Chapter 1
BIOLOGY
BIOSPHERE
CELL
COMMUNITY
CONSUMER (HETEROTROPH)
CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
DATA
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
DOMAIN ARCHAEA
DOMAIN BACTERIA
DOMAIN EUKARYA
ECOSYSTEM
EMERGENT PROPERTIES
VOCAB FOR UNIT 1
EUKAROTIC CELL
GENE
GENOME
HYPOTHESIS
INDUCTIVE REASONING
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
KINGDOM PLANTAE
KINGDOM FUNGI
MODEL
MOLECULE
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
ORGAN
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANELLE
ORGANISM
POPULATION
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
PRODUCER (AUTOTROPH)
PROKARYOTIC CELL
REDUCTIONISM
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
THEORY
TISSUE
bio= life (biology: scientific study of life; biosphere: all the environments on Earth inhabited by life)
eu= true (eukaryotic cell has a true nucleus
ell= small (organelle: small, formed body with a specialized function found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells)
pro = before; karyo= nucleus (prokaryotic cell a cell that has no nucleus)
Chapter 2
ANION
ATOM
ATOMIC MASS
ATOMIC NUCLEUS
ATOMIC NUMBER
CATION
CHEMICAL BOND
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
CHEMICAL REACTION
COMPOUND
COVALENT BOND
CHEMICAL BOND
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
CHEMICAL REACTION
COMPOUND
COVALENT BOND
DALTON
DOUBLE BOND
ELECTRON
ELECTRON SHELL
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
ELEMENT
ENERGY
ENERGY LEVEL
HYDROGEN BOND
ION
IONIC BOND
IONIC COMPOUND
ISOTOPE
MASS NUMBER
MATTER
MOLECULAR FORMULA
MOLECULE
NEUTRON
NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND
ORBITAL
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE
ELEMENTS
POLAR COVALENT BOND
POTENTIAL ENERGY
PRODUCT
PROTON
RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE
REACTANT
SALT
SINGLE BOND
STRUCTURAL FORMULA
TRACE ELEMENT
VALENCE
VALENCE ELECTRON
VALENCE SHELL
Van der Waals INTERACTIONS
co- = together; -valent = strength (covalent bond: an attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of
outer-shell electrons
electro- = electricity (electronegativity: the tendency for an atom to pull electrons toward itself
iso- = equal (isotope: an element having the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of
neutrons)
neutr- = neither (neutron: a subatomic particle with a neutral electric charge
Chapter 3
ACID
ADHESION
AQUEOUS SOLUTION
BASE
BUFFER
Calorie (cal)
Calorie (kcal)
CELSIUS SCALE
COHESION
COLLOID
EVAPORATIVE COOLING
HEAT
HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
HYDRATION SHELL
HYDROGEN ION
HYDROPHILIC
HYDROPHOBIC
HYDROXIDE ION
JOULE
KILOCALORIE (kcal)
KINETIC ENERGY
MOLARITY
MOLE (mol)
MOLECULAR MASS
pH
POLAR MOLECULE
SOLUTE
SOLUTION
SOLVENT
SPECIFIC HEAT
SURFACE TENSION
TEMPERATURE
hydro- = water; -philos = loving; -phobos = fearing
(hydrophilic: having an affinity for water: hydrophobic: having an aversion to water)
-kilo = a thousand (kilocalorie: a thousand calories)
Chapter 4
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
(ATP)
AMINO GROUP
CARBONYL GROUP
CARBOXYL GROUP
ENANTIOMER
FUNCTION GROUP
GEOMETRIC ISOMER
HYDROCARBON
HYDROXYL GROUP
ISOMER
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
PHOSPHATE GROUP
STRUCTURAL ISOMER
SULFHYDRYL GROUP
carb- = coal; (carboxyl group: a functional group present in organic acids, consisting of a carbon atom
bonded to an oxygen atom and a hydroxyl group
double-
enanti- = opposite (enantiomer: molecules that are mirror images of each other)
iso- = equal (isomer: one of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structures and,
therefore, different properties)
sulf- = sulfur (sulfhydryl group: a functional group that consists of a sulfur bonded to an atom of hydrogen
thio- = sulfur (thiol: organic compounds containing sulfhydryl groups)
Chapter 5
ALPHA (α) HELIX
AMINO ACID
ANTIPARALLEL
BETA (ß) PLEATED SHEET
CARBOHYDRATE
CATALYST
CELLULOSE
CHAPERONIN
CHITIN
CHOLESTEROL
CONDENSATION REACTION
DEHYDRATION REACTION
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID(DNA)
DEOXYRIBOSE
DISACCHARIDE
DISULFIDE BRIDGE
DOUBLE HELIX
ENZYME
FAT
FATTY ACID
GENE
GLYCOGEN
GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGE
HYDROLYSIS
HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTION
LIPID
MACROMOLECULE
MONOMER
MONOSACCHARIDE
NUCLEIC ACID
NUCLEOTIDE
PEPTIDE BOND
PHOSPHOLIPID
POLYMER
POLYNUCLEOTIDE
POLYPEPTICE
POLYSACCHARIDE
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
PROTEIN
PURINE
PYRIMIDINE
QUATERNARY STRUCTURE
RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)
RIBOSE
SATURATED FATTY ACID
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
STARCH
STEROID
TERTIARY STRUCTURE
TRIACYLGLYCEROL
UNSATURATED FATTY ACID
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
di- = two (disaccharide: two monosaccharides joined together
glycol- = sweet (glycogen: a polysaccharide sugar used to store energy in animals
hydro- = water; lyse- = break (hydrolysis: breaking chemical bonds by adding water)
macro- = large (macromolecule: a large molecule)
meros- = part (polymer: chain made from smaller organic molecules)
mono- = single; sacchar = sugar (monosaccharide: simplest type of sugar)
poly- = many (polysaccharide: many monosaccharides joined together)
tri- = three (triacylglycerol: three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule)