True/False Questions

Chapter 13 Application Architecture and Modeling

True/False Questions

1. Application architecture is a specification of the technologies to be used to implement information systems.

Answer: True Page: 476 LOD: Easy

2. The logical data flow diagrams specify the technologies to be used to implement information systems.

Answer: False Page: 476 LOD: Medium

Rationale: this is an application architecture

3. A physical data flow diagram can be used to communicate the technical implementation characteristics of an information system.


4. A physical process is either a processor, such as a computer or person, or the technical implementation of specific work to be performed, such as a computer program or manual process.

Answer: True Page: 477-478 LOD: Easy

5. A logical process is either a processor, such as a computer or person, or the technical implementation of specific work to be performed, such as a computer program or manual process.

Answer: False Page: 477-478 LOD: Easy

Rationale: This is a physical process, not logical process.

6. Each logical process must be implemented as one or more physical processes. Some logical processes must be split into multiple physical processes for a variety of reasons.


7. A reason that a logical process might be split into multiple physical processes is because part of the process is performed by people, and part is to be performed by the computer.


Whitten/Bentley, Systems Analysis & Design Methods, Seventh Edition 261


8. A reason that a logical process might be split into multiple physical processes is because of the use of multiple different technologies in the same information system.


9. A reason that a logical process might be split into multiple physical processes is to add processes that are necessary to handle exceptions or to implement security requirements and audit trails.


10. A reason that a physical process might be split into multiple logical processes is to add additional data requirements.


Rationale: Physical processes aren't split into logical processes; it's the other way around--logical split into physical processes.

11. A reason that a physical process might be split into multiple logical processes is to make the system more understandable to the system owners.


Rationale: Physical processes aren't split into logical processes; it's the other way around--logical split into physical processes.

12. The physical processes must meet all the logical process requirements.


13. A physical data flow represents any of the following: (1) the planned implementation of an input to or output from a physical process; (2) a database command or actions such as create, read, update, or delete; (3) the import of data from or the export of data to another information system across a network; or (4) the flow of data between two modules or subroutines within the same program.


262 Whitten/Bentley, Systems Analysis & Design Methods, Seventh Edition


14. A physical data store represents any of the following: (1) the planned implementation of an input to or output from a physical process; (2) a database command or actions such as create, read, update, or delete; (3) the import of data from or the export of data to another information system across a network; or (4) the flow of data between two modules or subroutines within the same program.


Rationale: This describes a physical data flow.

15. A physical data store represents the implementation of one of the following: (1) a database; (2) a table in a database; (3) a computer file; (4) a tape or media backup of anything important; (5) any temporary file or batch as needed by a program; or (6) any type of non-computerized file.


16. A distributed system is one in which the components of an information system are distributed across multiple locations and computer networks.


17. A centralized system is one in which the components of an information system are located on multiple locations and computer networks.

Answer: False Page: 484 LOD: Easy

Rationale: This describes a distributed system.

18. In distributed systems, a central multiuser computer hosts all components.


Rationale: This describes centralized systems.

19. Another name for Internet-based computing is network computing.

Answer: True Page: 491 LOD: Medium

20. There are five types of distributed systems architecture: file server computing; client/server computing; internet-based computing; mainframe computing; and legacy computing.


Rationale: There are only three: file server computing; client/server computing; and

Internet-based computing.



21. A local area network (LAN) is a set of client computers connected to one or more servers through either cable or wireless connections over a relatively short distance.


22. A wide area network (WAN) is a set of client computers connected to one or more servers through either cable or wireless connections over a relatively short distance.


Rationale: This describes a local area network (LAN).

23. A file server system is a LAN-based solution in which a server computer hosts only the data layer. All other layers of the information system applications are implemented on the client PC.

Answer: True Page: 485-486 LOD: Easy

24. File server architectures are practical for large database applications to be shared by a relatively large number of users.


Rationale: File server architectures are practical only for small database applications to be shared by relatively few users.

25. In file server architectures, if the application wants to examine only one record in the database, the entire file or table of records must be first downloaded to the client PC where the data manipulation logic will be executed to read the desired record.


26. Microsoft Access uses a file server architecture.


27. With file server architectures, the client PC must be fat.


28. A client/server system is a solution in which the presentation, presentation logic, application logic, data manipulation and data layers are distributed between client PCs and one or more servers.




