THE GROWTH OF CHRISTIANITY
I.
FATHERS OF CHURCH
A.
GENERAL REMARKS
1.
GROUP OF WELL-EDUCATED INFLUENTIAL ROMAN CITIZENS WHO
BECAME X'S
2.
THESE MEN INCREDIBLE THINKERS & WRITERS OF X DOCTRINE &
THOUGHT
3.
CARRIED ON TRADITION OF PAUL
4.
TO INTERPRET CHRISTIANITY & ITS MEANING FOR PEOPLE
5.
HXS REFER TO THEM AS FATHERS OF CHURCH
6.
THEIR INFLUENCE NOT ONLY SHAPED EARLY CHURCH
7.
BUT THROUGHOUT MA & BEYOND CONTINUED TO HAVE A PROFOUND
IMPACT ON X & MANKIND
B.
ST. JEROME 340-345?-420
1.
WELL-EDUCATED PRIEST
2.
COMMISSIONED BY POPE IN 382 TO PREPARE NEW LATIN TRANSLATION
OF BIBLE
3.
BIBLE CALLED VULGATE
a.
BECAUSE ITS LANGUAGE VULGAR OR EVERYDAY COMMON
SPEECH
4.
USED UNTIL 16TH C BY ALL CHRISTIANS
5.
& UP TO RECENT TIMES BY CATHOLIC CHURCH
6.
ANOTHER AREA HE HAD EVEN MORE INFLUENCE
a.
HELPING TO SHAPE CHURCH'S ATTITUDE TOWARD WOMEN
7.
THROUGHOUT HIS LIFE JEROME CULTIVATED FRIENDSHIP OF DEVOUT
WOMEN
8.
HIS LETTERS TO WOMEN & OTHERS SOURCE OF MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN
MORALITY
9.
HE THOUGHT WOMEN INFERIOR TO MEN
10.
SINCE WOMEN MORALLY & PHYSICALLY WEAKER THAN MEN
11.
LIFE DEDICATED TO PERPETUAL VIRGINITY BEST FOR WOMEN
12.
JEROME'S RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EDUCATION OF GIRLS WERE
SUMMED UP IN SINGLE FORMULA:
a.
LET THEM KNOW NOTHING OF THE PAST LET THEM SHUN THE
PRESENT AND LET THEM LONG FOR THE FUTURE
13.
HE CONTINUED ARISTOTLE & GREEK IDEAS OF INFERIORITY OF WOMEN
INTO CHRISTIAN TEACHINGS
14.
MARRIAGE ALWAYS INFERIOR TO WIDOWHOOD & VIRGINITY
a.
RATING SYSTEM
15.
BEGINNING W/PAUL & CONTINUING THROUGH THESE CHURCH
FATHERS,
16.
CHURCH ESPOUSED BELIEF CELIBACY BEST FOR PEOPLE TO HAVE
RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD
C.
ST. AMBROSE 340-397
1.
ARISTOCRAT TRAINED AS A LAWYER IN ROME
2.
BUT BECAME BISHOP OF MILAN
3.
DURING THIS TIME MILAN IMPERIAL CAPITAL IN WEST
4.
SENT ON DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS AS EMPEROR'S REPRESENTATIVE
5.
AMBROSE USED HIS BACKGROUND AS A LAWYER & CIVIL SERVANT IN
INFLUENCING EMPERORS
2
6.
7.
D.
BUT ALWAYS CAREFUL TO RETAIN UPPER HAND,
PRESERVING APPEARANCE OF MORAL SUPERIORITY OF RELIGION OVER
SECULAR POWER
8.
GOT EMPEROR THEODOSIUS TO DECLARE X STATE RELIGION 380 A.D.
9.
1 OF MOST INFLUENTIAL EVENTS OCCURRED BETWEEN AMBROSE &
THEODOSIUS
10.
THEODOSIUS TO AVENGE A POLITICAL MURDER
11.
ALLOWED HIS TROOPS TO MASSACRE THOUSANDS OF REBELS IN
THESSALONICA
12.
AMBROSE ORDERED HIM TO DO PENANCE
13.
PENANCE PUNISHMENT METED OUT BY CHURCH FOR SIN
a.
USUALLY BREAD & WATER FOR NUMBER OF DAYS
14.
BUT WHEN HE DID NOT DO PENANCE AMBROSE EXCOMMUNICATED HIM
a.
DEPRIVING HIM OF RECEIVING SACRAMENTS
b.
INCLUDING LAST RITES
15.
PLUS OUTLAWED FROM ANY COMMUNICATION W/OTHER X'S
16.
NEARLY YR 2 ANTAGONISTS LOCKED IN STALEMATE NEITHER SIDE
WILLING TO BACK DOWN
17.
FINALLY THEODOSIUS AGREED TO DO PUBLIC PENANCE FOR HIS CRIME
18.
SYMBOLICALLY RECOGNIZING IN MATTERS OF SIN CHURCH HELD
GREATER AUTHORITY
19.
& AMBROSE STATEMENTS APPEARED CERTAIN
a.
THE EMPEROR IS WITHIN THE CHURCH NOT ABOVE IT
20.
AMBROSE'S CONTEST W/THEODOSIUS NOT ISOLATED QUARREL
21.
X COMMUNITY FLEXING ITS MUSCLE TO GAIN POWER
22.
BY BORROWING ROMAN LAW TO DEFINE MATTERS OF FAITH
23.
X FROM A PERSECUTED RELIGION TO ONE DOING PERSECUTION
24.
ALSO CHURCH HAD INTERDICT
25.
LIKE EXCOMMUNICATION BUT HAD MORE EFFECT
26.
AS AGAINST EVERYONE IN A PARTICULAR PLACE
27.
HANDED OUT FOR SEVERAL REASONS
a.
FOR SUPPORTING A HERESY
b.
OR NOT SHUNNING EXCOMMUNICATED LEADER
ST. AUGUSTINE - 354-430
1.
BY & FAR MOST INFLUENTIAL & NB CHURCH FATHER
2.
NEXT TO PAUL MOST INFLUENTIAL CHRISTIAN
3.
IMPOSSIBLE TO OVER-EMPHASIS HIS NB
4.
MEDIEVAL MARRIAGE, DIVORCE, BIRTH CONTROL CUSTOMS ALL
ORIGINATE FROM AUGUSTINE
a.
WHAT POSITION CATHOLIC CHURCH TODAY ON THESE ITEMS
COMES FROM AUGUSTINE
5.
PETER BROWN BISHOP OF HIPPO - SUPERB BIOGRAPHY
6.
X MOTHER & PAGAN FATHER
7.
PARENTS RECOGNIZED BRILLIANCE OF SON
a.
GAVE BEST EDUCATION AVAILABLE
8.
AUGUSTINE MANAGED TO BE BOTH GREAT STUDENT & PARTY BOY
9.
AUGUSTINE'S QUEST FOR TRUTH
10.
LED TO HIS BECOMING MANICHAEAN AT 19
a.
MOST FORMATIVE YRS
b.
& REMAINED ONE FOR 9 YRS
c.
RELATED TO INTENSELY DUALISTIC RELIGION OF ZOROASTER OF
3
E.
PERSIA
d.
BUT PROCLAIMED TO BE CHRISTIANITY FOR ONE WITH ALERT &
INQUIRING MIND
e.
TAUGHT DENIAL OF PHYSICAL PLEASURES
(1)
EATING MEAT
(2)
MARRIAGE
f.
BUT HE ACQUIRED A MISTRESS & FATHERED A SON
g.
WILL IMPACT HIS LATER VIEWS GREATLY
11.
THROUGHOUT THESE YRS AUGUSTINE SAID:
a.
I THIRSTED FOR HONOR, POSITION, MARRIAGE & POWER CONFESSIONS
12.
WENT TO MILAN TEACHING RHETORIC
13.
1 DAY HEARD AMBROSE
a.
AUGUSTINE REGARDED HIM AN ORATORICAL MODEL
14.
WHERE SEEDS OF BECOMING A X STARTED GERMINATING
15.
MOTHER TALKED HIM INTO SEPARATING FROM HIS CONCUBINE & SON 14 YEAR RELATIONSHIP
16.
CONVERSION TO X NEXT
17.
HIS ACCOUNT OF HIS CONVERSION IS DESCRIBED W/MINUTE
ATTENTION TO EVERY NUANCE OF FEELING IN HIS CONFESSIONS
a.
