SOLUTION
Read through all of the questions for each day prior to answering them
Many questions will be answered throughout the video.
1. How many people were killed in the Tsunami of 2004, and what was the cause? ________________________________
250,000 people killed by tsunami
2. What are some of the statistics of the Krakatoa eruption? Death toll: 36,000
Tsunami size: over 100 meters tall
Sound and shock wave: It reverberated around the planet 12 times. Loudest sound in recorded history.
3. Why is this eruption so important to scientists? ___________________________________________________________
One of the first eruption that scientists were able to measure and document well___________________________________
Technology of the day enabled scientists to gather data more effectively_________________________________________
4. What was the major cause of death from the Krakatoa eruption? tsunami
5. What is the geological history of the island of Krakatoa? It has been volcanically active for thousands of years
There have been multiple islands that grew and violently exploded on this site.____________________________________
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6. What was the major factor that turned Krakatoa into a “time bomb” by the end of the 1800s? ______________________
Magma got lodged in the throat of the volcano and mixed with thick and thin magma, creating an explosive combination.
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7. What warning signs did Krakatoa give that she would violently erupt? (Answered throughout video) (give 5)
1
animals acted strangely
2
earthquakes
3
smoke and ash from Krakatoa
4
vegetation on the island destroyed by pyroclastic flows
5
a moment when the sea went totally calm
8. The video focuses on several major sources for the eruption. Write a brief description of three of these primary sources.
Source 1
Source 2
Source 3
Ship Captain
Mr Berring
Lighthouse keeper
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9. Describe the influence of the technology of the day and its impact on observations of the eruption.
Telegraph, barometers, good written accounts from eye witnesses
Allowed for best documented eruption to date
10. Describe the natural forces at work that caused the eruption.
Subduction, Tectonic plates, Carbon Dioxide
Build up of pressure in the volcano until it exploded
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11. What did Bering encounter when he had a local fisherman take him out to observe the island after the first eruption?
The encountered could of foul smelling sulfurous gas and had to turn around and go back before they reached the island
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12. When the scientist Sherman and his party went to Krakatoa during its brief lull after the first eruption, what did they
find? Describe at least 5 major observations during their dangerous climb up Krakatoa.
1
all plants/trees burned up by pyroclastic flows
2
foul smelling smoke
3
bubbling pools of water/acid.
4
pumic and ash everywhere
5
a crater that was active, filled with lava
13. What actions did they take, that were invaluable to future vulcanologists? _____________________________________
They took samples, scientific readings and documented everything
14. What is a pyroclastic flow? Hot gasses and ash that flow down the side of a volcano
15. The major eruption at Krakatoa occurred how long after the first activity began? 3-4 months
16. Describe the eruption of the 26th of August 1883. Provide at least 5 specific details.
1
all three craters blew up
2
large amounts of ash and pumic
3
tsunami
4
earthquakes
5
sound heard thousands of miles away
17. What theories were there on why the 1883 eruption was so violent? You may give ones that were proved wrong.
Build up of pressure in the volcano until it exploded
Magma got lodged in the throat of the volcano and mixed with thick and thin magma, creating an explosive combination.
Water super heated to steam by magma
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18. What evidence for the “Mixing of two Magmas” theory is there?
Pumic from the eruption shows that there were two types of magma thin and thick that mixed together to build up pressure
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19. Describe what happened to Fourth Point light house and to ships near Krakatoa when the Fourth Point Tsunami hit.
Lighthouse destroyed by huge piece of coral reef
The Inspector General survived due to Captian Linderman’s experience and skill
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20. What are the similarities and differences between the Krakatoa tsunamis and the tsunamis of 2004?
earthquakes
Tsunammi
2004 tsunami were smaller, volcano was involved at Krakatoa
21. How far away was the eruption heard? 3,000 miles
22. Why is this significant? Loudest recorded noise
23. Describe what happened at three different locations near Krakatoa during the eruption.
24. Choose three characters from the video and tell their fates after the eruption.
Mr & Mrs Berring lived
Lighthouse keeper lived
Their baby died
His wife and son died
Most local fisherman died
25. What major effects did the eruption have on the entire planet? Give at least five global effects
1
sound heard thousands of miles away
2
reduced temperature of planet by several degrees
3
ash in the atmosphere
4
sunsets –blood red sky
5
effects were felt around the world for over 4 years
26. How was all of the information about Krakatoa kept for future generation? Be specific and give examples.
The royal Society in London. Books, letters, logs, art
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27. Today, what is the condition of the site of Krakatoa? Why is that important?
Son of Ktakatoa, a new volcano is there. It is almost as big as Krakatoa when it exploded.
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28. What actions did the people of the time take that you would have NOT taken, and which ones would you have done the
same thing? Give one of example of each.
I would NOT have…__________________________________________________________________________________
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I would have done the same …__________________________________________________________________________
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29. Based on our class discussions, homework, recent news and this video, where would you most like to live to avoid
natural disasters?____________________________________________________________________________________
30. Where would you most NOT want to live? _____________________________________________________________