Political
Organization
Intellectual
Advancements
Religious
Organization
Artistic
Achievements
Roman Empire
-republic: ruled by
aristocrats
-no monarchy
-Senate most
powerful
-later on empire:
non hereditary,
choosen by the
Senate
-strong military
organization
-focuses on law of
courts
-well crafted laws
-Simplified
writing system.
-Roman arches
-Plumbing
-Aqueducts
-Roads
-12 Tables
Gupta Empire
-political
authority less
important than
caste
membership and
group allegances
-leadership
appointed by
gods
-“theater state”
techniques
-the “Golden
Age” spreads
law
-1000 diseases
identified
-decimal sytem
-c-section
-500 known
healing plants
identified
-concept of 0
-solar calendar
-round earth
Han China
-Confucianism replaced a
legalist government
-expanded bureaucracy
-strong centralized
government supported by
educated shi
-not militaristic
POLYTHEISM,
DERIVATIVE
FROM GREEKS,
BUT RELIGION
NOT REALLY
IMPORTANT
TO THE
AVERAGE
ROMAN.
CHRISTANITY
DEVELOPED,
BUT WAS NOT
DOMINANT
UNTIL VERY
LATE.
~poetry, music,
dance, and drama
~architecture;
three types of
colomns(doric
ionic and
Aryan religious
stories written
down into
Vedas.
Hunduism
became the
dominant
religionbelieved in
reincarnation,
karma, dharma,
Moksha, etc.
Confucianism dominated
social and political
structures in Han China.
Buddhism appeared.
Buddhism believed that
women and every social
class was capable of
reaching Nirvana. It put a
lot of emphasis on the
Eightfold Path to
Righteousness and the
Four Noble Truths.
~stupas (dome
shaped Buddhist
shrines)
~Apreciation of
nature and joy
of life
~Calligraphy and many
artistic writing forms
~Artistic pottery with
many pictures
~carved Jade (a greenish
blue stone which was
-calendar 365.5 days
-compass
-many different
philosophies..confucanism
-mathematics of music
Technological
Advancements
Economic
Organization
Social
Organization
Geographic
Expansion
Decline of
The Empire
corinthian)
Athletic
performances
~Celebrated
religion
often carved into the
shape of Buddha)
Roman Empire
-roads
-Harbors
-Military
transportation
-Aquaducts
-Public baths
-Sewer system
Gupta Empire
-Plastic surgery
-Bone setting
-concept of “0”
-Negative
numbers
-Pi
Han Dynasty
-Medicine
-Ox-drawn plow/collar
for animals
-Iron smithing and
mining
-Water powered mills
-Paper
Very influential in
trading between
the central Asian
nomads. Romans
traded horses,
alfalfa, grapes,
melons, walnuts.
They received
silk, peaches,
apricot, pottery
and paper.
Part of the silk
road and Indian
ocean trade set
up many
stations to trade.
Trade was
essential to
economy.
Traded between
the Romans.
Helped expand the silk
road as a part of the
economic stimulus.
Traded mostly horses,
created the stirrup. Asian
nomads were the
centralized part of the
overall trade in the area.
Paterfamalies-Male
dominated families.
Wealth based on
land ownership.
Middle class of
merchants grew
during the empire as
well as inequality
Guptan society
was based off
the caste
system’s social
hierarchy.
Women’s status
declined during
the empire.
Family was the basic unit
in Han society. Wealth
was based on the amount
of land a person owned.
Rural and urban areas
were extremely divided.
The society was basically
Patriarchal and reinforced
be Confucianism
Rome gained total
control of the
Meditarranean in
the Punic wars.
Began in the
Italian Peninsula.
Northern India,
Central India,
not as far south
as the Mauryan
dynasty
Extended Borders, opened
trade into the
Meditarranean
Began after about
180 CE
Decline in
population
because of
Invasions of
nomads
Many invaders
integrated to
warrior catse of
Invasions of the Huns
Deterioration of political
institutions
Protection/ maintenance
of borders
growing
difficulties
Most discrivitce of
all dynasties
Series of weak
emperors
Plague
Had to hire
German soldiers
which cost more
money
India
Gupta lost
control of their
local princes
Diseases from trade
Social Disorder
Mandate of Heaven was
supposed to end the
dynasty