29. A thin client is a personal computer that does not have to be very powerful (or expensive) in terms of processor speed and memory because it only presents the interface (screens) to the user.


30. A fat client is a personal computer, notebook computer or workstation that is typically more powerful (and expensive. in terms of processor speed, memory, and storage capacity.


31. Almost all PCs can act as fat clients.

Answer: True Page: 487s LOD: Medium

32. A file server hosts one or more shared databases (like a database server) but also executes all database commands and services from files for information servers

(unlike a database server).


Rationale: A database server hosts one or more shared databases (like a file server) but also executes all database commands and services for information systems (unlike a file server).

33. A server in the client/server model must be more powerful and capable than a server in the file server model.


34. A server in the file server model must be more powerful and capable than a server in the client/server model.


Rationale: A server in the client/server model must be more powerful and capable than a server in the file server model.

35. Most database servers host an SQL database engine such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL

Server, or IBM DB2 Universal Database.




36. A transaction server hosts services that ultimately ensure that all database updates for a single business transaction succeed or fail as a whole.


37. An application server hosts application logic and services for an information system. It must communicate on the front end with the clients (for presentation) and on the back end with database servers for data access and update.


38. A messaging server hosts services for e-mail, calendaring, and other work group functionality.


39. A web server hosts Internet or intranet web sites. It communicates with fat and thin clients by returning documents and data to them.


40. A web server hosts services for e-mail, calendaring, and other work group functionality.


Rationale: This is a messaging server.

41. A distributed presentation client/server system is a solution in which the application logic, data manipulation and data layers are shifted from the legacy system to reside on the client. The presentation and presentation logic layers remain on the server

(usually a mainframe.


Rationale: A distributed presentation client/server system is a solution in which the presentation and presentation logic layers are shifted from the server of a legacy system to reside on the client. The application logic, data manipulation and data layers remain on the server (usually a mainframe.

42. A distributed data client/server system is a solution in which the data and data manipulation layers are placed on the server(s), and the application logic, presentation logic, and presentation layers are placed on the clients.




43. It is important to understand the difference between file server systems and distributed data client/server systems. Both store their actual databases on a server. But only client/server systems execute all data manipulation commands to create, read, update and delete records on a server.


44. It is important to understand the difference between file server systems and distributed data client/server systems. Both store their actual databases on a server. But only file server systems execute all data manipulation commands to create, read, update and delete records on a server.


Rationale: It is important to understand the difference between file server systems and distributed data client/server systems. Both store their actual databases on a server.

But only client/server systems execute all data manipulation commands to create, read, update and delete records on a server.

45. A distributed data and application client/server system is a solution in which: (1) the data and data manipulation layers are placed on their own server(s); (2) the application logic is placed on its own server; and (3) only the presentation logic and presentation layers are placed on the clients.


46. The benefit of the distributed data and application client/server system is that by moving the application logic to its own server, that logic need only be maintained on the server instead of all of the clients.


47. A distributed data client/server system is also called two-tiered client/server computing.


48. In a two-tiered system, the clients execute a minimum of the overall system's components. Only the user interface and some relatively stable or personal application logic need to be executed on the clients.


Rationale: This describes a three-tiered system.



49. Partitioning is the act of determining how to best distribute or duplicate application components (data, processes, and interfaces) across the network.


50. Duplication is the act of determining how to best distribute or duplicate application components (data, processes, and interfaces) across the network.


Rationale: This describes partitioning.

51. A network computing system is a multi-tiered solution in which the presentation and presentation logic layers are implemented in the client side web browsers using content downloaded from a web server.


52. The same Internet technologies being used to build e-commerce solutions are being used to reshape the internal information systems of most businesses.


53. Network computing is a fundamental shift away from client/server computing.


54. An intranet uses Internet technology to integrate desktop, work group and enterprise computing.


55. In a distributed data client/server system everything runs in (or from) a web browser.


Rationale: In a network computing system everything runs in (or from) a web browser.

56. The programming language of choice for the application logic in network computing architectures is likely to be COBOL.


Rationale: The programming language of choice for the application logic in network computing architectures is likely to be Java.



57. A distributed relational database distributes or duplicates tables to multiple database servers located in geographically important locations.


58. A distributed relational database distributes or duplicates its database file servers across a number of transaction servers.


