Part One: RESUME
Ninth grade students in Canon-McMillan High School will create a resume a word picture of a student’s
skills, education, interests, and past responsibilities. Every resume is different, depending on the amount
and kind of information required. Below is an outline of basic information included in a resume. See the
next page for a suggested resume
A.
Personal Data:
Name
Address
Phone
E-mail address
B.
Job Objective:
Position desired
C.
Education
Name of school and address
Graduation date
Q. P.A.
Courses
Special projects
D.
Skills Summary: key qualities and skills a student brings to a desired position
Problem solving
Computer applications
Working with people
Organization
Communication skills
E.
Extra-curricular Activities
F.
Community Services
G.
Work Experience:
Positions held indicating where and when, duties, and accomplishments
H.
Awards and Recognitions
I.
References
1
2
Part Two: MANUSCRIPT FORM
Hand-written Papers
1. Use standard composition paper.
2. Write only on the front of the paper. Begin all subsequent pages on the second line.
3. Use blue or black ink.
4. Keep a one-inch margin on the left and right sides of the paper. Do not write on the bottom line.
5. Place the heading in the top left margin following the example below. Note the date format:
day month year.
6. Center the title. Do not underline the title or put it in quotation marks. Capitalize the
following: first and last words of the title and all other words except articles, prepositions,
coordinating conjunctions and to in infinitives.
7. Skip two lines after the title. Do not write on every other line, unless the teacher instructs
you to do so.
8. Indent the beginning of paragraphs one inch. Do not skip an extra line to begin a new
paragraph.
9. Write legibly and avoid smudges or erasures. Correct errors neatly by drawing a single line
through the mistake and writing the correction above.
10. Staple paper in upper left corner.
EXAMPLE: The top of the first page of a hand-written paper
______________________________________________________________________________
The heading is written in the top left margin.
Tracy Jones
Ms. Murphy
English 10
8 September 2006
1” margin left and right
The Food of China
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
1”
Indent beginning of each paragraph one-inch.
3
Typed Papers
Below is an MLA format for a typed paper. This format should be used for all typed assignments.
1. Use 8 ½” x 11” white, unlined paper.
2. Number all pages in the upper right margin ½” from the top of the paper. Include
last name and page number. See example below. In Microsoft Word use “Header” found
under “View” to insert your last name and page number on every page.
3. Type the entire paper, including the heading and title, using Times New Roman font and 12
point font. (This is usually the computer default setting.)
4. Place the heading 1” from the top of the paper (double-space), flush with the left margin. Use
this format for the date: day month year.
5. Double-space after the date and center the title. Do not underline the title, or put it in
quotation marks. Capitalize the following: first and last word of the title and all other
words except articles, prepositions, coordinating conjunctions and to in infinitives.
6. Double-space and begin typing the text.
7. Use the “Tab” key to indent five spaces for paragraphs or use ½ inch.
8. Double-space the entire text.
9. Follow the MLA guidelines for parenthetical documentation and a Works Cited page if they are
required in the paper.
10. Keep a backup copy.
EXAMPLE: The top of the first page of a typed paper
______________________________________________________________________________
½”
Jones 1
1”
Tracy Jones
1”
Ms. Murphy
Double-space
English 10
8 September 2004
The Mystery of Poe
4
Title Page
A Title Page should only be used if your instructor requires one. A Title Page is no longer
required in MLA style. Although many formats exist, we strongly recommend the
following instructions for creating a Title Page:

Center the title of your paper 16 enters from the top margin. Follow the rules for
capitalizing titles.

Then enter 16 more times and center your name.

Double-space and center the name of your teacher.

Double-space again and center the name of the course.

Double-space again and center the current date (day month year).
After the Title Page, number ALL pages. On page 1, include the heading and the title of
the paper according to MLA instructions for typed papers.
5
The Issues of Stem Cell Research
Tracy Jones
Mrs. Smith
English 12
21 May 2007
6
Works Cited Format
The Works Cited page is an alphabetical listing of all source information parenthetically
documented in a paper. This can be done electronically using a comprehensive and accurate
MLA bibliography composer such as NoodleTools. The high school maintains a
subscription to NoodleTools. You are able to generate, edit, and publish an MLA Works
Cited list that complies with the rules of the current MLA Handbook. NoodleTools takes
care of punctuation, alphabetization and formatting, producing a polished source list for
import into WORD. You may also choose to type your Works Cited page. See directions on
page
How to Format a Works Cited Page Using NoodleTools
To Access NoodleTools for the First Time:
 Go to the media center’s Web page and look for the NoodleTools icon.
 If you never used NoodleTools before, you will have to “Create a Personal ID.”
How to Create a Personal ID:
1. On the login screen, click Create a Personal ID.
2. On the following screen, choose the option to create an account linked to my library’s
or school’s subscription. Click the Register button.
3. Enter the following:
 School/Library Username: bigmac
 School/Library Password: canon
Click on the Sign In button.
4. On the New User Registration screen, be sure I am a student or library patron is
selected.
5. Under Choose a Personal ID, use the following:
 Personal ID: The last 2 digits of the year you graduate, your last name, your first
initial (Example: 08jonesw) (This is the login you use at school everyday.)
 Password: Your student ID #
 The last 4 digits of your phone number are used for identification if you lose your
password or we need to locate your account.
Click the Register button. You will now use a program called “NoodleBib.”
6. You may start using NoodleBib immediately by selecting “Create a New List.”
Note: Once your personal ID has been created, you will simply “sign in” using this
selected personal ID and password. You will not have to login to the school subscription
again.
7
Using NoodleBib to Create Citations:
1. The first time you use NoodlleBib you will find a single empty table titled MY LISTS
displayed along with a large button titled “Create a New List.” Click on this button.
2. Before you begin a new list, you must provide some information:
 Choose the list style and version: MLA Advanced
 Provide a brief description: (Example: Science - Volcanoes)
 Click “Create List.”
