Indonesia and the GoI’s improvements in human rights protection. As such, some cluster members felt that
the Protection Cluster could best support protection during emergency by working before the emergency to
build capacity (e.g. translate laws, raise awareness of the community on their rights, and prepare
knowledgeable focal points for pre-emergency advocacy).
However, the focus on preparedness activities over response activities among the RoL and the LHP subclusters is also, in part, a reflection of the global characteristics of these two technical areas, which have not
traditionally been among the core interventions implemented during emergency relief operations. However,
innovations in emergency response in both Indonesia and in other countries have occurred in recent years,
suggesting new options for activities during the emergency relief stage. These should continue to be
analysed, adapted and mainstreamed, as applicable, for future use in Indonesia.
Additional limitations to the actual implementation of an emergency response could include:
 Lack of access (physical)
 Limited human resource capacities for emergency response (knowledge and capacity increasing after
Tsunami & Yogya, but still rapidly turns over/leaves and most of Indonesia work is development-focused)
 International Standards – limited knowledge of or adherence to international standards, including law,
guidelines and approaches (such as Sphere, IA Guidelines on Psychosocial and Mental Health), among
both local actors (government, cbo/ngo) and some international staff (especially those brought in for the
emergency response, who may not have sufficient applicable experience)
 National Standards – limited knowledge within the existing international protection community of all
various national legal frameworks (e.g. new disaster management laws & structures, the laws that may
come into force during emergencies (e.g. martial law), etc). New international staff deployed for an
emergency would have limited knowledge as well.
 Weak national monitoring systems and data collection/management on profile of emergency-affected
population and/or social protection issues
 Limited knowledge of specific culture of affected area
 Limited understanding on protection risks during pandemics
 Limited understanding of capacity gaps in other clusters on Human Rights Based Approaches to
Programming
 Weak support within agencies on legal counselling and legal support
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia
Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
8
XI.
Contingency Plan for Emergency Response Interventions
Unlike other sectors, the response required in the protection sector are not easily analysed or quantified by the general type of emergency or level of impact. The basic types
of protection threats facing people, especially vulnerable persons and groups, remain generally the same across various emergencies. Given the numerous variables included
in the five scenarios identified for this exercise (see Section IX above), the Indonesia Protection Cluster determined that it was not feasible or user-friendly to design
hypothetical response plans tailored to each of the scenarios. Instead, the general threats and core interventions most likely required during an emergency in Indonesia have
been identified and presented below.
The interventions described below are not prescriptive action plans, but rather the identification of core interventions required to respond to emergencies in Indonesia. This
plan is a living document, meant to be revised and updated as necessary, and tailored to the unique needs of a particular emergency. As natural disasters comprise the
majority of emergencies in Indonesia, the responses required for a natural disaster drove plan components, more so than did considerations of civil unrest or pandemic. Thus,
during those two latter emergency situations, it is likely that some additional tailoring of the plan may be required.
It should be noted that the factor of population displacement has a clearer impact on the types of protection threats faced, the magnitude and scope of those threats, and the
responses they require, than does the type of disaster. Higher levels of displacement create more protection risks, regardless of the cause.
Priority Interventions
(within first 6 weeks)
Protection concerns
Secondary Interventions
(6 weeks to 6 months)
Gaps and Additional Resources
Required
Cross-Cutting Interventions
Objective: Ensure that all persons and groups of persons have their right to equal protection before the law fully respected
-
-
-
-
-
-
Affected individuals, families or communities do
not have equal access to assistance and
services, including all forms of aid and protection
services
Inadequate consultation with affected populations
in identification of emergency needs and
planning/implementation of disaster response
State actors and humanitarian community are not
fully transparent or accountable on finances or
project management
Beneficiaries and/or host community members
are at risk of abuse and exploitation, especially
sexual, by emergency response actors (including
international and national staff, agencies and
organisations, and government) and its own
community member
Emergency-affected individuals experience
psychosocial or mental health problems that
threaten their overall protection.
Affected populations, esp. the displaced and
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Conduct a broad-based protection rapid
assessment within 72 hours
To liaise with other clusters, esp. cluster
leads, to ensure that protection issues are
being mainstreamed into all sectors. Attend
meetings of other clusters where
possible/advantageous.
Ensure participation of vulnerable groups in
the community from the start of the
emergency response
In cluster meetings, encourage participating
agencies to have all staff sign the Code of
Conduct
In cluster meetings, provide IASC
guidelines on mental health and
psychosocial interventions
Liaise with government on the re-issuance
of identity documents
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Socialize to local governments & CSOs
the right to equal protection guaranteed
by the law No. 24/2007 concerning
Disaster Management
Develop effective monitoring &
evaluation mechanism in disaster
management to avoid the misuse of the
public resources
Develop transparency & openness
procedure in the use of public resource
in disaster management
Ensure ongoing liaison with other
clusters, ensure that protection is
mainstreamed through all cluster
response
Encourage ongoing consultation and
participation of beneficiaries
Continue to liaise with government on
the re-issuance of identity documents
and advocate for any segments of the
-
-
-
Mental health and psychosocial
guidelines and handbook on
protection of IDPs not available in
Bahasa Indonesia
Lack of country-level guidelines or
implementation of systems to
prevent and respond to
exploitation and abuse of
beneficiaries
Lack of concise but
comprehensive protection
common assessment tool
9
Priority Interventions
(within first 6 weeks)
Protection concerns
-
Secondary Interventions
(6 weeks to 6 months)
population that have not yet been
included
those in camps, face increased threats to basic
daily security (e.g. increased crime)
Emergency affected people have no
documentation (lost or never owned) and are
unable to gain new documentation in reasonable
time
Gaps and Additional Resources
Required
Rule of Law and Justice
Objective: To strengthen central, provincial and local administration of justice systems
and to increase access to justice and accountability
Sub-cluster Lead: UNDP, with support from HRA
Inadequate understanding of relevant rights and
corresponding obligations (relevant guidelines,
principles, etc)
National and international actors (government and
non-government) are not fully aware of applicable
laws during emergencies, including emergency
provisions (and their compatibility with international
standards) and relevant responsible institutions
The justice and security institutions (legal
frameworks, resources, and training) may not have
adequate capacity to function (i.e. courts, prosecutors
office, police, corrections and military) during an
emergency
1.
1.
2.
2.
Raise awareness among relevant actors
(vulnerable groups, authorities,
humanitarian community, etc) of applicable
national and international laws and
guidelines
Disseminate easily understandable digest of
national, international laws and guidelines
through media, government and non
government partners
Engage relevant government institutions,
national human rights institutions and civil
society organisations in developing
framework for effective complaints system
-
-
-
3.
Establish dialogues with relevant authorities
on rule of law and access to justice
4.
Develop (or support existing) effective and
accessible complaints system
5.
Use local human rights institutions to
monitor situation in communities and to
identify abuses, including excessive
security response
-
An effective complaints system may not be
functioning properly
Excessive or arbitrary security response may be
employed
Assess the impact of the disaster on rule of
law and access to justice; clarify what legal
frameworks are being applied and
document the level of function of the justice
system
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
-
Not all relevant international
documents are translated into
Bahasa Indonesia
No easily understandable digest
of national, International laws and
guidelines is available
Need to ensure compatibility of
applicable nationals laws and
guidelines with international
standards
Lack of harmonization on the
relevant local and national laws
Unclear roles of each relevant
government officials in disaster
management issues
Unknown capacity of justice and
security institutions preparedness
in responding to emergency
situation, particularly in the most
vulnerable disaster areas
Lack of understanding on existing
framework & practices of public
complaints
10
Priority Interventions
(within first 6 weeks)
Protection concerns
Secondary Interventions
(6 weeks to 6 months)
Gaps and Additional Resources
Required
PREVENTION OF AND RESPONSE TO GBV
Objective: To prevent and respond to GBV in line with IASC guidelines and strengthen government and non-government structures,
systems and services to promote and protect the rights of all people in relation to GBV, especially women and girls
Sub-cluster lead: UNFPA
GBV PREVENTION
-
The gender-specific needs, especially of women
and girls, are not identified or addressed during
assessments and project interventions
-
Due to poverty, loss of livelihood, displacement,
death of a spouse or parent, or other factors,
people are at increased risk of domestic violence,
sexual exploitation (including child marriage,
forced marriage), trafficking, or sexual violence,
especially women and girls
-
Lack of proper support for family care
-
Unsafe design of temporary shelter/housing for
the displaced
-
Women and girls are not included in the planning
and decision making of interventions (incl WASH,
health, shelter), especially in the design and
management of a camp.
