Learning Objectives
Upon completion of CHAPTER 1, the student should be able to:
1.1 Define psychology. (p. 4)
1.2 What are psychology’s four main goals? (pp. 6-7)
1.3 Summarize psychology’s major career specialties. (pp. 7-9)
1.4 Contrast structuralism versus functionalism, and list the seven major perspectives that guide
modern psychology. (pp. 9-13)
1.5 Describe the biopsychosocial model. (pp. 14-15)
1.6 What is the difference between basic and applied research, and what are the six basic steps of
the scientific method? (pp. 16-18)
1.7 What are the key ethical issues in psychological research and therapy? (pp. 18-20)
1.8 Explain how experiments help researchers determine cause and effect. (pp. 21-22)
1.9 Compare and contrast experimental versus control groups and independent versus dependent
variables. (pp. 22-24)
1.10 How do researchers guard against experimenter bias and ethnocentrism? (pp. 22-25)
1.11 How do researchers safeguard against sample bias and participant bias? (pp. 25-26)
1.12 Why do we sometimes mislabel our emotions? (p. 27)
1.13 Explain descriptive research and its three key methods—naturalistic observation, surveys,
and case studies. (pp. 28-31)
1.14 Compare correlational research and correlation coefficients. (pp. 31-33)
1.15 Describe biological research and its major tools for discovery. (pp. 33-36)
1.16 Are there cultural universals? (pp. 38-39)
1.17 How can I use psychology to study and learn psychology? (pp. 39-47)