3. The screen will now say “Works Cited.” You will select a citation type from the drop
down menu. Examples: magazine, book, website
4. A series of screens will prompt you for information about your source. Fill in
as many details about your source. Required fields are marked with an
asterisk.
5. Click Check for Errors to scan your entry for common mistakes.
6. After all information is entered and you have made corrections, click the
Generate Citation button to create your citation. You will see your citation on the next
screen and you can edit it, save it, print it, or continue to add more citations. If you forgot a
header, you can add one at this point.
How to Export Citations to Microsoft Word:
The source list can be exported into WORD. NoodleTools allows for formatting options. The
default name for the most common MLA list used at Canon-McMillan High School is “Works
Cited.” In a Works Cited page you will cite only the sources that you cite in your paper. A list
of complete references is called a Bibliography. Take the time to “Preview” your document.
 EXPORT ( IT WILL BE IN RTF RICH TEXT FORMAT)
 RENAME DOCUMENT AND SAVE IN YOUR FOLDER.
 PRINT
How to Format a Work Cited Page Using Microsoft Word
1) Type your last name and the page number of your paper in the upper right-hand margin,
½” from the top of the page. If you created a “Header,” this information should already
appear on the last page.
2) Center the title Works Cited one inch from the top. Double-space before the first
bibliographic entry.
3) Double-space within each entry and between each entry.
4) Begin each entry flush with the left margin. If the entry runs more than one line, tab to
indent the second line or create a hanging indent 1/2 inch from the left margin Do not
number the entries.
5) List each entry alphabetically by the author’s last name. If there is no author, use the first
word of the title (disregard A, An, The). See Works Cited for examples.
8
Jones 12
Works Cited
Brooks, Sarah. Personal Interview. 15 Oct. 2003.
Carson, Eric. “Autism.” World Book Encyclopedia. 2004.
Collins, Jim. Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap…and Others Don’t. New
York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2001.
The Day After: Beyond Imaging. Prod. Robert A. Papazian. Dir. Nicholas Meyer.
Videocassette. Embassy, 1983.
“Home page.” 5 Nov. 2001. 19 Apr. 2004 <http://www.jazzmachine.net/music.html>.
Kraychyk, George. “Golden Globes: Denzel Washington.” 20 Dec.1999.
AccuNet/AP Multimedia Archive. AccuWeather. 11 Aug. 2003
<http://accuweather.ap.org>.
Mitchell, William J. City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Informationbahn. Cambridge:
MIT, 1995. MIT Electronic Books. 17 Sep. 2002 <http://mitpress.mit.edu/ebooks/City of Bitts>.
Prin, Dinah. “Marriage in the ‘90s.” New Yorker 2 June 1990: 40-45.
Reisman, Rosemary M. Canfield. “Pride and Prejudice.” Masterplots Complete 1999.
CD-ROM. Salem. 1999.
9
Part Three: Parenthetical Documentation and Block Quotations
In research papers and in any other writing that borrows information from sources, the borrowed
information, if it is not common knowledge, must be clearly documented. Any borrowed facts or
ideas must be documented. Such borrowed information may take the form of the following:






Direct quotations
Paraphrased information
Summaries
Charts or graphs
Material from TV shows, videos, DVDs, or computer printouts
Interviews, song lyrics
In-text citations are enclosed in parentheses and should be as concise as possible, most
often including the author’s last name and the specific page number from the source. The
MLA recommends that all in-text citations refer the reader to a Works Cited list that
appears at the end of the paper. See Works Cited instructions.
EXAMPLES:
In his non-fiction, Stephen King analyzes his unique control
over a basic human emotion: fear (Anderson 22). He clarifies
with his unique sense of the macabre that he understands and operates
on all levels of the terror response (Smith 146).
Shakespeare’s Hamlet seems resolute when he declares, “The play’s the
thing/Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the King” (2.2.633-34).
NOTE: In making references to plays, omit page numbers and cite by act, scene, or part and line
numbers, separating the various numbers with periods. In the example, 2 = Act II, 2 = Scene 2, 633-34
refers to line numbers. If you did not mention the title of the play or reference to the title is not
mentioned in the text, the citation would be as follows (Hamlet 2.2.633-34).
SAMPLE PARENTHETICAL FORMAT:
One author
Two authors
Three authors
Four or more authors
Anonymous article*
Anonymous book*
(Smith 14)
(Smith and Jones 172)
(Smith, Jones, and Wall 29)
(Smith et al. 14)
(“Trombones” 33)
(Antiques 401)
10
*Use a shortened version of the title. Antiques from the 1800’s becomes
(Antiques 401).
Refer to the MLA Handbook for corporate authorship, two or more works by the
same author, or a reference to the author or work in the text.
Block Quotations
If a quotation runs to more than four lines in your paper, set it off from your text by beginning a new
line, indenting one inch from the left margin, and typing it double-spaced, without adding quotations. A
colon generally introduces a quotation displayed in this way, though sometimes the context may require
a different mark of punctuation or none at all. If you quote only a single paragraph or part of one, do not
indent the first line more than the rest. A parenthetical reference to a prose quotation set off from the
text follows the last line of the quotation.
At the conclusion of Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys realize the horror of their
actions:
The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for
the first time on the island; great, shuddering; spasms of grief seemed to wrench
his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage
of the island ; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and
sob too. (186)
Part Four: Source Citations
This guide reflects recommendations in the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Sixth Edition.
The Works Cited page lists alphabetically all the sources used within the text of a research paper. The
parenthetical documentation allows the reader to refer to the Works Cited page for further information. Create a
Bibliography if you must name all the sources that influenced your writing and research.
BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS
SAMPLE BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS
The list below identifies the possible components of a book entry and the order in which they are
arranged.
1. Author’s name or corporate author or editor’s name.
2. Title of a part of the book for anthologies, collection of essays, or some reference books (in
quotation marks).
3. Title of the book (underlined).
11
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Name of the editor, translator, or compiler.
Edition used.
Number(s) of the volume(s) used in Arabic numerals.
Name of the series (Do not underline).
Place of publication: name of the publisher, and most recent date of publication. Use the
first city listed.