HIS CONFESSIONS BECAME MODEL OF SPIRITUALITY
(1)
RETURNED TO N. AFRICA WHERE PERSUADED AGAINST HIS
WILL TO BE ORDAINED A PRIEST
18.
395 AD MADE BISHOP OF HIPPO
19.
HIS EDUCATION & LIFE EXPERIENCES REFLECTED A MAJOR DILEMMA
OF HIS AGE
20.
RECONCILIATION OF PAGAN WISDOM OF ANTIQUITY W/TENETS OF X
BELIEF
21.
HE BELIEVED ACCEPTABLE TO BE KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT PAGAN
LITERATURE
22.
THUS ENSURING CLASSICAL TEXTS WOULD BE PRESERVED DURING MA
23.
AUGUSTINE ALSO DEVELOPED WAY TO UNDERSTAND BIBLE
a.
HIS MODEL FOLLOWED THROUGHOUT MIDDLE AGES
b.
FOR OVER 1000 YEARS
24.
BIBLE INTERPRETED 4 WAYS
a.
HISTORICAL
b.
ETIOLOGICAL = MORAL
c.
ANALOGICAL = OLD TESTAMENT AS PREFIGURING THE NEW
TESTAMENT
d.
ALLEGORICAL
25.
STORY OF JOSHUA AT BATTLE OF JERICHO MEANS
a.
HISTORICALLY JOSHUA TOOK JERICHO
b.
MORALLY WALLS OF SIN WILL CRUMBLE BEFORE MAN OF FAITH
c.
ANALOGICALLY THAT JESUS WILL ENTER & DID ENTER
JERUSALEM IN TRIUMPH
d.
ALLEGORICALLY THAT ON LAST DAY WORLD WILL CRUMBLE
WHEN TRUMPET OF JUDGEMENT SOUNDS
CITY OF GOD
1.
NO BOOK EXCEPT BIBLE HAD GREATER INFLUENCED ON MA THAN THIS
ONE
2.
HIS MASTERPIECE
4
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
II.
EXPLAINED FALL OF ROME AS WORKING OUT OF DIVINE PLAN FOR
MANKIND
NOT AS RESULT OF X AS PEOPLE SAID
FALL OF ROME SHOWS STRUGGLE BETWEEN GOOD & EVIL
PHYSICAL DESTRUCTION OF ROME
a.
VISIGOTHIC SACK OF ROME IN 410
COULD NOT AFFECT ETERNAL SYMBOL OF ROME
SINCE CREATION OF WORLD HUMAN SOCIETY DIVIDED INTO 2 CITIES
a.
CITY OF MAN
b.
CITY OF GOD
THOSE BELONGING TO CITY OF MEN RULED BY WORLDLY DESIRES
THEY SOUGHT THINGS OF FLESH
& AFTER DEATH PUNISHED BY GOD FOR THEIR SINFUL LIVES
THOSE BELONGING TO CITY OF GOD SOUGHT THINGS OF SPIRIT
AFTER DEATH JOINED HEAVENLY COMMUNITY
CITY OF GOD PARTLY ON EARTH & PARTLY IN HEAVEN
PASSING OF EMPIRES SUCH AS ROME NECESSARY PRE- PARATION FOR
EVENTUAL EST. OF X KINGDOM
MONASTICISM
A.
BACKGROUND
1.
AUGUSTINE CHOSE TO STRUGGLE AGAINST HIS SINFUL NATURE WHILE
LEADING ACTIVE LIFE
2.
SINCE EARLIEST DAYS OF CHURCH OTHER X'S
3.
CONVINCED SPIRITUAL GROWTH ONLY POSSIBLE THRU TOTAL
ISOLATION FROM WORLD
4.
& EXTREME HERMIT-LIKE ASCETICISM SUBSTITUTE FOR MARTYRDOM
OF EARLY CHRISTIANS
5.
GROUP OF HERMITS KNOWN AS DESERT SAINTS BEGAN PROCESS
a.
EGYPTIAN DESERT FAVORED SITE
6.
NURTURED THEIR HOLINESS THRU EVERY CONCEIVABLE DISCOMFORT
a.
CLOTHING, FOOD, SLEEP KEPT TO MINIMUM
7.