-
Women and girls do not have access to basic
services and facilities
Breakdown of the social, security and protection
system limits law enforcement or justice
1.
Conduct rapid-needs assessments on the
situation of GBV and/or ensure GBV is
included in multi-sector rapid needs
assessment, including analysis of cultural
understanding of GBV and existing security
response and legal follow up
1.
Ensure development or expansion of data
collection systems, following standards for
confidentiality
2.
Liaise with the education cluster to ensure
girls’ and boys’ access to education
2.
Liaise with other sectors to ensure
mainstreaming of gender and GBV focus
3.
3.
Promote the participation of women and
girls in assessments and all community
participation in project design and
implementation (e.g. WASH, food, health,
etc)
Establish or strengthen existing community
protection committees, volunteers or leaders
to monitor protection threats against women
and girls, including movements of visitors to
communities, ability to access services,
4.
Conduct awareness raising/ IEC activities to
the community such as providing information
about sexual violence, early marriage,
domestic violence
5.
Conduct awareness raising/IEC activities
about the availability of medical services for
survivors (as culturally appropriate)
6.
Disseminate information on international and
national humanitarian law
7.
Train health service providers and security
officers in GBV management.
8.
Ensure women can access livelihood
activities,
9.
Within IDP camps, install security measures
for housing compounds (e.g. where barracks
are used)
4.
Raise the awareness of female beneficiaries
on the needs of their rights and participation
in disaster/conflict management
5.
Identify women leaders and establish
women’s committees (where appropriate)
6.
Ensure that plans for any camps or others
sites include shelters for sexual violence
victims and provide for safe fuel collection
strategies
7.
8.
Provide community-based psychosocial
support activities for all women, including
GBV survivors.
Identify key partners, including
organisations, individuals, institutions, and
groups that are already contributing to
protection from sexual violence. (or who can
be mobilized)
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
Deployment of female police or military
officers
Need to identify partner from local
women NGOs or Women
Empowerment office
10. Train police to increase their capacity to
recognize threats and to better protect
women and girls
11
Priority Interventions
(within first 6 weeks)
Protection concerns
9.
Establish systems for compiling anonymous
incident data so that cases can be
addressed and trends and protection issues
can be identified.
1.
Liaise with hospitals and medical service
providers and partners to ensure MISP
(Minimum Initial Service Package) is
implemented
Secondary Interventions
(6 weeks to 6 months)
Gaps and Additional Resources
Required
GBV RESPONSE
-
-
Survivors of GBV are unable to access
appropriate health services as many international
and national actors (govt & NGO) are unaware of
international and national clinical protocols for
survivors of rape and other sexual violence
Referral centres and pathways do not exist in all
areas of the country (PPT, the Integrated Service
Centres)
2.
3.
1.
Ensure functioning referral mechanisms for
GBV survivors
2.
Disseminate international and national
clinical management of rape protocols to all
medical service providers
Establish community monitoring and reporting
mechanisms
3.
Set up psychosocial support activities special
for couples
Review existing referral mechanisms and
strengthen or establish where missing.
Establish common forms where necessary.
4.
Develop alternative safe shelter options for
survivors & witnesses
5.
Train police, courts, social workers and
medical providers on GBV and identify focal
points
6.
Build networks with judges, prosecutors,
police, and traditional systems to ensure that
existing laws relating to sexual violence are
upheld.
-
There is limited access to justice for survivors.
-
Many police are not trained in or sensitive to
gender issues, especially gender-based violence
4.
Women may not feel comfortable to seek
assistance for GBV issues or may not know how
to
Establish short-term security objectives and
indicators for minimum response to sexual
violence.
5.
Establish strategies for improving security,
combining a targeted, proactive presence
around specific “hotspots” with a less
routine, widespread, and mobile presence
that gives protected persons and potential
violators a sense that someone is “always
around.”
-
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
Deployment of female police or military
officers
Need to identify partner from local
women NGOs or Women
Empowerment office
12
Priority Interventions
(within first 6 weeks)
Protection concerns
Secondary Interventions
(6 weeks to 6 months)
Gaps and Additional Resources
Required
Protection of Children
To strengthen the capacity of government, non-governmental organisations, communities, families and children
to ensure a family- and community-based protective environment for children and adolescents during emergencies
Sub-cluster lead: UNICEF
-
Children are separated from their families during
emergencies4
-
“Secondary” separation of children from families
is caused by families’ placement of their children
into institution to receive assistance
-
The destruction and disruption of daily life
caused by emergencies impacts the social and
psychological worlds of children
-
Children and adolescents become more at risk of
abuse, violence, neglect or exploitation,
perpetrated both at home (by those known to
children) and by others looking to exploit the
emergency.
-
Children are more at-risk especially for
prostitution, domestic servitude, or plantation
work; or aid-worker related abuse/exploitation.
-
Children and adolescents are at risk of trafficking,
particularly during the transition phase (once the
immediate response phase ends)
-
Adolescents are marginalized and not able to
access services, especially adolescent-headed
households.
-
Where disasters occur in areas with communal
tensions, risk of recruitment of children,
especially adolescents, into armed groups is
increased.
-
Children/adolescents may become involved in
violations of the law in the aftermath of disasters
or during civil unrests
1.
2.
3.
Conduct rapid assessment of the situation
of children and adolescents (or ensure it is
included in a multi-sectoral assessment)
Where there is immediate family separation:
a. within 72 hours, begin to identify and
document separated children; begin
family tracing activities
b. Identify members of FTR Network
c. Identify the agency focal point for
Database Administration, Case
Management, and Coordination
d. Adopt common code of ethics for use of
data
e. Rollout database
f. Regularly monitor children’s institutions
for “secondary” or “voluntary”
separation
Respond to the psychosocial needs of
children and adolescents, especially
through normalizing activities
a. Through consultation with community
members and children/adolescents,
design culturally appropriate and
age/gender appropriate psychosocial
activities.
b. Identify existing spaces that can be
used as child-friendly spaces; where
necessary, establish temporary
structures for CFS
c. Link to education interventions to
mainstream psychosocial support
through schools
Continue priority interventions where necessary,
and add:
Direct Interventions
1. Strengthen existing government referral
mechanisms and assistance
2. Establish (or support existing) communitybased outreach and monitoring networks (e.g.
CBOs, volunteers, community workers, child
protection committees) to support vulnerable
families and monitor/report/address
incidences of child abuse, neglect or
exploitation
3. Follow-up reunified children
4. Expand psychosocial/recreational activities
for children and adolescents (as needed)
A well functioning CP information
management system
Need to discuss among key partners
in country the particular issues around
FTR; invited a technical visit from
Global FTR Network
Trainings
5. Build capacity of community partners and
government on existing laws/regulations/legal
frameworks related to trafficking, violence and
alternative care
6. Conduct trainings for NGOs on Child Safe
Organisations toolkit (SCUK)
7. Conduct trainings on basic CP and CPIE
through CPIE Toolkit, especially for social
workers
8. Disseminate Child Protection CD-Rom elearning materials to government social
workers, communities, and police
9. Conduct specialized trainings on various
issues (e.g. using the forms, database)
10. Train health workers and police on child
protection, especially to identify and refer
cases of abuse, exploitation
4
With regards to the natural disaster emergency scenarios identified for this contingency planning exercise, there is not sufficient information to know whether the separation of children from
their families will be a significant problem. Recent experience in Indonesia has shown that separation is influenced by the type and scale of the disaster and by the level of sudden population
displacement, among other factors.
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
13
Protection concerns
d.
Priority Interventions
(within first 6 weeks)
Incorporate/adapt global principles on
child friendly spaces
4.
Prevent and address/respond to cases of
abuse, violence, neglect and exploitation of
children and adolescents
a. Identify/strengthen existing referral
systems for severe cases of abuse or
trafficking
b. Support the establishment of border
check-point to prevent trafficking of
children
c. Liaise and coordinate with
policewomen, especially those already
working in women’s and children’s
police desks, possibility for community
policing to prevent incidences of
violence
d. Raise awareness of CPIE partners of
existing referral and response
capacities
5.
Promote the involvement of adolescents
and youth in the assessment, design and
implementation of activities from CPIE and
all sectors
Ensure that children in conflict with the law
or involved in civil unrests are treated in
accordance with international standards and
juvenile justice principles
a) Ensure that children in detention are
separated from adults and receive fair
treatment free from violence and abuse
b) Ensure that children undergoing justice
procedures are accompanied by
parents/guardians/social worker and
have access to legal services
c) Support independent monitoring of the
situation of juveniles in detention with
possibility for complaints
6.
