TEST REVIEW: Latitude/Longitude, Minerals, Rocks, Weathering, & Soils
2015-16
• The solid portion of the earth is composed of
.
• Rocks are composed of one or more naturally occurring substances called
.
• Define a mineral including all 6 properties.
• Name and describe each physical property we use to identify the minerals in the lab ?
• The oldest known rocks found on earth were formed approximately
• Complete the rock cycle below.
billion years old.
• List the 3 general categories of rock types.
•
rocks are the most abundant and oldest type of rock
• The molten rock material that is found below the surface is referred to as
.
• As soon the molten rock material reaches the surface it is called
.
• In situations in which magma cools into igneous rocks, the resultant rocks are categorized as
. Due to the slow cooling within the earth the minerals are able to grow relatively
large, course-grained.
• When lava cools relatively quickly (volcanoes), the minerals form small crystals and the igneous rock is
categorized as
, fine-grained. Generally speaking the crystals are too small to see with
the naked eye.
• A sub-category of extrusive igneous rock are the
. These rocks cool so fast that no crystals
form. Obsidian and pumice are examples of volcanic glass.
• Rocks that have recrystallized due to
and
are called metamorphic rocks.
There are 2 processes which create enough heat and pressure to metamorphose a rock. During mountain
building large amounts of rock are bent and strained. This can cause the requisite heat and pressure over
a large area causing regional metamorphism. Secondly, is the heat and pressure created when magma is
squeezed through preexisting layers of rock. This type of metamorphism is called contact
metamorphism.
• There are 2 general categories of metamorphic rock,
and
.
• 75% of the earth’s surface rocks are
rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed when
(weathered material and/or organic material) are
and
together or
when precipitates harden out of solution.
TEST REVIEW: Latitude/Longitude, Minerals, Rocks, Weathering, & Soils
2015-16
•
is the changes that rocks undergo at or near the earth's surface, there are 2
general types:
•
- (physical weathering or mechanical weathering) Mechanical processes that
break large masses of rock into smaller fragments.
•
- (chemical weathering) The process that forms new substances from minerals in
the rock. Air, water and substances dissolved in water react with minerals in rocks.
• Rate of Weathering- depends on 3 things: the
of the rock, the
of
the rock and the
• How do you calculate surface area?
• What is the surface area of a cube that is 4 cm on each side?
• How does surface area effect decomposition ?
• How does carbonic acid form ?
• What type of rock do caves form in?
•
are the link between solid rock and the world of living things.
•A
is a vertical section of all horizons that make up a soil.
• The Horizon A is called the Zone of
(top soil). Organic matter from more or less
decayed plants and animals forms
and is the primary source of
.
is the process by which some soil components are dissolved and are carried downward by water.
• The Horizon B is called Zone of
(sub soil). It is made up of minerals which are
carried through the top soil by ground water. Small particles of clay may accumulate and create a
which water can not penetrate.
• The Horizon C is made up of leached materials from Horizon B and partly weathered bedrock.
• The
(parent rock) supplies the rocks and minerals for
soil,
which form in place by the gradual weathering of the bed rock. However, if the soil has been removed
from one area and deposited in another the
soil has no relation to the bedrock. In
this case horizons are usually poorly defined or absent.
• A poorly developed soil is called an
soil. In this case not all of the horizons exist or
are completely developed.
• List the 5 factors that control the development of soils
pages 104-107, 118-120,121-122, 127-130, 258-263,264-265, 310-311
• study the notes on my web page concerning latitude and longitude