ST. BASIL (330?-379) SET GUIDELINES FOR COMMUNAL MONASTICISM IN
EAST
a.
HIS RULES STILL APPLY TO MONKS IN EAST
B.
BENEDICTINE MONASTERIES
1.
SOLITARY ASCETIC LIFE HAD LESS APPEAL IN WEST
2.
HERE WEATHER PLAYED NB PART
3.
GROUP LIVING IN SHELTERED QUARTERS BECAME NORMAL PATTERN
4.
IN WEST RULE OF ST. BENEDICT C. 520 BECAME DOMINANT PATTERN OF
ASCETICISM
5.
EST BY BENEDICT OF NURSIA 480-523
6.
WROTE HIS HOLY RULE OUTLINING MONASTERY LIFE
7.
THROUGHOUT MIDDLE AGES OTHER MONASTIC ORDERS WOULD FORM,
8.
SUCH AS FRANCISCANS, DOMINICANS,
9.
BUT ALL BASED ON BENEDICTINE ORDER
10.
HIGHLY ORGANIZED SPIRITUAL COMMUNITY HEADED BY ABBOT
W/ABSOLUTE AUTHORITY
11.
ESTABLISHED MONTE CASSINO ABBEY 529
12.
HUMILITY & OBEDIENCE PRIMARY AIM OF MONKS
13.
TO SEEK HOLINESS THROUGH CHARITABLE WORKS FOR POOR &
5
C.
D.
HUNGRY
14.
AS WELL AS THROUGH MEDITATION & PRAYER
15.
IN BENEDICTINE HOUSES CHIEF OCCUPATION OF MONKS OPUS DEI WORK OF GOD
a.
PERFORMANCE OF 7 LITURGICAL OFFICES OR SERVICE OF
WORSHIP
b.
AT EACH OF THESE SERVICES PRESCRIBED # OF PSALMS & HYMNS
CHANTED
c.
ALONG W/RESPONSES & READINGS FROM BIBLE
GREGORY THE GREAT - POPE
1.
GREGORIAN CHANT DEVELOPED
2.
ORIGINS - MUSIC SUNG AT MASS DURING SERVICES FOR DEAD
a.
WHERE MUSIC SCHOOLS ATTACHED TO CATHEDRALS
DEVELOPED IT
3.
EVENTUALLY MORE & MORE CHANTS WRITTEN
a.
WE KNOW OF 3000
4.
CHANTS MAY SOUND MONOTONIC TO INEXPERIENCED EAR AS BASED
ON LIMITED SCALE
5.
GREGORIAN CHANT SPREAD THROUGHOUT BENEDICTINE
MONASTERIES IN 7-9TH CENTURIES
6.
IN 9TH C. ORGANS ADDED
7.
AS WELL AS POLYPHONIC MUSIC
8.
MONASTIC DAY BEGAN SHORTLY AFTER MIDNIGHT W/CELEBRATION OF
MATINS & LAUDS
9.
AFTER BRIEF REST, OFFICE OF PRIME CHANTED AT DAWN
10.
FOLLOWED AT APPROXIMATELY 3 HOUR INTERVALS BY TERCE, SEXTS,
NONES, VESPERS &
11.
AFTER TWILIGHT FINAL OFFICE COMPLINE
12.
IN HIS RULE BENEDICT CAUTIONED IDLENESS IS THE ENEMY OF THE
SOUL
13.
TO KEEP TEMPTATIONS DOWN TIME DIVIDED BETWEEN LITURGICAL
SERVICES & MANUAL LABOR
14.
BY 8-9 C FEW MONKS ACTUALLY WORKED IN FIELDS
15.
SERFS & LAY BROTHERS PERFORMED FUNCTION
16.
& NUMBER & LENGTH OF LITURGICAL OFFICES EXPANDED TO FILL
EVERY AVAILABLE HOUR OF DAY
MONASTIC ORDERS FOR WOMEN
1.
EVEN BEFORE MONASTICISM INSTITUTIONALIZED
2.
WOMEN VIRGINS & WIDOWS WHO LIVED ASCETIC LIVES AMONG X
COMMUNITIES
3.
VIRGINS ALLOTTED SPECIAL PLACE IN CHURCH FROM 1ST CENTURIES
OF X
4.