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
Secondary Interventions
(6 weeks to 6 months)
Gaps and Additional Resources
Required
Coordination/Advocacy
11. Ensure youth and vulnerable families where
children are particularly at risk (e.g. single
headed households) are involved in the
livelihood support interventions (link to
livelihoods sector)
12. Formal and NF Education for all school-age
children/adolescents (link to ed sector)
13. Prevent institutionalization of children
(secondary separation effect)
a. Advocate to Government and
international community not to set up
new orphanages
b. Link to livelihoods cluster/sector for
targeted assistance to families
14. Advocate for upholding international
standards and CRC related to children in
conflict/contact with law
14
Priority Interventions
(within first 6 weeks)
Protection concerns
Secondary Interventions
(6 weeks to 6 months)
Gaps and Additional Resources
Required
Protection of Persons or Groups of Persons with specific protection needs 5
Objective: To support and strengthen the protective environment for vulnerable populations and ensure their access to services by
expanding and strengthening government, non-government and community-based structures and mechanisms
Sub-cluster lead: IOM/ICMC
-
No clear prior identification of vulnerable groups
(who they are and where they are) nationwide
1.
Ensure assessments include mechanisms
to identify vulnerable groups
-
Inadequate information on needs and rights of
people with specific protection needs (see non
exhaustive list below) among practitioners
minorities,
migrants,
IDPs,
elderly,
persons with disability,
those in institutions (including prisons),
house bound,
single households,
adolescents/youth
those not accessing services (e.g. either by
oversight of aid agencies or by their own
limitation)
2.
Ensure adequate activities are designed to
respond to the needs of vulnerable groups
-
Inadequate access to basic services for
populations with specific protection needs
-
Inadequate capacity of local government to
deliver targeted and efficient assistance to
persons with specific needs
-
Inadequate infrastructure/procedures to reach
affected vulnerable populations
-
Increased vulnerability opening opportunities for
exploitation, trafficking and abuse of vulnerable
population
-
Family/community resistance to sharing
assistance
-
Official exclusion and/or discriminatory practices
towards specific groups
-
Inadequate communication among stakeholders
5
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mainstream within response mechanisms of
humanitarian actors specific activities to
match the needs of vulnerable groups
Advocate for specific resources to be
allocated to vulnerable groupings and
develop aid packages targeting specific
vulnerable groups
Identify the state agencies responsible for
the welfare of specific vulnerable groupings
at provincial/district level and begin/continue
liaison
1.
Based on the demographic profile of the
affected population, establish adequate
referral and follow-up mechanisms
2.
Developing IEC material to do awareness
raising of main stakeholders, including central
and local governments
3.
Advocate for specific resources to be
allocated to vulnerable groupings
4.
Identify/strengthen existing government
referral mechanisms and assistance
5.
Establish monitoring networks of local NGOs
and community members
6.
Use protection cluster forum to build efficient
communication mechanisms among
stakeholders
Establish efficient communication
mechanisms among stakeholders
Understand possible implications of
delivered assistance targeting specific
groups which could be
counterproductive
Appropriate financial support allocated
by donors to cover protection issues of
vulnerable groups, including at the
preparedness stage
Identification of knowledge gaps within
implementing agencies/organisations
in view of defining training needs
Donors’ criteria that support
mainstreaming of needs of vulnerable
groups within response
Clearer mapping of organisations
involved in protection issues in
Indonesia (including existing
resources)
Clearer mapping of Indonesian
statutory agencies responsible for
protecting/bringing support to
vulnerable groups
Translation in Indonesian of key
international legal documents and
guidelines related to protection
e.g. IDPs, migrants, elderly, persons with disability, single-headed households, minorities, those in institutions (including prisons).
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
15
Priority Interventions
(within first 6 weeks)
Protection concerns
Secondary Interventions
(6 weeks to 6 months)
Gaps and Additional Resources
Required
Land, Housing and Property Issues
Objective : to assist governmental and non-governmental institutions in ensuring the rights of affected people with regard to LHP issues
and to advise emergency assistance partners on LHP issues and actions aiding or prohibiting a seamless recovery
Sub-cluster lead: UN-HABITAT
 General
o Denied voluntary return and restitution
o No information on safe and durable options with
regard to return or alternative options
o There are few or no options for safe and
dignified sheltering and settling
o People have insecure tenure prior to the crisis
(e.g. squatters on public land) or people with
weak social protection prior to the crisis (female
factory workers; day labourers) are at high risk
o Exclusion to protection of people affected by
secondary impacts
 Land
o Opportunistic forced evictions of squatters in
the wake of a crisis
o Denial of the right of return and of displaced
people after a disaster
o Forced land transactions and theft of
transferable land documents
o Rights of women and orphans (inheritance,
restoration of land documents)
o Rule of law with regard to involuntary land
acquisition for disaster response needs and
DRR-related land-use adjustments
 Housing
o Temporary housing conditions or options are
not safe or not dignified, or are delaying early
recovery
o Inequitable housing and construction options
o Inequitable options for home owners and other
tenant groups; extortion of temporary tenants;
exclusion of assistance to displaced people
within host communities
 Property
o No/limited options for the protection of assets
(fixed and productive, including livestock)
o Protection of people tending to assets during
daytime or under evacuation orders/advice
o Restoration of property documents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Conduct an early, rapid and broad
assessment of LHP issues, informing
UNCT, IASC and partners on expected
policy issues and needs for action over
time.
1. Conduct / lead follow-up assessments of LHP
issues
Engage in a high-level government-led work
group on LHP assessment and programme
planning issues; advocate for the set-up of
such a work group if required
3. Collect feed-back on the rapid refreshment
training, to identify gaps for further training
and to identify sources for such support
Conduct rapid refreshment training on LHP
issues to governmental and nongovernmental key partners in areas
adjacent to the crisis area
Engage local partners to access media and
communication channels with regard to
relevant and potential protection concerns;
partner with aid organisations (shelter, food)
for the distribution of information sheets
5.
Provide local partners with tools for
community-based monitoring of vulnerable
groups with regard to protection issues as a
result of insecure tenure
6.
Ensure coordination on LHP issues
between various clusters; provide technical
support
7.
Prepare requests for technical expertise on
LHP issues from UNCT to IASC Geneva.
(as necessary)
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
2. Provide technical assistance and support to
high-level government-led work group
4. Monitor media reporting on post-crisis LHP
issues and to strategise on policy advise
5. Evaluate community-based monitoring and to
identify gaps for further support on monitoring
To agree with IASC partners on the
pre-crisis and expected post-crisis
focal points within the respective
organisations
To provide pre-crisis training on the
LHP tool being develop by IASC.
To engage communication and
training partners in various provinces
or key areas, through Housing
Resource Centres etc.
6. Establish strategy for responding to longerterm needs and impact evaluation (which
organisation, which cluster…)
7. Provide feedback to IASC with regard to the
effectiveness of the LHP toolkit (currently
under development)
16
XII.
Preparedness Plan and Capacity-Building Activities
The key preparedness activities and their estimated associated costs are identified below. Given the breadth of the Protection Cluster, many more activities could and should
take place in order to properly build capacity in the country. This plan will be revised, updated and expanded, particularly after this plan is discussed in more detail with the
relevant Government of Indonesia partners. In fact, the discussion of this plan with GoI partners is indeed the next priority for the Protection Cluster.
It should be noted that implementation of these preparatory activities requires additional funding. As of the date of publication, all activities and their costs remain unmet.
Notation of Lead Agency is meant to specify those agencies who will lead the implementation of the activity once funding has been secured. The timeframe and activities
listed below will be reviewed and revised if necessary, as funding is secured.