9. Page numbers (only for anthologies or collections of essays).
Basic Book Format
Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. City of Publication:
Publishing Company, Copyright Date.
One author
Armstrong, Lance. It’s Not About the Bike: My Journey Back to Life. New York:
Putnam’s Sons, 2000.
One author (book in a series)
Levy, Patricia. Scotland. Cultures of the World. New York: Marshall Cavendish,
2001.
Two authors
Daniels, Harvey, and Marilyn Bizar. Methods That Matter: Six Structures for Best
Practice Classrooms. Portland: Stenhouse, 1998.
Three authors, edition
Whitten, Jeffrey L., Lonnie D. Bentley, and Victor M. Barlow. Systems Analysis
and Design Methods. 2nd ed. Homewood, IL: Irwin, 1989.
More than three authors, edition
Stewart, Marie M., et al. Business English and Communication.. 6th ed. New
York: Gregg Division/McGraw Hill, 1984.
No author, series
Venezuela...in Pictures. Visual Geography Ser. Minneapolis: Lerner, 1999.
NOTE: Use “Ser.” only if the word “series” appears in the series name. Include the number if the book
is from a numbered series.
One editor
Layman, Richard, ed. American Decades:1960-1969. New York: Gale Research,
1995.
12
Two editors, series
Williams, Mary E., and Tamara L. Roleff, eds. Tobacco and Smoking: Opposing
Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints Ser. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998.
NOTE: If there is a book editor and a series editor listed, use the book editor. In some works
there are various levels of editors listed. In that case, use the first one listed.
Author and editor, revised edition
Robertson, John A. The Rights of the Critically Ill. Ed. Norman Dorsen. Rev. ed.
Toronto: Bantam, 1983.
NOTE: “ed.” stands for editor and “eds.” stands for editors when either follows the
editor(s) name(s). When listing an editor or editors after a title, “Ed.” stands for “Edited
by” and is used only in the singular. “Ed.” is capitalized ONLY when it
follows the title.
Selection in an anthology
Macaulay, Thomas. “London Streets.” The English Tradition: Nonfiction. Ed. Marjorie Wescott
Barrows, et al. New York: Macmillan, 1968. 83-89.
Classics
Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. W. H. D. Rouss. New York: New American
Library, 1958.
US government publication, author and agency sponsorship
United States. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. The Legal Aspects of
Protective Services for Abused and Neglected Children. By Barbara A.
Caufield. Washington: GPO, 1998.
US government publication, no author, agency sponsorship
United States. Dept. of State. Bureau of Public Affairs. Background Notes:
Algeria. Washington: GPO, Nov. 1999.
Pamphlet with little information
NOTE: When publication information is not given, supply as much of the information as you can.
Homelessness. New York: National Research Bureau, 2000.
“Depressants.” N.p. : n.p., n.d. (No place of publication, no publisher, no date)
13
REFERENCE BOOKS
NOTE: If you are using an article from a reference work, cite the author first (if the article is signed),
the article title second, and then the rest of the entry. Publication information is not needed for general
(familiar) dictionaries and encyclopedias. Volume and page numbers are also not needed if the work is
alphabetically arranged.
General dictionary
Include the title of the article in the Works Cited.
“Naturalism.” Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 10th ed. 2002.
General encyclopedia, signed article
Basic Format
Author of the Article (if given). “Title of Article.” Name of Encyclopedia. Year of
Publication.
Cleland, Hugh G. “Child Labor.” Encyclopedia Americana. 1999 ed.
General encyclopedia, unsigned article
“Chavez, Cesar.” World Book Encyclopedia. 1999 ed.
Dictionary of American Biography, signed article
Ford, Worthington Chauncey. “Adams, Charles Francis.” Dictionary of American
Biography. Ed. Allen Johnson. New York: Scribner’s, 1928.
Culturegrams or a Notebook with periodically updated pages
“Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.” Culturegrams 2004. Lindon, UT: Axiom, 2004.
Single-volume reference books
NOTE: Follow the examples in BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS unless the source is a general dictionary or
a general encyclopedia. Use the information on the book’s title page to help you choose the correct
format.
When using one article from a multi-volume reference set in which the volumes have different
titles, use this format:
Basic Format:
Article Author. “Article Title.” Volume Ttitle. Editor (if listed). City of Publication:
Publisher, Copyright Date. Vol. # of Multi-volume Set Title. Editor(s) of Set
(if given).Edition (if given). Name of Series (if given).
Freedman, Paulo. “Germany.” Europe. Danbury, CT: Grolier, 2005. Vol. 3 of
Lands and Peoples.
14
PRINT PERIODICALS: NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES
NOTE: Take the author’s name from the beginning or the end of the article. Do not abbreviate May,
June, or July. Do not include “The” in the title of a magazine or newspaper.
The list below shows most of the possible components of an entry for an article in a periodical citation
and the order in which they are normally arranged.
1. Author’s name (if given).
2. Title of article (in quotation marks).
3. Name of the periodical (underlined).
4. Volume number (scholarly journal only)
5. Year of publication (scholarly journal only – in parentheses):
OR
5. Date of publication (written day month year—i.e. 10 Dec. 2000):
6. Page numbers.
NOTE: If the pages are not consecutive in the periodical, write the starting page number followed by the
plus sign. Example: Science 15 Apr. 1999: 24+.
Newspaper without name of city in title, signed article
Basic Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article in Quotes.” Name of Newspaper
underlined [Place of publication, unless written in title or a nationally recognized
publication] Date of Article: Page Number(s).
Saylor, Steve. “Mounts Earn a Key Win.” Intelligencer Journal [Lancaster, PA]
1 Feb. 1984 : 17+.
Newspaper, unsigned article, section of newspaper
“Teamster Local in Lancaster Searched by Federal Agents.” Philadelphia
Inquirer 1 Feb. 1984: B2.
Magazine, signed article
Basic Format:
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article in Quotes.” Name of Magazine
underlined Date of Magazine: Page Number(s).