FEMALE ORDERS DEVELOPED IN PARALLEL TO ORDER OF MONKS
5.
FEMALE BENEDICTINES DEV FROM 6TH C ONWARD
6.
ST. SCHOLASTICA - ST. BENEDICT'S SISTER
7.
IN HIGH MIDDLE AGES MOST NUNNERIES BELONGED TO THIS ORDER
8.
BUT IN ALL ORDERS ABBESS NOT PERMITTED TO PREACH TO NUNS
9.
ALL ORDERS REQUIRED SERVICES OF MALE PRIESTS
10.
PRIESTS HAD TO
a.
RECEIVE NUNS' VOWS
b.
HEAR CONFESSION
6
E.
F.
G.
c.
OR BLESS THEM
DOUBLE MONASTERIES
1.
FROM INCEPTION OF MONASTICISM DOUBLE MONASTERIES
2.
MONKS & NUNS LIVED IN SEPARATE QUARTERS
3.
BUT IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
4.
SOME HEADED BY ABBESS
5.
GREAT DEAL OF OPPOSITION TO THESE DOUBLE MONASTERIES ALMOST
FROM THEIR INCEPTION
6.
MAIN ARGUMENT DANGER OF MORAL LAXITY
7.
GREATEST OF THESE
a.
MONASTERY AT WHITBY,
b.
GOVERNED BY ST. HILDA
c.
HER REPUTATION FOR WISDOM LED MANY TO COME TO SEEK
HER ADVICE
8.
WHILE NUMBER OF THESE RULED BY ABBESSES DRASTICALLY
REDUCED IN 11TH C. - DUE TO VIKINGS
9.
CONTINUED THROUGHOUT MIDDLE AGES
a.
ORDER OF FONTEVRAULT
(1)
WHERE ELEANOR OF AQUITAIN BURIED
IMPORTANCE OF MONASTERIES
1.
RISE OF BENEDICTINE MONASTICISM SAME TIME AS BARBARIAN
INVASIONS
2.
THUS MONASTIC HOUSES FREQUENTLY SHELTERED HOMELESS VICTIMS
3.
THOSE WHO LIVED MONASTIC LIFE OF PIETY
4.
COULD HELP ENSURE SALVATION FOR ALL X'S THROUGH THEIR
PRAYERS
5.
THIS BELIEF IN ALTRUISTIC BENEFITS OF MONASTIC PRAYER
6.
ENCOURAGED MEDIEVAL LANDHOLDERS TO BUILD & ENDOW
MONASTERIES ON THEIR ESTATES
7.
WHERE MASSES WOULD BE CELEBRATED IN PERPETUITY FOR SAKE OF
THEIR SOULS.
8.
ALSO MONASTERIES OF EARLY MA GUARDED & PERPETUATED
CULTURE OF ANTIQUITY
9.
DESTRUCTION OF ROME & OTHER CITIES OF ANCIENT WORLD
a.
MEANT LOSS OF LIBRARIES & SCHOOLS
10.
AS PART OF THEIR DIVINE LABORS
11.
MONKS COPIED WORKS OF CICERO & VIRGIL
12.
ALONG W/THOSE OF THEOLOGIANS & SAINTS
13.
AUGUSTINE HAD SANCTIONED READING OF PAGAN AUTHORS AS AN
AID TO CHRISTIAN ELOQUENCE
14.
EFFORTS OF THOUSANDS OF MONASTIC COPYISTS
15.
GUARANTEED ACCESSIBILITY OF THESE PAGAN TEXTS TO MEDIEVAL
SCHOLARS
16.
ALL BUT SMALLEST MONASTERIES HAD SCRIPTORIA
a.
WHERE WROTE & ILLUMINATED MSS BEAUTIFUL
17.
THUS FROM LATE ANTIQUITY UNTIL 12TH C VIRTUALLY ALL LEARNING
ASSOCIATED W/MONASTERIES &
18.
EVEN AFTER EST OF UNIVERSITIES
19.
YOUNG SCHOLARS RECEIVED THEIR EARLIEST EDUCATION AT
MONASTIC SCHOOLS
GREGORY THE GREAT 540-604
7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
III.