Activities
1. Briefings and training for the cluster(s) on legal
frameworks during emergencies
2. Map demographics of vulnerable groups in Indonesia (e.g.
by ethnicity, religion, etc) and of protection capacities and
gaps in Indonesia
Target Beneficiary
/ Audience
Cluster(s)
All partners, esp.
the cluster
3. Training on Human-Rights Based Approaches
Cluster/UN
4. Strengthen contacts with security forces and mainstream
protection issues into trainings for security forces (police &
military)
5. Adapt international and national guidelines into fieldfriendly materials. Examples of key guidelines to be
adapted and translated:
- IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial
(translate and summarize)
- Handbook on Protection of IDPs (translate and
summarize)
- GBV in emergencies (summarize)
6. Produce an handbook on human rights in Bahasa
Indonesian
7. Conduct trainings and capacity building for safe
organisations
Security forces
Timeframe
July – September
2008
By September 2008
September 2008 –
February 2009
July – December
2008
Lead Agency
UNDP
Area(s)
Covered
Rule of Law
Estimated
Cost (USD)
$2,000
UNICEF (through
national consultant);
GenCap, Ageing expert
from global PCWG
HRA, GenCap
Protection
(cross-cutting)
$15,000
All
$20,000
UNICEF / UNDP / IOM
Cross-cutting
protection
$100,000
Cluster, all partners
July 2008 – June
2009
UNICEF, through
consultants and
partners
All / crosscutting
All partners
By September 2008
HRA
Human Rights
$5,000
Non-governmental
partners, especially
national or smaller
international NGOs
By December 2008
UNICEF
Protection
(cross-cutting)
$15,000
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
$40,000
17
Activities
8. Child Protection family tracing and reunification technical
meetings, including training of cluster members/partners
on separated children database
9. Child Protection in Emergencies trainings of government
at the provincial and district level, and of NGOs and
community-based organisations
10. Train Bakornas on how to include protection-related data
and to disaggregate all data by age and gender during
emergencies
11. Fund a position dedicated to serving as protection cluster
focal point, who will be responsible for the implementation
of the preparedness plan (L3 level) 6
12. Formalize the sharing of child protection sub-cluster lead
between UNICEF and Save the Children
13. Trainings to mainstream GBV and gender into
humanitarian response (how to use the IASC GBV and
gender handbook)
14. Build capacity on LHP issues in Indonesia, including:
- Adapt, translate and publish local version of the LHP
guideline/toolkit
- Train key partners on LHP guidelines
- Development of a network of focal points for
advocating the guideline in crisis contexts
- Production of a film on the role of various government
agencies at a local authority level regarding LHP
issues
6
Target Beneficiary
/ Audience
Partners who
conduct FTR
Timeframe
Lead Agency
Area(s)
Covered
Child
Protection
Estimated
Cost (USD)
$20,000
UNICEF
Government,
NGOs, CBOs
FTR meeting: Aug
Training on database
October/Nov
July 2008 – June
2009
UNICEF
Child
Protection
$75,000
Bakornas
By December 2008
UNICEF, GenCap
Protection
(cross-cutting)
$15,000
All partners
By October 2008
UNICEF
Protection (all)
$170,000
Child Protection
partners
Government,
NGOs, CBOs
December 2008 –
February 2009
October – December
2008
UNICEF
Child
Protection
GBV and
gender
Government,
NGOs, CBOs
October 2008 – June
2009
UN-HABITAT
UNFPA, GenCap
$0
$5000
Land, Housing
and Property
Issues
$105,000
Total estimated cost
$607,000
The current focal point splits her time between supporting the Protection Cluster and other UNICEF responsibilities.
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
18
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
This document lists some key tools, guidelines and normative frameworks that assist any organisation, be it a
United Nations agency, international NGO or national/local community-based organisation, to support and
ensure the protection of emergency-affected people and communities.
This is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all materials available. Instead, the intention is to identify for all
users, from the seasoned practitioner to the novice volunteer, those tools, guidelines and frameworks that
provide the core guidance and minimum standards for humanitarian intervention in protection.
Thus, a given reader may find that s/he knows of good documents that are not included. The omission of
these documents is, in part, intentional, in order to keep the list concise and as user-friendly as possible.
A concerted effort has also been made to identify, wherever possible, tools that are practical and field-friendly.
Tools that are available in Bahasa Indonesia have been listed in red font in the sub-sector specific entries,
and repeated at end in the specific section on tools in Bahasa Indonesia.
There are no doubt a number of national tools, laws and guidelines that are missing from this compilation.
These will be added as they become known, and placeholder titles (e.g. “national”) have been intentionally left
in, even where no items are listed after, to accommodate these future changes.
Table of Contents
I.
CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES & MAINSTREAMING PROTECTION
A. Cross-Cutting Issues: Guidelines and Tools
B. Preventing Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA), including Building Safer Organisations
1. Resources
2. Codes of Conduct and Policies
3. Guidelines
4. Toolkits and Training Modules
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
II.
HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
A. International
1. Core Legal Texts
2. Core Guiding Principles (“Soft Law”)
3. Training tools and Other publications
B. National
5
5
5
5
5
5
III.
RULE OF LAW AND JUSTICE
A. International
B. National
6
6
6
IV. PREVENTION AND RESPONSE TO GBV
A. International
1. Fact Sheets/Background
2. Guidelines & Handbooks
3. Training Manuals & E-Learning Courses
4. Field Tools
B. National
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
V.
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
11
PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
A. International
1. Core Legal Text
2. Core Guiding Principles
3. Fact Sheets/Background
4. Guidelines and Handbooks
5. Training Manuals & E-Learning Courses
6. Field Tools
B. National
1. Legal Text
2. Training Manuals & E-Learning Courses
C. Tsunami-Related
VI. PROTECTION OF PERSONS WITH SPECIFIC PROTECTION NEEDS
A. Internally-Displaced Persons
B. Women and Girls
C. Minorities
D. Elderly
E. Youth
F. Persons with Disabilities
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
VII. LAND, HOUSING AND PROPERTY ISSUES
14
VIII. TOOLS IN BAHASA INDONESIAN
15
I.
CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES & MAINSTREAMING PROTECTION
A. Cross-Cutting Issues: Guidelines and Tools
1. Protecting Persons Affected by Natural Disasters: IASC Operational Guidelines on Human
Rights and Natural Disasters
(www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/content/documents/working/OtherDocs/2006_IASC_NaturalDi
sasterGuidelines.pdf)
2. Checklist for Integrating Human Rights in Disaster Management in the Pacific, UNDP Pacific
Centre, 27 November 2007. Contact OCHA or UNICEF.
3. Protection of Internally Displaced Persons in Situations of Natural Disaster: A Working Visit to
Asia, 2005.
www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/reports/2005/04_tsunami/200504_tsunami.pdf
4. IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings (2007)
www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/content/products/docs/Guidelines%20IASC%20Mental%20He
alth%20Psychosocial.pdf
5. Human Rights Guidance Note for Humanitarian Coordinators (2006)
(www.humanitarianreform.org/humanitarianreform/Portals/1/cluster%20approach%20page/clu
sters%20pages/Protection/IASC%20-%20HR%20guidance%20note%20for%20HCs%20%202006.pdf)
6. Manual for Applying a Community-Based Approach in UNHCR Operations, UNHCR (2008)
7. The UNHCR Tool for Participatory Assessments in Operations
http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/450e963f2.html
8. Women, Girls, Boys and Men: Different Needs – Equal Opportunities, IASC Gender
Handbook in humanitarian action (2006)
(http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/content/documents/subsidi/tf_gender/IASC%20Gender
%20Handbook%20(Feb%202007).pdf)
B. Preventing Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA), including Building Safer Organisations
1. Resources
a. Inventory of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Materials
http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&docId=1072750
b.
SEA Document Library
http://ochaonline.un.org/HumanitarianIssues/ProtectionfromSexualExploitationandAbuse/
SEADocumentLibrary/tabid/4593/Default.aspx
2. Codes of Conduct and Policies
a.
Secretary-General’s Bulletin: Special measures for protection from sexual exploitation
and sexual abuse, 9 October 2003 (ST/SGB/2003/13).
http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&DocId=1001083
b.
The Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and
NGOs in Disaster Relief (ICRC). www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/57JMNB#a3
c.
ECPAT International Secretariat Child Protection Policies and Procedures (2006)
http://www.ecpat.com/EI/PDF/Care_&_Protection/Child_Protection_Policies.pdf
3. Guidelines
a. Building Safer Organisations Guidelines: Receiving and investigating allegations of abuse
and exploitation by humanitarian workers. ICVA, www.icva.ch/doc00002028.pdf
b. Implementation Guidelines for the Field on the Secretary-General’s Bulletin on Special
Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (ST/SGB/2003/13)
http://ochaonline.un.org/OchaLinkClick.aspx?link=ocha&DocId=1001090
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
Protection Cluster in Indonesia – updated 15 July 08
3
4. Toolkits and Training Modules
a. Film “To Serve With Pride: Zero Tolerance for Sexual Exploitation and Abuse” and film
facilitation guide; UN/NGO Task Force on Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse.
Film available in English, French and Spanish (contact UNICEF at sritsema@unicef.org).
Facilitation guide available at: http://ochaonline.un.org
b. Building Safer Organisations Handbook: Training materials on receiving and investigating
allegations of abuse and exploitation by humanitarian workers, ICVA.
www.icva.ch/doc00002029.pdf
c.
Child-Safe Organisations Training Toolkit: A practical child protection tool for grassroots
organizations. Save the Children UK and ECPAT International, July 2006. In English at:
http://www.ecpat.com/EI/PDF/Care_&_Protection/CSO_Traning_Toolkit_eng.pdf Also
available in Bahasa Indonesian. Contact UNICEF at: sritsema@unicef.org
d. Child-Safe Organisations: Self-Study Manual. Save the Children UK and ECPAT
International, July 2006. Also available in Bahasa Indonesian.
http://www.ecpat.com/EI/PDF/Care_&_Protection/CSO_SelfStudyManual_eng.pdf
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
Protection Cluster in Indonesia – updated 15 July 08
4
II. HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
A. International
1. Core Legal Texts
(All of the below can be found at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/index.htm#core, except
where otherwise noted.)
a. International Bill of Human Rights, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1948 (UDHR)
b. The Core International Human Rights Instruments and their monitoring bodies:
i. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
(ICERD)
ii. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
iii. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
iv. Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
v. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment (CAT)
vi. Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and its two optional protocols
o Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Involvement of Children in Armed
Conflict (OP-CRC-AC)
o Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution,
and Child Pornography (OP-CRC-SC)
vii. International Convention for the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers
and Members of Their Families (ICRMW)
c.
Universal Human Rights Instruments, particularly:
i. Instruments on the rights of particular groups (women, the elderly, disabled,
children, migrants, labourers, indigenous peoples and minorities)
ii. The Geneva Conventions
d. Convention and Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees (http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/protect/opendoc.pdf?tbl=PROTECTION&id=3b66c2aa10)
Forthcoming, not yet into force:
 International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearances
 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
2. Core Guiding Principles (“Soft Law”)
a. Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/7/b/principles.htm) See also:
http://www.idpguidingprinciples.org/
3. Training tools and Other publications
A considerable range of these has been put out by OHCHR, including on using Human-Rights
Based Approaches. An initial sampling of training tools, etc is available at:
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/PublicationsResources/Pages/TrainingEducation.aspx
http://www.undg.org/index.cfm?P=221
B. National
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
Protection Cluster in Indonesia – updated 15 July 08
5
III. RULE OF LAW AND JUSTICE
A. International
1. OHCHR Rule-of-Law tools for post-conflict states
(http://www.ohchr.org/EN/PublicationsResources/Pages/SpecialIssues.aspx)
Truth commissions (available in Arabic, English, French)
Mapping the justice sector (available in Arabic, English, French)
Monitoring legal systems (available in Arabic, English, French, Spanish)
Prosecution initiatives (available in Arabic, English)
Vetting: an operational framework (available in Arabic, English)
2. Good Governance Practices for the Protection of Human Rights, OHCHR
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/PublicationsResources/Pages/SpecialIssues.aspx)
3. The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform (SSR): Supporting Security and
Justice http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/43/25/38406485.pdf
4. UNDP note on early recovery in the protection and rule of law sectors
5. Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of
Armed Forces (DCAF) (2008). (http://www.dcaf.ch/gender-security-sector-reform/gssrtoolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3) Includes sections on:












Security Sector Reform and Gender
Police Reform and Gender
Defence Reform and Gender
Justice Reform and Gender
Penal Reform and Gender
Border Management and Gender
Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector and Gender
National Security Policy-Making and Gender
Civil Society Oversight of the Security Sector and Gender
Private Military and Security Companies and Gender
SSR Assessment, Monitoring and Evaluation and Gender
Gender Training for Security Sector Personnel
B. National
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
Protection Cluster in Indonesia – updated 15 July 08
6
IV. PREVENTION AND RESPONSE TO GBV
A. International
1. Fact Sheets/Background
a. Fact Sheet: Gender-Based Violence in Populations Affected by Armed Conflict: A Field
Guide for Displaced Settings, RHRC Consortium, 2004.
http://www.rhrc.org/pdf/Fact%20Sheet%20for%20the%20Field.pdf
b. If Not Now, When? Addressing Gender-Based Violence in Refugee, Internally Displaced,
and Post-Conflict Settings, RHRC Consortium, April 2002.
http://www.rhrc.org/pdf/gbvintro.pdf
c.
Understanding the Issue: An Annotated Bibliography on GBV, USAID, May 2006.
http://www.humanitarianreform.org/humanitarianreform/Portals/1/cluster%20approach%2
0page/clusters%20pages/Gender/Gender%20Toolkit/iii-%20USAID%20%20Understanding%20GBV.pdf
d. UN Security council resolution 1325 (2000) (English and Bahasa Indonesian)
2. Guidelines & Handbooks
a. IASC Guidelines for GBV Interventions in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Prevention
of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, IASC, 2005. English:
http://www.rhrc.org/pdf/GBV_guidelines_Eng_09_13_05.pdf
Bahasa Indonesia:
http://www.rhrc.org/pdf/IASC%20GBV%20Guideline%20in%20Bahasa.pdf Also in French,
Spanish, Arabic
b. Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Against Refugees, Returnees and InternallyDisplaced Persons: Guidelines for Prevention and Response (Synopsis), RHRC
Consortium/JSI Research and Training Institute, 2004.
http://www.rhrc.org/pdf/Synopsis.pdf
c.
Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing protocols for use with refugees and
internally displaced persons, WHO, UNHCR, 2004. Available in English, French, Arabic
http://www.rhrc.org/pdf/Clinical_Management_2005_rev.pdf
d. Ethical and safety recommendations for researching, documenting and monitoring sexual
violence in emergencies, WHO, 2007.
http://www.who.int/gender/documents/OMS_Ethics&Safety10Aug07.pdf
3. Training Manuals & E-Learning Courses
a. Communication Skills in Working with Survivors of Gender-Based Violence: A Five Day
Training of Trainers Manual, RHRC Consortium, 2004.
http://www.rhrc.org/resources/gbv/comm_manual/comm_manual_toc.html
b. Facilitator’s Guide: Training Manual for Multisectoral and Interagency Prevention and
Response to Gender-based Violence, RHRC consortium (2004)
http://www.rhrc.org/resources/gbv/gbv_manual/gbv_manual_toc.html
c.
Minimum Initial Services Package (MISP) for Reproductive Health in Crisis Situations: A
distance learning module; Chapter 3: Prevent and Manage the Consequences of Sexual
Violence, RHRC Consortium. http://www.rhrc.org/resources/misp/ (available in English
and French)
4. Field Tools
a. Checklist for Action: Prevention and Response to Gender-Based Violence in Displaced
Settings, RHRC Consortium, 2004. http://www.rhrc.org/pdf/Checklist.pdf
b. Resource Tools for Implementing the Guidelines for GBV Interventions in Humanitarian
Settings, RHRC Consortium, 2007. http://www.rhrc.org/resources/index.cfm?sector=gbv
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
Protection Cluster in Indonesia – updated 15 July 08
7
c.
GBV Tools Manual for Assessment, Program Design and Evaluation, RHRC Consortium,
2003. Available in English and French, and partially in Arabic.
http://www.rhrc.org/resources/gbv/gbv_tools/manual_toc.html
d. A Practical Approach to GBV: A Programme Guide for Health CARE Providers and
Managers, UNFPA (2001). www.unfpa.org/upload/lib_pub_filename_gender.pdf
*
A list of resources for supporting adolescent reproductive health, including GBV, in emergency settings
can be found at: http://www.rhrc.org/resources/adolescents/ARH_MR_list2.html
B. National
1. Standar Nasional Penanggulangan bencana responsif gender, Ministry of Women
Empowerment (MOWE) guideline (2008), Bahasa Indonesian. Contact UNFPA at
harijanti@unfpa.org
2. IEC materials on Violence Against Women in displacement, BKKBN (2008), Bahasa
Indonesian. Contact UNFPA at harijanti@unfpa.org
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
Protection Cluster in Indonesia – updated 15 July 08
8
V. PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
A. International
1. Core Legal Text
a. Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and its two optional protocols
 Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPCRC-AC)
 Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child
Pornography (OP-CRC-SC)
2. Core Guiding Principles
a. Inter-agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, 2004.
(http://www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/protect/opendoc.pdf?tbl=PROTECTION&id=4098b3172)
b. Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Separated Children in the Tsunami-Affected
Countries, January 2005.
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/en/docs/guiding_principles_sep_children.pdf
c.
Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Psychosocial Care and Protection of Tsunami affected
Children. January 2005.
www.iicrd.org/cap/files/Psychosocial%20Guiding%20Principles%20Tsunami.doc
d. The Paris Commitments to protection children from unlawful recruitment to protect
children from unlawful recruitment or use by armed forces or armed groups (Consolidated
Version).
http://www.un.org/children/conflict/_documents/pariscommitments/ParisCommitments_EN
.pdf commitments by ministers and representatives of country governments
e. The Paris Principles: Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed
Forces or Armed Groups, 31 January 2007. (for those implementing programmes)
http://www.un.org/children/conflict/_documents/parisprinciples/ParisPrinciples_EN.pdf
3. Fact Sheets/Background
a. Untapped Potential: Adolescents Affected by Armed Conflict – A Review of Programs and
Policies, Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, 2000.
www.womenscommission.org/pdf/cap_ysofinal_rev.pdf
b. Youth Speak Out: New Voices on the Protection and Participation of Young People
Affected by Armed Conflict, Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children,
2005. www.womenscommission.org/pdf/cap_ysofinal_rev.pdf
c.
Fact Sheet: Adolescent girls affected by violent conflict, Women’s Commission for
Refugee Women and Children, 2005. www.womenscommission.org/pdf/AdolGirls.pdf
4. Guidelines and Handbooks
a. Child Protection in Emergencies: Priorities, Principles and Practices, Save the Children,
December 2007 http://www.crin.org/docs/protectemerg.pdf)
b. Protecting Children from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Violence in Disaster and
Emergency Situations: A guide for local and community-based organizations, ECPAT
(2006) (www.ecpat.net/eng/pdf/Protecting_Children_from_CSEC_in_Disaster.pdf)
c.
Youth Speak Out: One-Page Reference Guides (programming for the Protection and
Participation of Young People Affected by Armed Conflict), Women’s Commission for
Refugee Women and Children,
2005.http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/cap_ones.pdf
d. Facing the Crisis: Supporting Children Through Positive Care Options, Save the Children,
2005. www.crin.org/docs/3306_FacingtheCrisis[1].pdf
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
Protection Cluster in Indonesia – updated 15 July 08
9
e. Refugee Children: Guidelines on Protection and Care, UNHCR, 1994. www.unhcr.org/cgibin/texis/vtx/protect/opendoc.pdf?tbl=PROTECTION&id=3b84c6c67
5. Training Manuals & E-Learning Courses
a. Introduction to Child Protection in Emergencies: An Interagency Modular Training
Package. CD-ROM Training produced by eight (8) agencies, 2008. contact UNICEF at
sritsema@unicef.org
6. Field Tools
a. Assessments:
(1) Inter-Agency Rapid Assessment Toolkit on Child Protection in Emergencies.
UNICEF, Save the Children UK, IRC. Forthcoming in 2008-09. Contact UNICEF
at sritsema@unicef.org for more information.
b. Comprehensive Child Protection Tools:
(1) Action for the Rights of Children: A tool to assist practitioners in providing
protection and care for refugee and displaced children. Inter-agency.
www.savethechildren.net/arc/files/main.html
c.
Separated Children
(1) Separated Children: Care and Protection of Children in Emergencies – A Field
Guide. Save the Children Federation, 2004.
www.savethechildren.org/publications/technical-resources/childsurvival/SEPARATED_CHILDREN_CONTENTS.pdf
(2) The Lost Ones: Emergency Care and Family Tracing for Separated Children
from Birth to Five Years, 2007. www.crin.org/docs/The%20Lost%20Ones.pdf
(3) Inter-agency Child Protection Database. A case-management system designed
for protection of children in emergencies. Managed by a steering committee of
UNICEF, Save the Children UK, and IRC. Contact UNICEF at
sritsema@unicef.org for more information.
d. Psychosocial
(1) Laugh, Run and Move To Develop Together: Games with a Psychosocial Aim,
Terre des hommes, 2007. http://tdhchildprotection.org/component/option,com_doclib/task,showdoc/docid,493/
(2) Psychosocial Interventions – Training Manual. Save the Children UK, Pakistan
Programme. Contact UNICEF at sritsema@unicef.org
(3) Child-Friendly Spaces manual, UNICEF. Forthcoming in 2008.
B. National
1. Legal Text
a. Republic of Indonesia Child Protection Law 23, Year 2002.
b. Indonesian Government Policy on Separated Children, Unaccompanied Children and
Children left with One Parent in Emergency Situations, 19 February 2005.
www.crin.org/docs/Indonesian%20Ministry%20of%20Social%20Affairs%20%20Policies%20on%20Tsunami%20.doc
c.
Minister of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Guidelines for the Registration of
Adoptions. 31 January 2005. Contact UNICEF at sritsema@unicef.org
2. Training Manuals & E-Learning Courses
a. Electronic training modules on Child Rights and Child Protection and Child Protection in
Emergencies. UNICEF Indonesia, 2008. forthcoming in English and Bahasa Indonesian.
Contact sritsema@unicef.org.
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
Protection Cluster in Indonesia – updated 15 July 08
10
b. Child Protection in Emergencies: A Toolkit for Fieldworkers on Initial Responses and
Relief Stages. UNICEF Indonesia, Save the Children UK (Indonesia), University of
Indonesia, Indonesia Ministry of Social Affairs (DepSos), 2008. Forthcoming in English
and Bahasa Indonesian. Contact UNICEF at sritsema@unicef.org.
C. Tsunami-Related
1. Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Separated Children in the Tsunami-Affected Countries,
January 2005.
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/en/docs/guiding_principles_sep_children.pdf
2. Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Psychosocial Care and Protection of Tsunami affected
Children. January 2005.
www.iicrd.org/cap/files/Psychosocial%20Guiding%20Principles%20Tsunami.doc
3. Children and the Tsunami, A Year On – A Draft UNICEF Summary of What Worked. UNICEF,
2005. www.unicef.org/infobycountry/files/WhatWorked.pdf
4. Protecting and Promoting the Legal Rights of Tsunami Children without Primary Caregivers
and/or Living with Extended Family Members in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) – Pilot
Needs Assessment Report. International Development Law Organization (IDLO), August
2007. http://www.idlo.org/publications/16.pdf
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
Protection Cluster in Indonesia – updated 15 July 08
11
VI. PROTECTION OF PERSONS OR GROUPS OF PERSONS WITH SPECIFIC PROTECTION NEEDS7
A. Internally-Displaced Persons
1. Handbook for the Protection of Internally-Displaced Persons
(http://www.humanitarianreform.org/humanitarianreform/Portals/1/cluster%20approach%20pa
ge/clusters%20pages/Protection/Protection%20Handbook/IDP%20Handbook_Complete_FIN
AL%20Jan%2008.pdf)
2. Operational Protection in Camps and Settlements: A Reference Guide of Good Practices in
the Protection of Refugees and Other Persons of Concern, UNHCR (2006)
(http://www.humanitarianreform.org/humanitarianreform/Portals/1/cluster%20approach%20pa
ge/clusters%20pages/Protection/Operational%20Protection%20in%20Camps%20Ref%20Gui
de_UNHCR%202006.pdf)
B. Women and Girls
1. UNHCR Handbook for the Protection of Women and Girls (2008)
http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/47cfae612.html
2. Women, Girls, Boys and Men: Different Needs – Equal Opportunities, IASC Gender
Handbook in humanitarian action (2006)
(http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/content/documents/subsidi/tf_gender/IASC%20Gender
%20Handbook%20(Feb%202007).pdf)
3. The urgency of equality: ending discrimination against women and its consequences in
emergency situations, Chapter 5 of the World Disasters Report, IFRC, 2007.
www.ifrc.org/Docs/pubs/disasters/wdr2007/WDR2007-English-5.pdf
4. Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of
Armed Forces (DCAF) (2008). (http://www.dcaf.ch/gender-security-sector-reform/gssrtoolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3)
C. Minorities
Overcoming multiple disasters: discriminating against minorities, Chapter 2 of the World Disasters
Report, IFRC, 2007. www.ifrc.org/Docs/pubs/disasters/wdr2007/WDR2007-English-2.pdf
D. Elderly
1. Strong and Fragile: Learning from Older People in Emergencies, HelpAge
International/IASC/UNFPA, 2007.
www.humanitarianreform.org/humanitarianreform/Portals/1/cluster%20approach%20page/clu
sters%20pages/Protection/Strong%20and%20fragile.pdf
2. Older People in Disasters and Humanitarian Crises: Guidelines for Best Practice, HelpAge
International and UNHCR, 2000
www.globalaging.org/armedconflict/countryreports/haigiudelines.pdf
3. Older People and Discrimination in Crisis, Chapter 3 of the World Disasters Report, IFRC,
2007. www.ifrc.org/Docs/pubs/disasters/wdr2007/WDR2007-English-3.pdf
4. The Protection of Older Persons and Persons with Disabilities, UNHCR and the Economic
and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, October 2007.
www.unescap.org/esid/psis/meetings/ageingmipaa2007/UNHCR.pdf
7
The Protection Cluster in Indonesia has defined this to include the following groups in particular: IDPs, women and girls,
single-headed households, minorities, migrants, elderly, youth, persons with disabilities, those in institutions (including
prisons, mental health facilities, etc), house-bound persons, and others not accessing services either by oversight of aid
agencies or by their own limitation.