Rationale: A distributed relational database distributes or duplicates tables to multiple database servers located in geographically important locations.

59. Data partitioning distributes rows and columns to specific database servers with little or no duplication between servers.


60. When using replication technology the RDBMS must propagate updates from one database server to any other database server where the data is duplicated.


61. Horizontal partitioning is when different rows in a database are assigned to different database servers.


62. Vertical partitioning is when different columns in a database are assigned to different database servers.


63. Data replication duplicates some or all tables (rows and columns) on more than one database server.


64. Vertical replication is when different columns in a database are replicated to different database servers.


Rationale: Vertical partitioning is when different columns in a database are assigned to different database servers. There is no such thing as vertical replication.



65. In batch processing, transactions are accumulated into batches for periodic processing.

The batch inputs are processed to update databases and produce appropriate reports.


66. In online processing, a group of transactions are placed in a line for periodic updates to the database at a later point in time.

Answer: False Page: 496-497 LOD: Medium

Rationale: In batch processing, transactions are accumulated into batches for periodic processing. The batch inputs are processed to update databases and produce appropriate reports.

67. Batch input technologies are obsolete.


Rationale: Contrary to popular belief, batch input technologies are not quite obsolete.

68. Contrary to popular belief, batch input technologies are not quite obsolete.


69. The majority of systems have slowly evolved from on-line processing to batch processing.


Rationale: The majority of systems have slowly evolved from batch processing to online or real-time processing.

70. Typically, many businesses must commit to a data format to make EDI feasible.

Answer: True Page: 499 LOD: Hard

71. Electronic data interchange (EDI) is the standardized electronic flow of business transactions or data between businesses.




72. Electronic data interchange (EDI) is the latest technique for sharing data between businesses in a flexible, non-standard format to facilitate data sharing and transaction update in a natural language format.


Rationale: Electronic data interchange (EDI) is the standardized electronic flow of business transactions or data between businesses.

73. Image and document interchange is similar to EDI except that the actual images of forms and data are transmitted and received.


74. Image and document interchange is particularly useful in applications in which the form images or graphics are required.


75. Middleware products allow the programmers to ignore underlying communication protocols.


76. Presentation middleware allows a programmer to build user interface components that can talk to web browsers or desktop GUI.


77. Application middleware enables two programmer-written processes on different processors to communicate with one another in whatever way is best suited to the overall application. It is essential to multi-tier application development.


78. Database middleware allows a programmer to pass SQL commands to a database engine for processing though a standard application program interface (API).




79. Remote procedure calls (RPCs), message queues and object request brokers are examples of presentation middleware.


Rationale: Remote procedure calls (RPCs), message queues and object request brokers are examples of application middleware.

80. Object database connectivity (ODBC) automatically translates SQL commands for one database server for use on a different database server.


81. Application middleware allows a programmer to build user interface components that talk to web browsers or desktop GUI.


Rationale: Presentation middleware allows a programmer to build user interface components that talk to web browsers or desktop GUI.

82. Presentation middleware enables two programmer-written processes on different processors to communicate with one another.


Rationale: Presentation middleware allows a programmer to build user interface components that talk to web browsers. Application middleware enables two programmer-written processes on different processors to communicate with one another.

83. Database middleware allows a programmer to build user interface components that can talk to web browsers or to desktop GUI.


Rationale: Database middleware allows a programmer to pass SQL commands to a database engine for processing though a standard application program interface (API) while presentation middleware allows a programmer to build user interface components that can talk to web browsers or to desktop GUI.

84. A software development environment (SDE) is a language and tool kit for constructing information system applications.




85. Clean layering requires that the presentation, application, and data layers of an application be physically separated.


86. Clean layering requires that the presentation, application and data layers of an application are physically joined.


Rationale: Clean layering requires that the presentation, application, and data layers of an application be physically separated.

87. A design unit is a self-contained collection of processes, data stores and data flows that share similar design attributes. It serves as a subset of the total system whose inputs, outputs, files and databases, and programs can be designed, constructed, and unit tested as a single subsystem.


88. Process partitioning is a self-contained collection of processes, data stores and data flows that share similar design attributes.


Rationale: A design unit is a self-contained collection of processes, data stores and data flows that share similar design attributes. It serves as a subset of the total system whose inputs, outputs, files and databases, and programs can be designed, constructed, and unit tested as a single subsystem.

