地球生命環境進化史
小宮
剛（Tsuyoshi Komiya）
大学院総合文化研究科
広域科学専攻
広域システム科学系
准教授
駒場キャンパス16号館826B室
e-mail: komiya@ea.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp
専門分野：地球生命環境進化史、地球物質循環、化学古生物学、汎地球型惑星
進化モデル
現在の主要研究テーマ：
（１）地球生命環境進化史
地球の進化を固体地球、大気・海洋、生命進化の面から総合的に解読し、それ
ぞれの相互作用を読み解く。
キーワード
最古プレートテクトニクス、冥王代地殻、全球凍結、生命進化、最古多細胞動
物出現の原因、カンブリア大爆発の原因、24億年前の表層酸化イベント
（２）地球物質大循環。
特に酸化還元（Fe, C, Sの挙動）と水や親水元素について
（３）化学古生物学の創設
化学組成や同位体組成に基づき、化石を解析。
形態による分類ではなく、生体機構に基づく化石の解析と古生物学。
（４）将来的には、地球の生命進化解読で得られた結果を、系外惑星に応用し、
「汎地球型惑星の進化モデル」を構築。
小宮グループ調査地域
（１a）固体地球進化
①プレートテクトニクスの開始とその進化。
②マントルの組成や温度進化の解読。
③大陸成長推定。
④最古地殻の地質（カナダアカスタ片麻岩(41億年前)やカナダナイン複合岩体
(39億年前)）。
⑤最古の冥王代砕屑性ジルコンの地球化学と包有物の分析(西オーストラリア
ナリア岩体、カナダアカスタ片麻岩体、カナダナイン複合岩体、西グリーンラ
ンドイスア地域の砕屑性ジルコンの分析)。
⑥太古代の沈み込み帯変成岩中のジルコンの年代と包有物の解析。
（1b）大気・海洋進化
①35億年前から現在までの炭酸塩鉱物中の化学組成分析に基づく、海水組成の
経年変化の推定(分析元素、Ni, P, Fe, Mn, Ba, REE, Cu, Naなど)
②石英や炭酸塩鉱物中の流体包有物の化学分析に基づく
③海洋大循環の開始時期の特定。浅海と深海由来の堆積物／鉱物のSr同位体分
析。
（1c）原生代末の全球凍結からカンブリア大爆発
①全球凍結直前の炭酸塩堆積岩（ノルウェー、スバールバル諸島）のC,O,Sr同
位体分析---全球凍結の原因の解明
②全球凍結中の炭酸塩岩の（ノルウェー、スバールバル諸島）のC,O,Sr,Fe同位
体分析---全球凍結中の生物活動や海水温の推定
③全球凍結堆積物中の硫化物のFe同位体分析---全球凍結中の海水温の推定
④全球凍結中の炭酸塩岩中の流体包有物の分析---全球凍結中の海水組成の定
量
④全球凍結後の海洋組成（特に生命必須元素、Ca,P,N,Feなど）の変動と多細胞
動物出現について。
「従来の酸素が増えたからではなく、海洋中の生命必須元素
濃度が増加したから動物が出現したことを、化学的証拠をもって実証する」
（1d）化学古生物学の創設.
化石を形態でなく化学組成で分類する。最終的目標は、最古のDNAを探す。
（1e）原生代中期から原生代末の環境変動と多細胞動物出現の痕跡を探る.
（2）地球物質大循環
①現在のマントルの酸化還元状態や化学組成の不均質分布を調べ、マントル大
循環を解明する
②過去や現在の超深部由来のマグマ(顕生代や太古代のコマチアイトやキンバ
ーライト)の包有物の微小化学分析。地球深部の滞水帯の検出と滞水帯中の親水
元素(C, Cl, Sなど)濃度の定量.マントル中の水や親水元素リザーバーの発見
研究業績（査読あり国際誌と書籍(共著)）
2010年
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Sawaki, Y., Kawai, T., Shibuya, T., Tahata, M., Omori, S., Komiya, T., Yoshida,
N., Hirata, T., Ohno, T., Windley, B.F. Maruyama, S., 2010. 87Sr/86Sr
chemostratigraphy of Neoproterozoic Dalradian carbonates below the Port
Askaig Glaciogenic Formation, Scotland. Precambrian Research, 170, 150-164.
Iizuka, T., McCulloch, M.T., Komiya, T., Shibuya, T., Ohta, K., Ozawa, H.,
Sugimura, E. Collerson, K.D., 2010. Monazite geochronology and geochemistry
of meta-sediments in the Narryer Gneiss Complex, Western Australia:
Constraints on the tectonothermal history and provenance. Contributions to
Mineralogy and Petrology, in press.