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
Protection Cluster in Indonesia – updated 15 July 08
12
5. Protecting and Assisting Older People in Emergencies, HPN Paper 53, ODI, 2005.
www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900SID/OCHA6K4GD3/$FILE/networkpaper053.pdf?OpenElement
E. Youth
1. The Participation of Children and Young People in Emergencies: A guide for relief agencies,
based largely on experiences in the Asian tsunami response, UNICEF, October 2007.
www.unicef.org/eapro/the_participation_of_children_and_young_people_in_emergencies.pdf
2. Untapped Potential: Adolescents Affected by Armed Conflict – A Review of Programs and
Policies, Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, 2000.
www.womenscommission.org/pdf/cap_ysofinal_rev.pdf
3. Youth Speak Out: New Voices on the Protection and Participation of Young People Affected
by Armed Conflict (http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/cap_ysofinal_rev.pdf) and Onepage reference guides for working with youth
(http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/cap_ones.pdf). Women’s Commission for Refugee
Women and Children, January 2005.
4. A list of resources for supporting adolescent reproductive health, including GBV, in
emergency settings can be found at:
http://www.rhrc.org/resources/adolescents/ARH_MR_list2.html
F. Persons with Disabilities
Disability and disasters: towards an inclusive approach, Chapter 4 of the World Disasters Report,
IFRC, 2007. www.ifrc.org/Docs/pubs/disasters/wdr2007/WDR2007-English-4.pdf
The Protection Cluster also recognizes and aims to support the needs of Single-Headed Households, Migrants,
Persons in institutions (including prisons, mental health facilities, etc) and House-bound persons. Materials and
guidelines on working with people and groups in these areas will be added as they become available.
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
Protection Cluster in Indonesia – updated 15 July 08
13
VII. LAND, HOUSING AND PROPERTY ISSUES
1. Handbook on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons: Implementing
the "Pinheiro Principles", March 2007, (English only)
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/pinheiro_principles.pdf
2. Housing Rights Legislation (published jointly with UN-HABITAT)
http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/HousingRightsen.pdf
3. Guidelines & Toolkit for Post-Disaster Land, Tenure and Property, Early Recovery Cluster
(implementing partners: UN-HABITAT, FAO, UNHCR), IASC. Draft for Peer Review available from
Esteban Leon, focal point UN-HABITAT for LHP (leon.unhabitat@unog.ch). See also
www.gltn.net/post_disaster.
4. People’s Process in Post-disaster and Post-conflict Recovery and Reconstruction. UN-HABITAT.
2007. (Includes a toolkit for community-based assessments of LHP issues. Hard copy only.)
http://www.fukuoka.unhabitat/
5. Transitional Settlement; Displaced Populations, edited by Corsellis and Antonella Vitale, Shelter
Project, University of Cambridge and Oxfam, 2005.
www.sheltercentre.org/shelterlibrary/publications/112.htm
6. Chapter 4: Minimum Standards in Shelter, Settlement and Non-Food Items, in: The Sphere Project:
Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, Geneva, 1999, 2004. See
http://www.sphereproject.org/.
An extensive library of English and Bahasa Indonesia documents in relation to land, housing and resettlement
issues in the context of disaster response in Indonesia is available at www.unhabitat-indonesia.org. This
includes in-depth documents on community land adjudication, the rights of heirs in Indonesia and other
specialized subjects. UN-HABITAT’s Global Land Tool Network (GLTN) is an acknowledged knowledge
network on land and tenure issues (www.unhabitat.org).
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
Protection Cluster in Indonesia – updated 15 July 08
14
VIII. TOOLS IN BAHASA INDONESIAN
(tools listed above are re-listed here for easier reference)
1. Child-Safe Organizations Training Toolkit: A practical child protection tool for grassroots
organizations. Save the Children UK and ECPAT International, July 2006. In English and Bahasa
Indonesian. Contact UNICEF at sritsema@unicef.org
2. IASC Guidelines for GBV Interventions in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Prevention of and
Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, IASC, 2005. Bahasa Indonesia:
http://www.rhrc.org/pdf/IASC%20GBV%20Guideline%20in%20Bahasa.pdf
3. Standar Nasional Penanggulangan bencana responsif gender, Ministry of Women Empowerment
(MOWE) guideline (2008), Bahasa Indonesian
4. IEC materials on VAW (Violence Against Women) in displacement, BKKBN (2008), Bahasa
Indonesian
5. E-training modules on “Child Rights and Child Protection” and “Child Protection in Emergencies.”
UNICEF Indonesia, 2008. forthcoming in English and Bahasa Indonesian. Contact
sritsema@unicef.org.
6. Child Protection in Emergencies: A Toolkit for Fieldworkers on Initial Responses and Relief Stages.
UNICEF Indonesia, Save the Children UK (Indonesia), University of Indonesia, Indonesia Ministry of
Social Affairs (DepSos), 2008. In English and Bahasa Indonesian. Contact UNICEF at
sritsema@unicef.org.
Annex A - Key Tools, Guidelines and Normative Frameworks
Protection Cluster in Indonesia – updated 15 July 08
15
Annex B – Summary of Lessons Learned and Recommendations, Protection Cluster
Response to the Yogyakarta Earthquake, 2006-07
1) Selection on the Protection Cluster, taken from “The Humanitarian Cluster Response to the JAVA
Earthquake, 2006-2007: One Year Review, July 2006.” (Pages 21-23)
Protection
Background
The protection cluster was established within a few days of the earthquake, with the objectives of addressing
protection of children, vulnerable groups, gender, and potential land/ housing rights and legal justice
concerns.
Within the first weeks following the earthquake, the cluster had mapped potential protection needs using data
related to housing damage and levels of injury, death and poverty. This mapping provided the protection
cluster with an indication of areas where individuals might be prone to increased vulnerability, due to their
socio-economic status and the (uneven) impact of the earthquake. This data was used to inform planning of
geographical interventions and coordination of organizations working on protection-related issues.
Two months after the earthquake, an inter-agency child protection assessment was conducted. It indicated
increased levels of violence, abuse and exploitation in communities associated with protracted poor shelter
conditions and loss of livelihood. Although acute accidental separation of children was not deemed a concern
immediately after the earthquake, increasing incidents of secondary separation were identified in following
months, again directly correlated to loss of livelihood and poor shelter conditions.
Land/ rights and legal justice issues were not found to be a concern during the emergency and recovery and
rehabilitation phase of the Java earthquake, unlike other places in the aftermath of a large-scale natural
disaster, such as the tsunami of December 2004.
Coordination
UNICEF assumed the role of overall coordinator of the protection cluster together with relevant government
authorities. From 31 May 2006, cluster meetings in Yogyakarta were co-chaired with DepSoS (national
Department of Social Affairs) and DinSos (provincial Office of Social Affairs) while meetings in Klaten (Central
Java) were co-chaired with the coalition of local NGO’s. Following the official end of the emergency phase,
four working groups were established under the overall umbrella of the protection cluster, namely Child
Protection, Psychosocial Support, Gender and Disability. Key technical organizations and relevant authorities
--such as Kantor Pemberdayaan Perempuan - KPP (Office of Women’s Empowerment), DinSos and the
coalition of local NGO’s-- played a central role in chairing individual working groups and feeding back to the
wider protection cluster on a weekly basis. Furthermore, the working groups allowed for focused technical
consultation and closer coordination, given the broad nature of protection interventions.
In the initial emergency phase, 25 to 30 organizations – a mix of international agencies, national and local
NGOs, and some academic institutions-- attended the protection cluster meetings. The vast majority of actors
were focused upon child protection and psychosocial programmes. Following the end of the emergency
phase, the protection cluster experienced a marked decrease in participation, as organizations felt less need
for coordinating their medium term programmes in the field. Furthermore, the dynamics of protection
concerns increasingly necessitated long-term programming, falling outside the scope of emergency
coordination. Interestingly, the four working groups continue to meet under the leadership of relevant local
authorities and key technical organizations, following the closure of the protection cluster in November 2006.