89. A network architecture DFD is a physical data flow diagram that allocates processors

(clients and servers) and devices (e.g. machines and robots) to a network, and establishes (1) the connectivity between the clients and servers; and (2) where users will interact with the processors (usually only the clients).


90. To identify the processors and their locations, the developer utilizes: (1) an enterprise information architecture if it exists; and (2) the advice of competent network managers and/or specialists should be solicited to determine what's in place, what's possible and what impact the system may have on the computer network.




91. A distributed data and application client/server system is called three-tiered or n-tiered computing.


Multiple Choice Questions

92. Which of the following is a reason to split a logical process into multiple physical processes?

A) to split the process into that portion to be performed by people and that portion to be performed by the computer.

B) to show multiple, but different implementations, of the same logical process (such as one process for paper orders and a different process for Internet orders).

C) to split the process into that portion that is to be implemented with one technology and that portion to be implemented with a different technology.

D) to add processes that are necessary to handle exceptions or to implement security requirements and audit trails.

E) all of these

Answer: E Page: 478-479 LOD: Medium

93. Which of the following is NOT an implementation method?

A) a purchased application software package

B) a system or utility program

C) an existing application program from a program library

D) a program to be written

E) all of these are implementation methods

Answer: E Page: 480 LOD: Easy

94. Which of the following best explains the trend toward distributed systems?

A) Modern business are already distributed, and thus distributed solutions are a natural implementation alternative.

B) Distributed computing consolidates the incredible power made possible by the proliferation of personal computers across an enterprise.

C) Distributed system solutions are more user-friendly because they utilize the PC as the user interface processor.

D) Personal computers and network servers are much cheaper than mainframes.

E) all of these




95. Which of the following is NOT one of the basic types of distributed systems architecture?

A) client/server architecture

B) file server architecture

C) wireless architecture

D) Internet-based architecture

E) all of these are basic types of distributed architecture

Answer: E Page: 484 LOD: Medium

96. A system in which the components of an information system are distributed to multiple locations in a computer network is known as:

A) a centralized system

B) an emulated system

C) a database system

D) a communications system

E) none of these


Rationale: This is known as a distributed system

97. A multi-user computer that hosts all the components of an information system is used in:

A) distributed systems

B) communication systems

C) enterprise resource systems

D) centralized systems

E) none of these

Answer: D Page: 484 LOD: Medium

98. An application system can be mapped into how many different layers?

A) two

B) three

C) four

D) five

E) none of these




99. The information system application layer that provides the actual user interface is known as:

A) the presentation layer

B) the presentation logic layer

C) the application logic layer

D) the data manipulation layer

E) the data layer

Answer: A Page: 484 LOD: Medium

100. The information system application layer that implements any processing that must be done to generate the user interface is known as:





E) the data layer

Answer: B Page: 484 LOD: Medium

101. The information system application layer that includes all the logic and processing required to support the actual business application and rules is known as:





E) the data layer

Answer: C Page: 484 LOD: Medium

102. The information system application layer that includes all the commands and logic required to store and retrieve data to and from the database is known as:





E) the data layer




103. The information system application layer that is the actual stored data in the database is known as:





E) the data layer


104. A set of computers connected over a relatively short distance to one or more servers is known as a(n):

A) LAN

B) WAN

C) MAN

D) CAN

E) backbone

Answer: A Page: 485 LOD: Easy

105. A server that hosts one or more shared databases and executes all database commands and services for information systems is known as a(n):

A) database server

B) transaction server

C) application server

D) messaging server

E) none of these


106. A server that hosts services that ultimately ensure that all database updates for a single business transaction succeed or fail as a whole is known as:

A) a database server

B) a transaction server

C) an application server

D) a messaging server

E) none of these




107. A server that hosts application logic and services for an information system, that must communicate on the front end with clients, and on the back end with database servers, is known as a(n):

A) database server



D) messaging server

E) none of these


108. A server that hosts services for e-mail, calendaring, and other work group functionality is known as a(n):

A) database server



D) messaging server

E) none of these


109. A solution in which the presentation and presentation logic layers are shifted from the server of a legacy system to reside in the client is known as:

A) distributed presentation client/server system

B) distributed data client server/system

C) distributed data client/server system OR two-tiered client/server computing

D) distributed presentation client/server system OR two-tiered client/server computing

E) none of these




110. A solution in which the data and data manipulation layers are placed on the server(s) and the application logic, presentation logic and presentation are placed on the clients is known as:

A) distributed data client/server system OR multi-tiered client/server computing

B) distributed presentation client/server system OR multi-tiered client/server computing

C) distributed data client/server system OR two-tiered client/server computing

D) distributed presentation client/server system OR two-tiered client/server computing

E) none of these


111. What technique duplicates some or all tables of a database on more than one database server?

A) data partitioning

B) horizontal partitioning

C) vertical partitioning

D) data replication

E) none of these


112. What technique truly distributes rows and columns of a relational database to specific database servers with little or no duplication between servers?

A) data replication

B) data partitioning

C) data encapsulation

D) data distribution

E) none of these


113. When data in a relational database is partitioned across specific database servers, how can it be partitioned?

A) vertically partitioned (only different columns can be assigned to different servers)

B) horizontally partitioned (only different rows can be assigned to different servers)

C) both vertically partitioned and horizontally partitioned

D) data from a database cannot be partitioned across different database servers

E) none of these




114. OCR is an example of what kind of data entry?

A) batch

B) remote batch

C) pen

D) keyless

E) EDI


115. Which of the following is represented in a physical data flow?

A) The planned implementation of an input to or output from a physical process.

B) A database command or actions such as create, read, update, or delete.

C) The import of data or the export of data to another information system across the network.

D) The flow of data between two modules of subroutines within the same program.

E) all of these


116. Which of the following is NOT represented in a physical data flow?

A) The planned implementation of an input to or output from a physical process.

B) A database command or actions such as create, read, update, or delete.

C) The import of data or the export of data to another information system across the network.

D) The flow of data between two modules of subroutines within the same program.

E) Data and data manipulation layers are placed on the server(s) and the application logic, presentation logic and presentation are placed on the clients.


117. Which of the following is represented as a physical data store?

A) a database

B) a table in a database

C) a computer file

D) a tape or media backup of anything important or temporary files

E) all of these




118. Which of the following is NOT represented as a physical data store?

A) a database

B) a table in a database

C) a computer file

D) a transport protocol

E) a tape or media backup of anything important or temporary files


119. Which of the following is a kind of middleware?

A) XML

B) ODBC

C) LAN

D) HTML

E) none of these


120. Which of the following is an emerging technology that the author's of your textbook recommend as part of your curriculum plan of study?

A) the Java programming language

B) HTML, hypertext markup language

C) SQL

D) web browsers

E) all of these


121. What is defined by the IT architecture?

A) Approved network, data, interface and processing technologies.

B) Ongoing process for researching emerging technologies.

C) Strategy for integrating legacy systems and technologies into the application architecture.

D) Ongoing process for reviewing the application architecture for currency and appropriateness.

E) all of these




122. Which of the following describes a rule of correctness for drawing a physical data flow diagram?

A) a system that works

B) a system that fulfills user requirements

C) a system that provides adequate performance (throughput and response timE.

D) a system that is adaptable to changing requirements and enhancements

E) all of these


123. The application architectural blueprint communicates which of the following design decisions?

A) The distribution of stored data across a network

B) The technology to be used to interface with other systems

C) The technology to be used to implement the user interface

D) The integration of any commercial off-the-shelf software

E) all of these


124. In which application architecture do you NOT need to worry about developing for different computer architectures?

A) file server

B) distributed data client/server

C) network computing

D) distributed presentation client/server

E) distributed data and application client/server


125. In which application architecture does the client PC do virtually all the actual work?

A) file server

B) distributed data client/server

C) network computing

D) distributed presentation client/server

E) distributed data and application client/server




Fill in the Blank Questions

126. A reason that a logical process might be split into multiple physical processes is because part of the process is performed by _______________________, and part is to be performed by the ________________________________.