Shibuya, T., Aoki, K., Komiya, T., Maruyama, S., 2010. Stratigraphy-related,
low-pressure metamorphism in the Hardey Syncline, Hamersley Province,
Western Australia. Gondwana Research, in press.
Katayama, I., Michibayashi, K., Terao, R., Ando, J.-i., Hidaka, H. Komiya, T.,
2010. Water content in the mantle xenoliths from Kimberley and implication for
textural variation in the cratonic roots. Geological Journal, in press.
Iizuka, T., Komiya, T., Rino, S., Maruyama, S. Hirata, T., 2010, Detrital zircon
evidence for Hf isotopic evolution of granitoid crust and continental growth.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74, 2450-2472.
Nishizawa, M., Yamamoto, H., Ueno, Y., Tsuruoka, S., Shibuya, T., Sawaki, Y.,
Yamamoto, S., Kon, Y., Kitajima, K., Komiya, T., Maruyama, S. Hirata, T.,
2010. Grain-scale iron isotopic distribution of pyrite from Precambrian shallow
marine carbonate revealed by a femtosecond laser ablation multicollector
ICP-MS technique: Possible proxy for the redox state of ancient seawater.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74, 2760-2778.
Sawaki, Y., Shibuya, T., Kawai, T., Komiya, T., Omori, S., Iizuka, T., Hirata, T.,
Windley, B.F. Maruyama, S., 2010. Imbricated ocean-plate stratigraphy and
U-Pb zircon ages from tuff beds in cherts in the Ballantrae complex, SW
Scotland. Geological Society of America Bulletin 122, 454-464.
Sawaki, Y., Ohno, T., Tahata, M., Komiya, T., Hirata, T., Maruyama, S.,
Windley, B.F., Han, J., Shu, D. Li, Y., 2010. The Ediacaran radiogenic Sr
isotope excursion in the Doushantuo Fm in the Three Gorges area, South China.
Precambrian Research, 176, 46-64.
Sajeev K., Jeong J., Kwon S., Weon-Seo Kee W.-S., Kim S.W., Komiya T.,
Itaya T., Jung H.-S., Park Y., 2010. High-pressure granulite relicts from the
Imjingang belt, South Korea and its tectonic significance: Evolution of high P-T
granulites from Imjingang belt, Korea: tectonic significance. Gondwana
Research, 17, 75-86.
2009年
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Shimizu K., Shimizu N., Komiya T., Suzuki K., Maruyama S., Tatsumi Y.,
2009. CO2-rich komatiitic melt inclusions in Cr-spinels within beach sand from
Gorgona Island, Colombia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 288, 33-43.
Schulte R.F., Schilling M., Horan M.F., Anma R., Komiya T., Farquhar J.,
Piccoli P.M., Pitcher L., Walker R.J., 2009. Chemical and chronologic
complexity in the convecting upper mantle: Evidence from the Taitao Ophiolite,
southern Chile. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73, 5793-5819.
Anma, R., Armstrong, R., Orihashi, Y., Ike, S.-i., Shin, K.-C., Kon, Y., Komiya,
T., Ota, T., Kagashima, S.-i., Shibuya, T., Yamamoto, S., Veloso, E.E., Funning,
M. Herve, F., 2009. Are the Taitao granites formed due to subduction of the
Chile ridge? Lithos, 119, 246-258.
Yamamoto, S., Komiya, T., Hirose, K. Maruyama, S., 2009. Coesite and
clinopyroxene exsolution lamellae in chromites: In-situ ultrahigh-pressure
evidence from podiform chromitites in the Luobusa ophiolite, southern Tibet.
Lithos 109, 314-322.
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Katayama, I., Suyama, Y., Ando, J.-i. Komiya, T., 2009. Mineral chemistry and
P-T condition of granular and sheared peridotite xenoliths from Kimberley,
South Africa: Origin of the textural variation in the cratonic mantle. Lithos 109,
333-340.
Iizuka, T., Komiya, T., Johnson, S.P., Kon, Y., Maruyama, S. Hirata, T., 2009.
Reworking of Hadean crust in the Acasta gneisses, northwestern Canada:
Evidence from in-situ Lu-Hf isotope analysis of zircon. Chemical Geology 259,
230-239.
2008年
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Guo, J.F., Li, Y., Han, J., Zhang, X.L., Zhang, Z.F., Ou, Q., Liu, J.N., Shu, D.G.,
Maruyama, S. Komiya, T., 2008. Fossil Association from the Lower Cambrian
Yanjiahe Formation in the Yangtze Gorges Area, Hubei, South China. Acta
Geologica Sinica-English Edition 82, 1124-1132.