Inter-Agency Protection Cluster in Indonesia
Contingency and Preparedness Plan - 2008
1
Activities
The vast majority of actors within the protection cluster were focused upon child protection, specifically with a
view to psychosocial support to children and communities at large. 230 safe spaces for children were
established by international and national NGOs, including 128 in Bantul, 80 in Klaten, 7 Sleman, 2 in
Magelang, 10 in Sukohargo and 3 in Gunung Kidul. Meanwhile, 17 mobile teams were operating in Bantul
and 8 mobile teams in Klaten, all aimed at providing both a safe environment for children to play and be
together, while also providing basic psychosocial support.
Importantly, children’s centres also provided community-based hubs with trained professionals to address
child protection issues within the community and increase access to referral networks for specialized services.
In the recovery phase, children’s centres also focused on bolstering outreach capacities for child protection
including distribution of recreation kits.
Capacity building was a key activity amongst actors in the protection cluster. An array of specialized training
was conducted with key stakeholders at various levels with a view to enhancing specialized expertise, while
also increasing coverage and sustainability. Key areas for capacity building initiatives included:
 Psychosocial support within communities at large and specialized intervention;
 Training of local authorities and staff of children’s centres regarding identification, registration and
follow up of vulnerable children;
 Specialized training on child protection, abuse prevention, response and monitoring aimed at children,
communities, NGO’s/ CBO’s and provincial, district and sub-district level officials;
 Training and deployment of law enforcement agencies to address increasing levels of violence,
exploitation and abuse;
 Training of sub-district level officials on practical tools for monitoring and reporting incidents of
trafficking
Strengthening the referral mechanism to respond to violence, exploitation, abuse and trafficking was an
integral activity of the protection cluster, and remains a key activity of protection actors and relevant
authorities on the ground. Secretariats have been established under the leadership of DinSos to act as
centralized hubs for information pooled from key actors and relevant authorities. The secretariats have
become an integral tool for referral and case follow-up, as well as for monitoring overall protection issues in
the earthquake-affected areas. Agencies and authorities scaled up efforts to disseminate information on
referral mechanisms and centralized hubs through up-grading directories, with wide dissemination within
earthquake affected communities.
As loss of livelihood and protracted poor living conditions remained a reality well beyond the emergency
period, the on-going risk of exploitation and abuse of women and children as well as secondary separation of
children necessitated longer-term capacity building. Thus, there was a strong focus on bolstering the capacity
of communities, community-based organizations, and relevant authorities in preventing, responding to and
monitoring violence, abuse and exploitation within communities. A number of organizations, both international
and national, have continued to support initiatives both within communities and with the Government law
enforcement agencies to strengthen mechanisms for the prevention and response to violence, exploitation
and abuse.
Public information campaigns were conducted with protection actors, local authorities and media as a means
of both raising awareness for prevention and response, and to reduce stigma surrounding victims of child
abuse. Key messages on psychosocial issues, trafficking, violence, exploitation and abuse were
disseminated through local media.
Lack of access and mainstreaming of protection concerns within wider relief efforts was identified as a
concern amongst actors and called for cross-sectoral advocacy. Each working group under the protection
cluster developed guidelines on mainstreaming protection within wider relief efforts, both in terms of access
and prioritisation. In some instances, specialized tools were developed such as guidelines on mainstreaming
disability within Shelter and Reconstruction.
It should be noted that there were few organizations with expertise to work on protection issues concerning
the elderly, and this was noted as a gap even within the cluster.
Annex B – Summary of Lessons Learned and Recommendations from Yogya Earthquake
Protection Cluster in Indonesia
2
Remaining Needs
As in other post-disaster situations, there has been a “lag” in the manifestations of violence, abuse and
exploitation of children, as shown by the assessment two months after the earthquake. The stress of
destroyed homes and livelihoods impacts heavily on families, particularly on children -- thereby requiring
longer-term programmes to address the issues. A number of actors continue to work closely with local
authorities to strengthen the referral mechanism. Furthermore, these agencies are working closely with
communities and CBO’s to strengthen community -based initiatives and mechanisms to prevent, respond and
monitor. Wider psychosocial programmes have largely ceased as needs have reduced, while specialized
needs remain within referral networks for case follow up.
2) Summary of Lessons Learned and Recommendations presented in “UNICEF’s Experiences with
Protection Cluster Leadership in the First Months of the Humanitarian Response to the Central
Java Earthquake – Fourth Draft”, 14 October 2007.
Lessons Learned and Recommendations
- It is important that it be made clear right from the beginning of the establishment of the Protection Cluster
that, while the Cluster may be lead by an organization with a mandate limited to one vulnerable group, the
role of the Cluster is to address the full spectrum of protection issues affecting all vulnerable groups.
- Due to the wide variety and nature of protection concerns that emerge in certain emergency settings, it is
sometimes unrealistic to expect that 1) one single group can address all the issues identified in a coherent
and comprehensive manner and 2) organizations that have a very specific mandate will attend meetings
where only part of the discussion is relevant to their work. The creation of WG to address specific
protection issues/areas of concern that may emerge is one way to mitigate this problem.
- If working groups are established, focal points should also be identified and held responsible for providing
feedback to the wider Protection Cluster. They should demonstrate a commitment to involvement in the
wider Protection Cluster process.
- It is important to be aware that the creation of working groups to address separate protection issues can
have a harmful impact on efforts to ensure commitment to and participation in wider protection
coordination processes.
- As a preparedness measure, prior to the onset of emergency, the IASC Guidance on Mental Health and
Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings should be widely disseminated and efforts made to get buyin and familiarize all stakeholders with the approach.
- The creation of a separate Psychosocial Working group may have hindered efforts to effectively
mainstream psychosocial support throughout all Protection activities.
- Organizations and individuals will only participate in coordination processes if they themselves have
something to gain from the process. There are a number of elements inherent in UN coordination and
other processes, including Cluster Coordination, that can alienate local stakeholders. While some of these
obstacles are inevitable, it is none-the-less important to develop strategies to mitigate them.
- When necessary, as much as possible, processes, especially meetings and key documents (including
Cluster deliverables and relevant international guidelines), should be provided in all relevant languages.
- Efforts should be made to get organizational commitment, at higher-levels, to participation in the Cluster
Coordination processes. Where possible, this should include the identification of a specific organizational
Protection Cluster focal points in order to ensure continuity and consistency in participation.
- Efforts should be made early on to clearly define a role for government stakeholders in the Cluster
Coordination processes. In disaster-prone countries such as Indonesia, capacity building of government
to participate in Cluster Coordination should be undertaken as an emergency preparedness measure.
- In order to allow for effective programmatic and geographic gaps identification and analysis across the
whole spectrum of protection issues falling under the Protection Cluster, it is important that the WWW
mapping be disaggregated into these different issue areas
- It is important to identify HR capacity dedicated to the development and management of the WWW
mapping
- Effort should be made to develop protection-specific impact mapping, as impact mapping in other areas
(ex: measuring infrastructure damage) may not be appropriate or adequate to address protection gaps
- There is limited understanding and priority on the part of the humanitarian community of the relevance
and importance of protection issues in cases of natural disaster, especially when there is no
displacement. Efforts should be made at HQ level to raise the awareness of all humanitarian
Annex B – Summary of Lessons Learned and Recommendations from Yogya Earthquake
Protection Cluster in Indonesia
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stakeholders, and ensure specific training and guidance for protection staff, on the relevance of protection
issues in a natural disaster contexts, included those not characterized by displacement.
The Protection Cluster lacked requisite expertise in the area of Land, Housing and Property Issues.
However, they identified two issues that may emerge, namely possible violations of the land rights of
vulnerable groups, and possible confusion and conflicts over issues of compensation for destroyed and
damaged houses. Although UN-Habitat has been identified by the IASC as an Agency of Responsibility
for this sub-cluster area, they did not participate in the Protection Cluster. Staff at the field-level were
unaware that their Agencies had made a commitment to lead.
At ground level, there is very limited understanding or commitment on the part of other Clusters as to their
roles and responsibilities to ensure that protection concerns and cross-cutting issues related to their
respective clusters are addressed
In light of the wide variety of issues that must be addressed by the Protection Cluster, if UNICEF is to act
as Head of Cluster, staff capacity should be bolstered in order to ensure the expertise necessary to
address wider protection concerns.
It is important that the Head of Cluster be able to act independently of both their organization and its
programmes in order to represent and address the best interests of the full spectrum of protection
concerns. This independence can be difficult if the Head of Cluster is also responsible for the
implementation of a programme.
Annex B – Summary of Lessons Learned and Recommendations from Yogya Earthquake
Protection Cluster in Indonesia
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