Answer: people, computer OR computer, people Page: 478 LOD: Hard

127. A physical data flow represents any of the following (name two)

____________________.

Answer: the planned implementation of an input to or output from a physical process; a database command or actions such as create, read, update, or delete; the import of data from or the export of data to another information system across a network; the flow of data between two modules or subroutines within the same program

Page: 481 LOD: Hard

128. A physical data store represents the implementation of one of the following (name three) __________________.

Answer: a database; a table in a database; a computer file; a tape or media backup of anything important; any temporary file or batch as needed by a program; any type of non-computerized file Page: 481 LOD: Hard

129. The _________________________________ layer is where any processing is done to generate the presentation layer.

Answer: presentation logic Page: 484 LOD: Medium

130. A(n) ____________________________ is one in which the data, process, and interface components of an information system are distributed to multiple locations in a computer network. Accordingly, the processing workload required to support these components is also distributed across multiple computers on the network.

Answer: distributed system Page: 484 LOD: Hard

131. In _______________________________, a central, multi-user computer hosts all the data, process and interface components of an information system. The users interact with this host computer via terminals (or PCs emulating terminals), but virtually all of the actual processing and work is done on the host computer.

Answer: centralized systems Page: 484 LOD: Hard



132. A(n) _____________________________ system is a LAN-based solution in which a server computer hosts only the data layer. All other layers of the information system applications are implemented on the client PC.

Answer: file server Page: 485 LOD: Hard

133. In _________________________________ architectures, if the application wants to examine only one record in the database, the entire file or table of records must be first downloaded to the client PC where the data manipulation logic will be executed to read the desired record.

Answer: file server Page: 486 LOD: Hard

134. A(n) _________________________ system is a solution in which the presentation, presentation logic, application logic, data manipulation and data layers are distributed between client PCs and one or more servers.

Answer: client/server Page: 487 LOD: Hard

135. A(n) _____________________ client is a personal computer that does not have to be very powerful (or expensive. in terms of processor speed and memory because it only presents the interface (screens) to the user. In other words, it acts only as a terminal.

Answer: thin Page: 487 LOD: Hard

136. A(n) _________________________ client is a personal computer, notebook computer or workstation that is typically more powerful (and expensive in terms of processor speed, memory, and storage capacity. Almost all PCs are considered this type of clients.

Answer: fat Page: 487 LOD: Hard

137. A(n) _________________________ server hosts one or more shared databases (like a file server) but also executes all database commands and services for information systems (unlike a file server).

Answer: database Page: 487 LOD: Hard

138. A server in the _______________ model must be more powerful and capable than a server in the file server model.

Answer: client/server Page: 487 LOD: Hard



139. A(n) __________________________ server hosts services that ultimately ensure that all database updates for a single business transaction succeed or fail as a whole.

Answer: transaction Page: 487 LOD: Hard

140. A(n) _______________________ server hosts application logic and services for an information system. It must communicate on the front end with the clients (for presentation) and on the back end with database servers for data access and update.

Answer: application Page: 487 LOD: Hard

141. A(n) ___________________________ server hosts services for e-mail, calendaring, and other work group functionality. This type of functionality can actually be integrated into information systems applications.

Answer: messaging Page: 487 LOD: Hard

142. A(n) ______________________ server hosts Internet or intranet web sites. It communicates with fat and thin clients by returning documents and data to them.

Answer: web Page: 487 LOD: Hard

143. A(n) ___________________________ system is a solution in which the presentation and presentation logic layers are shifted from the server of a legacy system to reside on the client. The application logic, data manipulation and data layers remain on the server (usually a mainframe.

Answer: distributed presentation client/server Page: 487-488 LOD: Hard

144. A(n) _______________________________________________ system is a solution in which the data and data manipulation layers are placed on the server(s), and the application logic, presentation logic, and presentation layers are placed on the clients.

This is also called two-tiered client/server computing.

Answer: distributed data client/server Page: 489 LOD: Hard

145. A(n) ______________________________ system is a solution in which: (1) the data and data manipulation layers are place on their own server(s); (2) the application logic is placed on its own server; and (3) only the presentation logic and presentation layers are placed on the clients. This is called three-tiered or n-tiered computing.

Answer: distributed data and application client/server Page: 490 LOD: Hard



146. A(n) _______________________________________________ system is a solution in which the presentation and presentation logic layers are implemented in web browsers using content downloaded from a web server.

Answer: network computing Page: 491 LOD: Hard

147. A(n) __________ uses Internet technology to integrate desktop, work group, and enterprise computing.

Answer: intranet Page: 492 LOD: Medium

148. A class of CASE tools, sometimes called ___________________, automatically read a character user interface (CUI) and generate a first-cut graphical user interface (GUI).