Branscomb, Lewis M. “Improving R & D Productivity: The Federal Role.” Science
14 Oct. 1999: 133-35.
Magazine, unsigned (article continues in the back of the issue)
“Scoundrel Times.” National Review 16 June 2003:16+.
15
Scholarly journal
Craner, Paul M. “New Tool for an Ancient Art: The Computer and Music.”
Computers and the Humanities 25 (1991): 303-13.
Hallin, Daniel C. “Sound Bite News: Television Coverage of Elections, 19681988.” Journal of Communication 42.2 (1992): 5-24.
NOTE: When no month is given and only a volume number is available, place the
volume number after the name of the journal and before the year. If an issue number is
given, see the second example: 42.2 signifies volume 42, issue 2. The publication
year follows in parentheses.
MAP or CHART
Name of Map (or Chart). Place of Publication: Publisher, year.
Europe 1944. New York: Rand McNally, 2000.
INTERVIEW
To cite an interview that you conducted, give the name of the person interviewed,
the kind of interview (personal, telephone), and the date.
NOTE: A personal interview is conducted by the researcher in person. A telephone interview is
conducted by the researcher on the telephone. Interview alone indicates that the interview was
conducted by someone other than the researcher. E-mail interview is used when citing an interview
conducted online.
Fleetwood, Mick. Personal Interview. 18 Dec. 2003.
Bettis, Jerome. Telephone Interview. 10 Dec. 2001.
Walters, Barbara. Interview with Michael Jackson. 20/20. ABC. WATE, Pittsburgh. 5 Apr. 1995.
RECORDINGS
Purchased videorecording or DVD
List information for a purchased video or DVD in the following order:
1. Title of the film (underlined).
2. Dir. (Director’s first name and last name). Perf. (Principal Performers’ first and last names).
3. Original release date
4. Format (Videocassette or DVD).
5. Name of Video Production Company or Distributor,
6. Copyright date.
16
Andrew Carnegie: Gospel of Wealth. Shaping of the American Nation Ser.
Videocassette. Learning Corporation of America, n.d.
Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. Dir. Peter Jackson. Perf. Elijah Wood.
DVD. New Line Home Entertainment, 2001.
Taped videorecording from television
“A Time for Action.” Chemical People. Videocassette. PBS. WITF, Hershey. n.d.
“Frankenstein: The Making of the Monster.” Great Books. Narr. Donald
Sutherland. Videocassette. TLC. 8 Sep. 1993.
Television program
“AIDS—the Mysterious Disease.” MacNeil Lehrer Report. PBS. WPIX, Pittsburgh, 26 Aug.
1999.
Electronic encyclopedia on CD-ROM
Kline, Hibberd V. B., Jr. “Nile River.” Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2002.
2002 ed. CD-ROM.
Sound recording
Artist. Title. Record company, year.
Crow, Sheryl. The Very Best of Sheryl Crow. A & M Records, 2003.
To cite a lecture or a speech, provide the speaker’s name, title of the lecture or speech in quotation
marks, the meeting and the sponsoring organization (if applicable), the location [including place and
city], and the date. If there is no title, use an appropriate descriptive label (e.g., Lecture, Address,
Keynote speech). Do not underline or enclose in quotation marks.
Libris, Lola. “Introduction to Online Databases.” 2003 Arkadelphia Library Association.
Hilton Hotel, Arkadelphia. 28 March 2003.
17
INTERNET SOURCES
Basic Format For Citing The Internet
Author or Web Master. (last name, first name) “Title of the web page.” (or portion of
the web page used) Title of web site. (Home page) Copyright date or last
update. (day month year followed by a period) Company or organization
sponsoring the site. Date of access (day month year) <URL of Home page>.
EXAMPLE:
Fahrenbach, W. H. “What Is a Bigfoot, or Sasquatch?” The Bigfoot Field Researchers
Organization. 2002. BFRO.net. 9 Feb. 2005 www.brfo.net.
Internet Sources
Web Pages (The Free Web)
Basic Format
Include as many items from the list below as are relevant and available.
1. Name of the author or web master (last name, first name) of portion used (if available).
2. Title of portion used from a site (in quotation marks).
3. Title of the Web site (underlined) as given on the home page. If no title is given, use
“Home page.”
4. Name of editor of the site (if any).
5. Date of creation, publication, copyright, or last date updated. (day month year followed by a
period).
6. Name of any institution, company or organization sponsoring the information on the site.
7. Date you accessed the source (day month year – Do not follow with a period.)
8. Internet address or URL of the source (in angle brackets <http://… >).
Note: If you are using the entire Web site, skip items 1 and 2 above.
Author of information. “Title of Web page (portion of Web site) used.” Title of Web site.
Copyright date of Web site or last updated date. Sponsoring company,
organization, or producer. Date of access (Day Month Year) <address of Web page
used>.
18
Portion of a Web Site
“Al Capone.” History Files. Chicago Historical Society. 16 Mar. 2002
<http://www.chicagoohs.org/history/capone.html>.
Mitchell, Jason P. Letter. “PMLA Letter.” Home Page. 10 May 1997. 1 Nov. 1999
<http://sunset.backbone.olemiss.edu/~jmitchel/pmla.htm>.
Scholarly Project
Voices from the Dust Bowl: The Charles L. Todd and Robert Sonkin Migrant Worker
Collection, 1940-1941. 8 Jan. 1998. American Folklife Center. Lib. of Cong. 19
Aug. 2003 <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tshome.html>.
Professional Site
“Portuguese Language Page.” U of Chicago. 1 May 2002
<http://humanities.uchicago.edu/romance/port/>.
Commercial Site (news)
Forero, Juan. “Interdiction of Drug Planes in Colombia to Resume.” New York Times on
the Web. 19 Aug. 2003. New York Times.19 Aug. 2003
<http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/19/international/americas/19CNDDRUGS.ht
ml>.
Book
Shakespeare, William. Macbeth.Nesbit, E[dith]. “Ballads and Lyrics of Socialism.
London, 1908.” Victorian Women Writers Project. Ed. Perry Willett. Apr.