4TH & LAST DOCTOR OF LATIN CHURCH
FOUNDER OF PAPAL STATE
SON OF SENATOR & HEIR OF LARGE ESTATES IN ITALY
DECIDED TO ABANDON LAY LIFE
& SELL PART OF HIS PROPERTIES TO AID POOR
FOUNDED 7 MONASTERIES
& THEN DECIDED TO BECOME MONK
LATER LEFT MONASTERY AT REQUEST OF POPE TO BECOME DEACON IN
ROME
EVENTUALLY ELECTED POPE IN 590
WHEN ANARCHY & VIOLENCE CAME AT ROME FROM VARIOUS
BARBARIAN TRIBES
HE FED PEOPLE OUT OF HIS OWN ESTATES
& MADE ROME INDEPENDENT OF BYZANTINE CHURCH AUTHORITY AT
RAVENNA IN ITALY
THAT HAD BEEN SET UP BY BYZANTINE EMPERORS JUSTINIAN
HE CLAIMED INDEPENDENCE OF CHURCH IN SPIRITUAL MATTERS
A DIRECT CHANGE FROM WHEN WAS OPERABLE IN CONSTANTINOPLE
WHERE EMPEROR IN CHARGE OF BOTH STATE & CHURCH
THIS BROUGHT CONFLICT BETWEEN EAST & WEST THAT WAS
BEGINNING OF EVENTUALLY COMPLETE SEPARATION IN 11TH C.
IN THESE ENDEAVORS GREGORY ALSO DENIED BARBARIAN KINGS OF
WEST ANY AUTHORITY OVER CHURCH
EMPLOYING MONASTIC MOVEMENT IN SERVICE OF PAPACY
HE IS CREDITED WITH PLAYING INTEGRAL ROLE IN CHRISTIANITY
EUROPE
HIS BOOK OF PASTORAL RULE BECAME TEXTBOOK OF MEDIEVAL
BISHOPS
OTHER PRACTICES & CUSTOMS OF EARLY CHRISTIANS & CHURCH
A.
CELEBRATING SAINTS' DAY
1.
VERY NB PART OF POPULAR PIETY OF MIDDLE AGES
2.
DATES FROM 2ND CENTURY
3.
SAINTS PEOPLE MARTYRED FOR THEIR FAITH
4.
ORIGINALLY NO FORMAL PROCESS OF CANONIZATION
5.
FACT OF MARTYRDOM SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE FOR VENERATION
6.
UNTIL 12TH C CANONIZATION VARIED FROM 1 AREA TO ANOTHER
7.
LOCAL CULTS SPRANG UP IN VIRTUALLY ALL CATHEDRALS &
MONASTERIES
8.
ALWAYS CELEBRATED DAY OF SAINT'S DEATH
a.
FOR IT WAS HIS BIRTHDAY IN HEAVEN
9.
SINCE SAINT IN HEAVEN IS ETERNALLY IN GOD'S FAVOR
10.
PRAYERS TO SAINTS WILL BE MOST EFFICACIOUS
11.
WORKS ABOUT THEIR LIVES = HAGIOGRAPHIES
a.
FASCINATING BUT NOT NECESSARILY HISTORICALLY ACCURATE
B.
RELICS
1.
INNUMERABLE MIRACLES COULD BE PERFORMED FOR BENEFIT OF
CHRISTIANS
2.
BY PRAYING & TOUCHING RELICS OF SAINTS
3.
KEPT IN BEAUTIFUL RELIQUARIES
4.
MOST WIDELY DISTRIBUTED RELICS OF CHRIST
8
IV.
CONVERSION OF PAGANS OF NORTHERN EUROPE
A.
WAYS CHURCH CONVERTED PAGANS
1.
CONVERTED WIFE OF RULER & THEN SHE WOULD CONVERT HER
HUSBAND
2.
THEN HE WOULD FORCIBLY CONVERT HIS KINGDOM
3.
OR CONVERTED INDIVIDUALS
4.
THESE CONVERSIONS COULD BE DONE BY MISSIONARIES
5.
OR BY ESTABLISHING MONASTERIES & NUNNERIES TO CONVERT
PEOPLE ENTERING THEM
6.
BY 800 A.D. FACE OF WESTERN EUROPE COVERED W/GREAT ABBEYS,
MONASTERIES, MISSIONARIES HAD FOUNDED
V.
CONVERSION OF THE IRISH
A.
ST. PATRICK
B.
ST. BRIDGIT
VI.
CONVERSION OF THE ENGLISH
A.
ANGLO-SAXON'S CONVERSION TO X
1.
IT TOOK 2 GROUPS
a.
PAPACY & IRISH CHURCH
2.
POPE - GREGORY THE GREAT LATE 6TH C.
3.
SENT ANOTHER AUGUSTINE, BENEDICTINE MONK
4.
TO CONVERT ENGLISH
5.
CONSECRATED BY PAPAL ORDER AS ARCHBISHOP OF ENGLISH NATION
a.
BEGINNING LINE OF ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY
(1)
AS CONVERSION BEGAN IN KENT CITY
(a)
CANTERBURY
6.
BUILT NUMEROUS CHURCHES OR CONVERTED PAGAN TEMPLES
7.
BUT PROBLEM AS IRISH CHURCH DOING CONVERSION TOO
8.
IRISH OR CELTIC CHURCH HAD SURVIVED IN IRELAND
9.
WHEN ROMAN RULE IN BRITAIN HAD COLLAPSED UNDER ANGLOSAXON INVASIONS
10.
DIFFERENT CUSTOMS HAD ENSUED
a.
CELEBRATION DAY FOR EASTER
(1)
TONSURE OF MONKS
11.
SO PRETTY MUCH PAPACY ENDED UP CONVERTING SOUTHERN
ENGLAND & IRISH CHURCH NORTHERN ENGLAND
B.
ST. COLUMBA- C 521-97
1.
IMPORTANT CELTIC CHURCH FIGURE RESPONSIBLE FOR CONVERTING
SCOTLAND & N. ENGLAND
2.
COLUMBA ESTABLISHED CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY ON ISLAND IONA
a.
OFF WEST COAST OF SCOTLAND
b.
ORIGINALLY SACRED HOME OF DRUID PRIESTHOOD
3.
SOON BECAME FAMOUS AS CENTER OF CELTIC CHURCH
4.
FROM HERE CHRISTIANITY SPREAD THROUGHOUT SCOTLAND &
NORTHERN ENGLAND
5.
& EVEN NORTHERN EUROPE
6.
EXAMPLES OF IONIAN ARTISTIC ACHIEVEMENT
a.
IRISH CELTIC CROSS
b.
BOOK OF KELLS LATE 8TH C.
9
C.
D.
(1)
IONIAN ARTISTS WHO WENT TO IRELAND
NORTHUMBRIAN MISSIONARY EFFORTS
1.
ANOTHER AREA THAT BECAME FAMOUS FOR ITS MISSIONARY, ARTISTIC
& INTELLECTUAL ACHIEVEMENTS
2.
MONKS CAME FROM IONA
3.
TO EAST COAST OF N. ENGLAND
4.
VARIOUS MONASTERIES ESTABLISHED - JARROW,
5.
LINDISFARNE (HOLY ISLAND), WHITBY, WEARMOUTH
VENERABLE BEDE C. 673-735
1.
GREATEST EXPONENT OF NORTHUMBRIAN CULTURE
2.
HIS WRITINGS ILLUMINATED THESE TIMES
a.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH NATION
(1)
HIS THESIS - TO SHOW CHRISTIANITY AS SUPREME
ORGANIZING FORCE IN HISTORY
(2)
HIS USE OF "ENGLISH" UNIFYING EFFECT ON PEOPLE OF
INDIVIDUAL KINGDOMS & CLANS
3.
HIS GREATEST INFLUENCE ON SOCIETY
a.
TREATISE DE TEMPORUM RATIONE
(1)
ON NATURE OF TIME
(2)
POPULARIZED PRACTICE OF RECKONING YRS FROM BIRTH
OF CHRIST
(a)
ANNO DOMINI
4.
ARTISTIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF NORTHUMBRIAN CULTURE
a.
LINDISFARNE GOSPELS EPITOMIZE
b.
LATE 7TH C.
c.
COMBINATION OF CELTIC & ANGLO-SAXON STYLE KNOWN AS
HIBERNO-SAXON
d.
CARPET PAGE COMPOSED OF INTERLACED ANIMALS
(1)
TYPICAL OF ANGLO-SAXON/ CELTIC STYLE