Answer: screen scrapers Page: 488 LOD: Medium

149. With the development of an intranet and corporate applications in the intranet environment, multiple different computer architectures are no longer an issue because everything runs in a(n) _________________________________.

Answer: web browser Page: 492 LOD: Medium

150. The ___________ / ______________ boundary distinguishes manual from computerized processes.

Answer: person, machine Page: 510 LOD: Hard

151. A(n) ______________________ distributes or duplicates tables to multiple database servers located in geographically important locations.

Answer: distributed relational database Page: 494 LOD: Hard

152. A(n) _______________________________is a software program that controls access to and maintenance of the stored data in the relational format. It also provides for backup, recovery and security. It is sometimes called a client/server database management system.

Answer: distributed relational database management system (or distributed RDBMS)

Page: 494 LOD: Hard



153. __________________________________ truly distributes rows and columns to specific database servers with little or no duplication between servers. Different columns can be assigned to different database servers or different rows in a table can be allocated to different database servers.

Answer: Data partitioning Page: 495 LOD: Hard

154. ___________________________________ partitioning is when different rows in a database are assigned to different database servers.

Answer: Horizontal Page: 495 LOD: Hard

155. __________________________________ partitioning is when different columns in a database are assigned to different database servers.

Answer: Vertical Page: 495 LOD: Hard

156. _____________________________________ duplicates some or all tables (rows and columns) on more than one database server.

Answer: Data replication Page: 495 LOD: Hard

157. In _______________________________, transactions are accumulated into batches for periodic processing. The batch inputs are processed to update databases and produce appropriate reports.

Answer: batch processing Page: 496 LOD: Hard

158. _____________________________ is the standardized electronic flow of business transactions or data between businesses. Typically, many businesses must commit to a data format to make it feasible.

Answer: Electronic data interchange (EDI) Page: 499 LOD: Hard

159. ______________________________________ is similar to EDI except that the actual images of forms and data are transmitted and received.

Answer: Image and document interchange Page: 499 LOD: Hard



160. _________________________________ is utility software that enables communication between different processors in a system. It may be built into the respective operating systems or added through purchased products that allow the programmers to ignore underlying communication protocols.

Answer: Middleware Page: 500 LOD: Hard

161. ________________________________ middleware allows a programmer to build user interface components that can talk to web browsers or desktop GUI.

Answer: Presentation Page: 500 LOD: Hard

162. _________________________________ middleware enables two programmerwritten processes on different processors to communicate with one another in whatever way is best suited to the overall application. It is essential to multi-tier application development.

Answer: Application Page: 500 LOD: Hard

163. __________________________ middleware allows a programmer to pass SQL commands to a database engine for processing though a standard application program interface (API).

Answer: Database Page: 500 LOD: Hard

164. A(n) ____________________ is a language and tool kit for constructing information system applications.

Answer: software development environment (SDE). Page: 500 LOD: Hard

165. ___________________________________ requires that the presentation, application, and data layers of an application be physically separated.

Answer: Clean layering Page: 501 LOD: Hard

166. A(n) ________________________________ is a self-contained collection of processes, data stores and data flows that share similar design attributes. It serves as a subset of the total system whose inputs, outputs, files and databases, and programs can be designed, constructed, and unit tested as a single subsystem.

Answer: design unit Page: 504 LOD: Hard



167. A(n) ________________________________________ is a physical data flow diagram that allocates processors (clients and servers) and devices (e.g. machines and robots) to a network, and establishes (1) the connectivity between the clients and servers; and (2) where users will interact with the processors (usually only the clients).

Answer: network architecture DFD Page: 505-506 LOD: Hard

168. A(n) __________________________ specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more (possibly all) information systems in terms of data, process, interface, and how these components interact and communicate across a network.

Answer: application architecture Page: 476 LOD: Hard

169. The __________________________________ model the technical and human design decisions to be implemented as part of an information system. They communicate technical choices and other design decisions to those who will actually construct and implement the system.

Answer: physical data flow diagrams (PDFD). Page: 477 LOD: Hard

170. A(n) ______________________________ is either a processor, such as a computer or person, or the technical implementation of specific work to be performed, such as a computer program or manual process.

Answer: physical process Page: 477-478 LOD: Hard


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