1997. Indiana U. 26 Apr. 2002 <http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/nesbit/
ballsoc.html>.
Article in an Online Magazine
Vesey, Ken. “The Internet-only Research Approach: Does the Web Really Have All
There Is to Say?” From Now On: The Educational Technology Journal
Sept. 2002. 18 Aug. 2003 <http ://www.fno.org/sept02/internetonly.html>.
19
Poem
Whitman, Walt. “I Sit and Look Out.“ Leaves of Grass. Philadelphia: McKay,
[1900]. Bartleby.com. Ed. Steven van Leeuwen. 2003. 15 Aug. 2003
<http://www.bartleby.com/142/83.html>.
Internet Sources
Online Periodical/Magazine/Newspaper Subscription Databases
Basic Format
1. Author’s name (if given).
2. Title of article or material (in quotation marks).
3. Name of the periodical (underlined).
4. Date of publication:
5. Number range for pages (if given).
6. Name of database (underlined).
7. Name of the subscription service (do not underline).
8. Name and location of library (see NOTE below).
9. Date of access
10. Electronic addresses or URL of database home page (if known – in angle
brackets <http://… >).
NOTE: These examples do NOT include # 8 above, particularly as many of the databases students use
are now available statewide. However, in the original MLA Handbook, the name and location of the
library are included. Some of the POWER Library databases will print out the library location in the
citation. This is acceptable practice.
EBSCOhost Databases
Thurman, James N. “Behind Drop in US Murder Rate: A Decline in Gun
Crime.” Christian Science Monitor 20 Oct. 1999: 4. MasterFILE Premier.
EBSCOhost. 10 Jan. 2003 <http://www.epnet.com>.
Churchman, Deborah. “Snappers.” Ranger Rick Mar. 2001:34-39. Middle
Search Plus. EBSCOhost. 18 June 2003 <http://www.epnet.com>.
“Mountain Lion.” Encyclopedia of Animals. EBSCO Animals. EBSCOhost.
10 Jan. 2003 <http://www.epnet.com>.
20
SIRS Discoverer
Cooper, Jane. “Teenage Parenting Revisited.” Teenage Newsletter June
1999: 4+. SIRS Discoverer on the Web. SIRS Knowledge Source. 5 Aug.
2003 <http://discoverer.sirs.com>.
Internet Sources – Online Subscription Databases (non-periodical)
Basic Format
1. Author’s name (if given).
2. Title of article, poem, or material (in quotation marks).
3. Name of the print source (underlined) with publication information (if given).
4. Name of the database (underlined).
5. Editor(s) (if available).
6. Edition or version (if given).
7. Date of electronic publication.
8. Name of sponsoring company, organization, or producer.
9. Name and location of library (not included below; see previous note).
10. Date of access
11. Electronic addresses or URL of database home page (in angle brackets
<http://… >).
Article in an Online Encyclopedia
Sauer, Wolfgang. “Hitler, Adolf, (1889-1945).” Encyclopedia Americana.
Grolier. 29 Aug. 2003 <http//go.grolier.com>.
Kyvig, David E. “Prohibition.” World Book Online. IBM/World Book. 16 Mar.
2003 <http://www.worldbookonline.com>.
Gale’s Literary Databases
Bleiler, Richard. “Stephen King.” Supernatural Fiction Writers. Scribners,
1985. Scribners Writers Series. Thomson Gale. 17 June 2003
<http ://galenet.galegroup.com>.
Grolier’s Databases
Jardim, Anne. “Guyana.” Lands and Peoples Online. Grolier. 12 Sep. 2002
<http://go.grolier.com>.
“Water Supply.” The New Book of Popular Science. Grolier. 12 Sep. 2002
<http://go.grolier.com>.
21
Grove’s Databases
MacDonald, Ian. “The Beatles.” New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
Online. Oxford UP. 17 June 2003 <http://www.grovemusic.com>.
Van Uitert, Evert. “Gogh, Vincent (Willem) van.” Grove Dictionary of Art
Online. Oxford UP. 17 June 2003 <http://www.groveart.com>.
LitFinder
Cummings, Edward Estlin. “Chanson Innocente: 2.” LitFinder. Roth.
18 Sept. 2003 <http ://www.poemfinder.com>.
AccuNet/AP Multimedia Archive (photographs, graphics)
1. Photographer. (if given)
2. Title of photograph as listed under “Object Name.” (in quotation marks).
3. Date photograph was taken listed as “Creation Date.” (if given)
4. Name of the database (underlined).
5. Name and location of library (not included below, see previous note).
6. Date of access
7. Electronic address <URL of database homepage. (in angle brackets <http://… >).
Kraychyk, George. “Golden Globes: Denzel Washington.” 20 Dec.1999.
AccuNet/AP Multimedia Archive. AccuWeather. 11 Aug. 2003
<http://accuweather.ap.org>.
“Lincoln Family.” AccuNet/AP Multimedia Archive. AccuWeather.
14 Sep. 2003 <http://accuweather.ap.org>.
NOTE: Sometimes the name of the photographer is followed by the word staff or stringer. You may
think that these are part of the photographer’s name. Stringer is a term to refer to free lance
photographers who are not on staff with AP. Do not include these terms with the photographer’s name.
Blog Entry
1. Last name, First name.
2. “Title of individual blog entry.”
3. [Weblog entry.]
4. Name of Weblog.
5. Sponsoring organization, if any.
6. Date posted.
7. (URL).
22
8. Date accessed.
Valenza, Joyce K. “Citing a Blog Entry in MLA Style.” [Weblog entry.] Neverending Search.
Springfield Township High School. 10 Jan. 2007. (http://joycevalenza.edublogs.org/permalink06).
31 Jan. 2007.
E-MAIL
To document an E-mail message, provide the following information:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Author’s name.
Subject line, in quotation marks.
Description of message that includes recipient (e.g., E-mail to the author).
Date of sending.
Smither, Apple. “How to Cite Information from the Web.” E-mail to Alice Adams. 23 Jan. 2004.