Sawaki, Y., Nishizawa, M., Suo, T., Komiya, T., Hirata, T., Takahata, N., Sano,
Y., Han, J., Kon, Y., Maruyama, S., 2008. Internal structures and U–Pb ages of
zircons from a tuff layer in the Meishucunian formation, Yunnan Province,
South China. Gondwana Research, 14, 148-158.
Sawaki, Y., Fukushi, Y., Ohno, T., Komiya, T., Ishikawa, T., Hirata, T.,
Maruyama, S., 2008. Sr isotope excursion around Precambrian-Cambrian
boundary, in Three Gorge area, South China. Gondwana Research, 14, 134-147.
Ohno, T., Komiya, T., Ueno, Y., Hirata, T., Maruyama, S., 2008. Determination
of 88Sr/86Sr mass-dependent isotopic fractionation and radiogenic isotope
variation of 87Sr/86Sr in the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation. Gondwana
Research, 14, 126-133.
Komiya, T., Suga, A., Ohno, T., Han, J., Guo, J., Yamamoto, S., Hirata, T., Li,
Y., 2008. Ca isotopic compositions of dolomite, phosphorite and the oldest
animal embryo fossils from the Neoproterozoic in Weng’an, South China.
Gondwana Research, 14, 209-218.
Komiya, T., Hirata, T., Kitajima, K., Yamamoto, S., Shibuya, T., Sawaki, Y.,
Ishikawa, T., Shu, D., Li, Y., Han, J., 2008. Evolution of the composition of
seawater through geologic time, and its influence on the evolution of life
Gondwana Research, 14, 159-174.
Ishikawa, T., Ueno, Y., Komiya, T., Sawaki, Y., Han, J., Shu, D., Li, Y.,
Maruyama, S., Yoshida, N., 2008. Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy of a
Precambrian/Cambrian boundary section in the Three Gorge area, South China:
prominent global-scale isotope excursions just before the Cambrian Explosion.
Gondwana Research, 14, 193-208.
Katayama, I., Komiya, T., Toriumi, M., 2008. Annealing time-scale of the
cratonic lithosphere of southern Africa inferred from the shape of inclusion
minerals. International Geology Review, 50, 84-88.
2007年
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Iizuka, T., Komiya, T., Maruyama, S.,2007. The early Archean Acasta Gneiss
Complex: Geological, geochronological and isotopic studies and implications
for early crustal evolution, In: Van Kranendonk, M.J., Smithies, H.M., Bennett,
V., (Eds.), Earth’s Oldest Rocks. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2007, pp. 127-147.
Komiya, T., 2007, Material circulation through a time –Chemical differentiation
within the mantle and secular variation of temperature and composition of the
mantle-, in Yuen, D. A., S. Maruyama, S. Karato, and B. F. Windley, eds.,
Superplumes: Beyond Plate Tectonics, New York, Springer, p. 187-234.
Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, S., Kaneko, Y., Terabayashi, M., Komiya, T.,
Katayama, I., Iizuka, T., 2007. Imbricate structure of the Luobusa Ophiolite and
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surrounding rock units, southern Tibet. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 29,
296-304.
Veloso, E. E., Anma, R., Ota, T., Komiya, T., Kagashima, S.-i., Yamazaki, T.,
2007. Paleocurrent patterns of the sedimentary sequence of the Taitao ophiolite
constrained by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and paleomagnetic
analyses. Sedimentary Geology, 201, 446-460.
Shibuya, T., Komiya, T., Anma, R., Ota, T., Omori, S., Kon, Y., Yamamoto, S.,
Maruyama, S., 2007. Progressive metamorphism of the Taitao ophiolite;
evidence for axial and off-axis hydrothermal alterations. Lithos, 98, 233-260.
Shibuya, T., Kitajima, K., Komiya, T., Terabayashi, M., Maruyama, S., 2007.
Middle Archean ocean ridge hydrothermal metamorphism and alteration
recorded in the Cleaverville area, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. Journal of
Metamorphic Geology, 25, 751-767.
Komiya, T., Maruyama, S., 2007. A very hydrous mantle under the western
Pacific region: implications for formation of marginal basins and style of
Archean plate tectonics. Gondwana Research, 11, 132-147.