WIKIS / Wikipedia
“Superman.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 21 Aug. 2006. Wikimedia Foundation. 22 Aug. 2006
<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superman&oldid=70920527>.
Online Sound
1. Creator if Available.
2. “Description or Title of Sound.”
3. Date of Sound.
4. Online sound.
5. Title of Larger Site.
6. Date of download.
7. <http://address.website.org>.
“This Week’s Saturday Radio Address.” 25 Oct. 1998. Online sound. Whitehouse Briefing Room. 23
Oct. 2000. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/html/briefroom.html>.
23
Online Video Clip
1. “Description or Title of Video Clip.”
2. Date of clip.
3. Online video clip.
4. Title of Larger Site.
5. Name of Providing Library, Consortium or Library System (if appropriate).
6. Date of download.
7. <http://address.website.org>.
“Hindenburg Broadcast.” 6 May 1937. Online video clip. Encarta Online Deluxe. Springfield Township
HS Lib. 4 Nov. 2000. <http://encarta.msn.com/encarta/MediaMax.asp?z>.
.website.org>.
“Hindenburg Broadcast.” 6 May 1937. Online video clip. Encarta Online Deluxe. Springfield Township
HS Lib. 4 Nov. 2000. <http://encarta.msn.com/encarta/MediaMax.asp?z>.
24
Part Five: Additional Resources
NOODLE BIB “CHEAT SHEET”
Book:
 Select “Book” as the resource type
 Select “Print” as the publication medium.
 Complete the following where the information is available:
 Author
 Title of Book*
 Publication City
 Publisher
 Publication Year
 Series Name
Complete everything with an asterisk.*
Encyclopedia (Print):
 Select “Reference Source (Dictionary, Encyclopedia, etc.)” as the resource type.
 Select “Print” as the publication medium.
 Complete the following where the information is available:
 Author
 Title of Article/Entry*
 Title of Reference Book*
 Page Numbers
 Volume Number
 Publication City
 Publisher
 Publication Year
Complete everything with an asterisk.*
Grolier Online:
 Select “Reference Source (Dictionary, Encyclopedia, etc.)” as the resource type.
 Select “Online” as the publication medium.
 When asked, “Is the online material duplicated from a printed work?” answer YES.
 Select “Subscription” content.
 Enter the name of the database. (example: Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia)
 The URL will be filled in. Don’t change it.
 Complete the following where the information is available:
 Author
 Title of Article/Entry*
 Title of Reference Book*
 Most Recent Date of Access*
 URL* (This is already done for you)
 Name of Website, Project or Database (This is already done for you)
 Date of e-publication, Last Update, or Copyright
 Sponsoring Institution or Organization
Complete everything with an asterisk.*
25
Power Library / Biography Reference Bank:
 Select “Reference Source (Dictionary, Encyclopedia, etc.)” as the resource type.
 Select “Online” as the publication medium.
 Select “Encyclopedia or Biographical Dictionary” as the type of source.
 When asked, “Is the online material duplicated from a printed work?” answer YES.
 Select “Subscription” content.
 Enter the name of the database: Biography Reference Bank.
 The URL will be filled. Don’t change it.
 When available, use the information found after the word Text to complete the following:
 Author
 Title of Article/Entry*
 Title of Original Print Reference Source
 Editor
 Book Publisher
 Publication Year
 Most Recent Date of Access*
 Name of Subscription Service* (This will be already done.)
 Name of Database within the Subscription Service* (This will be already done.)
 Name & City/State of Library that provides service
 URL (This is already done for you.)
Complete everything with an asterisk.*
General Websites:
 Select “Web Site” as the resource type.
 Select “Free” content.
 Select “Unique URL.”
 When available, use the information found after the word Text to complete the following:
 Author
 Name of Web Site (NOT the URL)*
 Page or Article Title*
 Sponsoring Organization or Institution
 Date Page or Date Site Was Last Updated
 Most Recent Date of Access*
 Unique URL*
Complete everything with an asterisk.*
26
NetTrekker:
NetTrekker is a search engine. Do not cite it in NoodleBib. However, cite any Web sites used that were
found with NetTrekker.
You now have access to an award-winning academic search engine that’s safe, fast and easy for you to
use. netTrekker d.i. contains over 180,000 educator-selected online resources organized by readability
level and aligned with Pennsylvania state standards. Accessed from school or from home, netTrekker
d.i. is an awesome search engine that should replace doing a typical Google search. At this time
netTrekker is funded by the state for every school in Pennsylvania.
 Go to the Canon-McMillan School District Homepage: www.cmsd.k12.pa.us.
 Under the school menu, select “Canon-McMillan High School.”
 Select the netTrekker link at the very bottom of the page.
 The next screen will have login space on the top right hand corner of the screen. In the
username box, type: iu1cm.student.
 Enter the password: student.
 Click on “login.” This will take you into netTrekker d.i.
The screen below shows the netTrekker high school page divided into curriculum areas with links to
timelines, famous persons, image searches and much more. netTrekker d.i. can also be accessed from
the high school media center web page and can be used by Canon-McMillan students using the
following nettrekker codes:
STUDENTS
USER NAME:
iu1cm.student
PASSWORD:
student
27
PART SIX: CONVENTIONS
Titles
1. Capitalize the following: first and last words of the title, and all other
words except articles, prepositions, coordinating conjunctions and to in infinitives.
2. Underline titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, and book-length poems. If
you are hand-writing a paper, do not underline spaces. If you are using a
computer, it is acceptable to underline the complete title with spaces or to use
italics. However, it is much easier for the reader if the titles are underlined. Consult
your instructor for the desired method.
Hand-written example:
Computer example:
Computer example:
A Tale of Two Cities
Field and Stream
It’s Not about the Bike: My Journey Back to Life
1. Use quotation marks around titles of short stories, magazine or newspaper articles, poems,
songs, chapters of books, and other short selections.