Iizuka, T., Komiya, T., Ueno, Y., Katayama, I., Uehara, Y., Maruyama, S.,
Hirata, T., Johnson, S. P., Dunkley, D., 2007. Geology and zircon
geochronology of the Acasta Gneiss Complex, northwestern Canada: new
constraints on its tectonothermal history. Precambrian Research, 153, 179-208.
2006年以前
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Iizuka, T., Horie, K., Komiya, T., Maruyama, S., Hirata, T., Hidaka, H.,
Windley, B. F., 2006. Occurrence of a 4.2 Gyr old zircon in the Acasta Gneiss
Complex of northwestern Canada. Geology, 34, 245-248.
Terabayashi, M., Okamoto, K., Yamamoto, H., Kaneko, Y., Maruyama, S.,
Katayama, I., Komiya, T., Ota, T., Ozawa, H., Anma, R., Windley, B., Liou, J.
G., 2005. Accretionary complex origin of the mafic-ultramafic bodies of the
Sanbagawa belt, central Shikoku, Japan. International Geology Review, 47,
1058-1073.
Nishizawa, M., Takahata, N., Terada, K., Komiya, T., Ueno, Y., Sano, Y., 2005.
Rare earth element, lead, carbon and nitrogen geochemistry of apatite-bearing
metasediments from ~3.8 Ga Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland.
International Geology Review, 47, 952-970.
Iizuka, T., Hirata, T., Komiya, T., Rino, S., Katayama, I., Motoki, A.,
Maruyama, S., 2005. U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope systematics of zircons from the
Mississippi River sand: Implications for reworking and growth of continental
crust. Geology, 33, 485-488.
Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, S., Kaneko, Y., Terabayashi, M., Komiya, T.,
Katayama, I., Iizuka, T., 2004. Imbricate structure of Luobusa ophiolite,
southern Tibet (Extended abstracts). Himalayan Journal of Sciences, 2, 280.
Rino, S., Komiya, T., Windley, B. F., Katayama, I., Motoki, A., Hirata, T., 2004.
Major episodic increases of continental crustal growth determined from zircon
ages of river sands; implications for mantle overturns in the Early Precambrian.
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 146, 369-394.
Komiya, T., Maruyama, S., Hirata, T., Yurimoto, H., Nohda, S., 2004.
Geochemistry of the oldest MORB and OIB in the Isua supracrustal belt (3.8
Ga), southern West Greenland: implications for the composition and
temperature of early Archean upper mantle. The Island Arc, 13, 47-72.
Komiya, T., 2004. Material circulation model including chemical
differentiation within the mantle and secular variation of temperature and
composition of the mantle. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 146,
333-367.
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Ishikawa, A., Maruyama, S., Komiya, T., 2004. Layered lithospheric mantle
beneath the Ontong Java Plateau: implications from xenoliths in Alnöite,
Malaita, Solomon Islands. Jour. Petrol., 45, 2011-2044.
Ueno, Y., Yurimoto, H., Yoshioka, H., Komiya, T., Maruyama, S., 2002. Ion
microprobe analysis of graphite from ca. 3.8 Ga metamorphosed sediments,
Isua Supracrustal Belt, West Greenland: Relationship between metamorphism
and carbon isotopic composition. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66,
1257-1268.
Komiya, T., Maruyama, S., Hirata, T., Yurimoto, H., 2002. Petrology and
geochemistry of MORB and OIB in the mid-Archean North Pole region, Pilbara
craton, Western Australia: implications for the composition and temperature of
the upper mantle at 3.5 Ga. International Geology Review, 44, 988-1016.
Komiya, T., Hayashi, M., Maruyama, S., Yurimoto, H., 2002. Intermediate-P/T
type Archean metamorphism of the Isua supracrustal belt: implications for
secular change of geothermal gradients at subduction zones and for Archean
plate tectonics. American Journal of Science, 302, 804-826.
Shimizu, K., Komiya, T., Hirose, K., Shimizu, N., Maruyama, S., 2001.
Cr-spinel, an excellent micro-container for retaining primitive
melts-implications for a hydrous plume origin for komatiites. Earth and
Planetary Science Letters, 189, 177-188.
Hayashi, M., Komiya, T., Nakamura, Y., Maruyama, S., 2000. Archean regional
metamorphism of the Isua supracrustal belt, southern West Greenland:
implications for a driving force of Archean plate tectonics. International
Geology Review, 42, 1055-1115.
Komiya, T., Maruyama, S., Nohda, S., Masuda, T., Hayashi, M., Okamoto, S.,
1999. Plate tectonics at 3.8 – 3.7 Ga; Field evidence from the Isua accretionary
complex, southern West Greenland. Jour. Geol., 107, 515-554.