O. Henry’s short story, “The Gift of the Magi”
Frost’s poem, “Mending Wall”
Chapter 30, “Punctuation”
2. Never use both quotes and underlining at the same time.
Capitalization
1. Capitalize the first word in any sentence.
2. Capitalize the first word of a direct quotation. Do not capitalize the first word of a quoted
fragment.
The coach said, “I accept this trophy on behalf of the team.”
The coach said that he would accept the trophy “on behalf of the team.”
3. Capitalize proper nouns and proper adjectives.
Canada
The study of Spanish
Black history
28
4.
Capitalize geographical names.
Elm Street
Washington County
Raccoon State Park
5. Capitalize the words North, South, East, and West when they refer to recognized
sections of the country. Do not capitalize north, south, east, and west when they indicate
directions.
The North fought the South during the Civil War.
Turn east at the next corner.
6. Capitalize official names of organizations, institutions, and government bodies.
Canon-McMillan High School
First Methodist Church
Drama Club
7. General words such as high school, club, church, etc., are not capitalized unless they are part
of a proper noun.
She will attend high school in the fall.
Have you joined any clubs?
Are you a student at Cecil Intermediate School or the middle school?
8. Capitalize names of nationalities, races, and religions.
Belgian
Roman Catholic
African-American
9.
Capitalize the names of classes of a particular school or college. The words
freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior are not capitalized when they designate a
grade level.
At California University of Pennsylvania, the Sophomore Class defeated the
Junior Class in mathematics competition.
Andrew is a sophomore in high school; I am a junior.
29
10. Capitalize the names of school subjects if they are proper adjectives, the names of
languages, and course names followed by a number or letter.
American history
English
French
Art 102
Chemistry II
history
drama
foreign language
art
chemistry
11. Capitalize words indicating position if the proper name follows.
Coach Wilson
President Clark
Dean Dylan
12. When such titles are used alone, capitalize them only if they refer to a high
government official.
Don Wilson, football coach
Tina Clark, president of our class
George Bush, President of the United States
The Senator from Maine said…
13. Capitalize words referring to the Deity.
Lord, the Almighty
C.
God made His wishes known.
Punctuation
End Punctuation
1. Use a period after every statement.
2. Use a question mark after every question.
3.
Use an exclamation point after an exclamation.
You’re kidding!
4. Use a period or an exclamation point after a command, depending upon the force
intended.
Please give me an answer soon.
Answer me now!
Comma
1. Use commas to separate words, phrases, and clauses in a series.
We arrived on the scene, we assessed the situation, and we chose a
course of action.
30
2. Use a comma to separate two independent clauses joined by and, but, or, nor, for, yet.
Spider Man was an enjoyable movie, but The Lion King was far superior.
3. Use a comma to set off introductory words or phrases.
Yes, I realize my argument is flawed.
By the way, I can’t join you this evening.
4. Use a comma to set off introductory adverb clauses.
While Mom makes the potato salad, we can set the table.
5. Use commas to set off parenthetical words and phrases.
We agreed, therefore, to sign the document.
6. Use commas to set off nonessential adjective clauses.
NONESSENTIAL: Chicago, which is my favorite city, is located in Illinois.
ESSENTIAL:
The city which interests me most is Chicago.
7. Use commas to set off appositives.
Jenny, the chef at La Dolce Vita, loves to experiment with sauces.
8. Use commas after each item in an address or date if there is more than one part.
Their baby was born on Monday, December 5, 1994, in Washington,
Pennsylvania.
Semicolon
1. Use a semicolon to separate two independent clauses not joined by and, but, or, nor, for, yet.
Take with you only necessary items; leave behind anything heavy or bulky.
2. Use a semicolon and a comma to separate two independent clauses joined by words such as for
example, nevertheless, however, consequently, and therefore.
Tension rose during the meeting; nevertheless, most of the club members remained calm.
31
3. Use a semicolon before a coordinating conjunction that connects two independent clauses
containing commas.
I wanted to register for biology, volleyball, and Spanish; but only calculus, golf, and
German were available.
Colon
1. Use a colon before a list of items if preceded by a complete idea. Do not use a colon after a
verb.
You will probably have to do the following: Fill out an application, submit references,
and go for an interview.
The winners were Mary, Sue, and Jane. (No colon used.)
Quotation Marks
1. Use quotes to enclose a direct quotation.
Arnold said, “I’ll be back!”
2. Use single quotes to enclose a quote within a quote.
Maria asked, “Did you hear Arnold say, ‘I’ll be back’?”
3. Place commas and periods inside the closing quotation marks.
“We can finish the job today,” Paul said.
4. Place colons and semicolons outside the closing quotation marks.
“Sharon,” he said, “help us empty these crates”; then he organized a cleanup crew.
5. Place question marks or exclamation points inside the closing quotation marks if the quote is a
question or exclamation; otherwise, place them outside.
“Are the players here?” asked the coach.
Were you shocked to hear him say, “I’m sorry”?
32
Part Seven: Writing Standards
FOCUS
WRITING ASSESSMENT DOMAIN SCORING GUIDE
CONTENT
ORGANIZATION
STYLE
CONVENTIONS
The single
controlling point
made with an
awareness of task
(mode) about a
specific topic
The presence of
ideas developed
through facts,
examples,
anecdotes, details,
opinions, statistics,
reasons and/or
explanations
The order developed
and sustained within
and across paragraphs
using transitional
devices including
introduction and
conclusion
The choice, use and
arrangement of
words and structures
that create tone and
voice
The use of grammar,
mechanics, spelling,
usage and sentence
formation
Sharp, distinct
controlling point
made about a
single topic with
evident awareness
of task (mode)
Substantial,
specific and/or
illustrative content
demonstrating
strong
development and
sophisticated ideas
Sophisticated
arrangement of
content with evident
and/or subtle
transitions
Precise, illustrative
use of a variety of
words and sentence
structures to create
consistent writer’s
voice and tone
appropriate to
audience
Evident control of
grammar,
mechanics, spelling,
usage and sentence
formation
Apparent point
made about a
single topic with
sufficient
awareness of task
(mode)
Sufficiently
developed content
with adequate
elaboration or
explanation
Functional
arrangement of
content that sustains a
logical order with
some evidence of
transitions
Generic use of a
variety of words and
sentence structures
that may or may not
create writer’s voice
and tone appropriate
to audience
Sufficient control of
grammar,
mechanics, spelling,
usage and sentence
formation
2
No apparent point
but evidence of a
specific topic
Limited content
with inadequate
elaboration or
explanation
Confused or
inconsistent
arrangement of
content with or
without attempts at
transition
Limited word choice
and control of
sentence structures
that inhibit voice
and tone
Limited control of
grammar,
mechanics, spelling,
usage and sentence
formation
1
Minimal evidence
of a topic
Superficial and/or
minimal content
Minimal control of
content arrangement
Minimal variety in
word choice and
minimal control of
sentence structures
Minimal control of
grammar,
mechanics, spelling,
usage and sentence
formation
4
3
0
NON-SCORABLE
OFF-PROMPT
 Is illegible; i.e., includes so many indecipherable words that no
sense can be made of the response
 Is incoherent, i.e., words are legible but syntax is so garbled that
response makes no sense
 Is insufficient, i.e., does not include enough to assess domains
adequately
 Is a blank paper
 Is readable but does not develop prompt
33
Coherence strengthens the order and arrangement of ideas in a paper. Transitional words are an
effective means to organize paragraphs. For example, transition can convey chronological order, spatial
order, or order of importance.
To strengthen or add to an argument:
In addition,
For example,
Also,
As well as ___,
All in all,
Furthermore,
Again,
Next,
For instance,
Moreover,
Along with ____,
Besides,
One example is ____.
Finally
To emphasize a point:
Truly,
In other words,
To emphasize ___
Indeed,
To be precise,
In reality,
To repeat,
In all honesty,
To be exact
In truth,
For this reason,
To contrast or say BUT:
However,
Nevertheless,
Otherwise,
Despite ___,
Even though ___,
Otherwise,
Whereas ____,
Still,
In fact,
To be precise,
Unfortunately,
In truth,
Although ____,
In reality,
To compare:
Likewise,
As in this case,
In comparison,
As in this example,
To conclude or say BECAUSE:
Consequently,
As a result,
Due to ____,
Since ____,
Moreover,
All in all,
In contrast,
In spite of ___,
On the other hand,
In all honesty,
Similarly,
In the same way,
Therefore,
In turn,
To order chronologically (by time):
First,
Secondly,
Thirdly,
While ___,
Meanwhile, In the meantime,
Often,
Later,
Immediately,
The following day/week/year,
Around this time,
To show emotional motivation:
In desperation,
Angrily,
Fearfully,
In hope of ____,
In fear of ____,
In light of this,
In fact,
In other words,
Similar to ___
Also,
In turn,
Because of this,
For this reason,
Lastly,
Oftentimes,
When____,
Until _______,
Finally,
During ____,
Before ___,
Afterward,
Happily,
Gladly,
With hope,
In reaction to ___,
To show location:
above behind
across by inside into below down near far against beneath
under underneath
in back of
along beside between off
in front of on
onto among around
on top of
beyond outside over
throughout
to the right
34
Strong Verbs/Specific Words
In addition to organization, support is a key element in writing well. In writing well-organized, detailed
paragraphs, the writer should use specific diction that clarifies ideas and develops clear communication.
Using concrete, accurate words rather than general ones will improve writing.
Instead of said
whisper
shout
hiss
shriek/screech
murmur
scream
lecture
yelp
order
exclaim
reprimand
yell
admonish
emphasize
stipulate
demand
wail
fuss
scoff
wheedle
hoot
sulk
inform
grumble
Ways to walk
stride
advance
parade
saunter
stroll
amble
hobble
stumble
trundle
limp
mosey
shuffle
whine
moan
lament
implore
beg
request
inquire
ask
blubber
groan
howl
growl
tiptoe
creep
slide
slink
skulk
lurk
mumble
garble
mutter
complain
mock
whimper
sob
weep
snicker
plead
joke
holler
gallop
prance
leap
tramp
bound
scamper
babble
laugh
giggle
chuckle
sneer
simper
coo
cluck
command
reply
comment
lie/hedge/prevaricate
tread
dawdle
traipse
prowl
sneak
scatter
35
Boundaries of bad
evil
malignant
malevolent
demonic
satanic
malicious
wicked
sinister
ominous
menacing
bovine
absurd
frivolous
vacuous
mischievous
ornery
precocious
pernicious
pugnacious
belligerent
cantankerous
truculent
sullen
hostile
inane
asinine
ignorant
devoid
rancid
putrid
vile
revolting
nauseating
rank
repulsive
horrid
hideous
abhorrent
corrupted
spoiled
tainted
tarnished
cunning
conniving
scheming
duplicitous
hypocritical
vindictive
spiteful
vengeful
manipulative
devious
wily
pathetic
pitiable
meager
cold-hearted
unfeeling
cruel
callous
heartless
merciless
cold
harsh
abrasive
ruthless
brutal
vicious
mindless
inhuman
Groupings of good
angelic
vital
holy
benevolent
ephemeral
sacred
pure
sanctified
intelligent
shrewd
insightful
astute
perceptive
intuitive
clever
talented
delicious
delectable
succulent
delightful
enchanting
charming
captivating
exhilarating
honest
straightforward
loyal
sincere
trustworthy
honorable
noble
venerable
convivial
warm
beneficent
genial
generous
empathetic
charming
amiable
36
Part Eight: Bibliography
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6th ed. New York:
Modern Language Association, 2003.
Kachel, Debra E. and Candace Blessing. Ephrata Area School District Bibliographic
Style Manual. Ephrata: Ephrata High School, 2004.
Valenza, Joyce. “MLA Bibliographic Style.” Springfield Township High School Virtual
Library. 5 Sept. 2006. Springfield Township High School. 24 Sept. 2006.
<http://mciunix.mciu.k12.pa.us/~spyvweb/>.
37
38