INTERREGIONAL COORDINATING COUNCIL
TRANSPORTATION & DISTRIBUTION
COMMITTEE
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
SHIPPING GUIDE
L/R 02/26/15
The IRCC Transportation & Distribution Committee
The Interregional Coordinating Council (IRCC) was formed in 1991 to coordinate programs of the three
regional crop protection associations -- the Southern Crop Production Association, Mid America
CropLife Association, and Western Plant Health Association - with CropLife America.
The Transportation & Distribution (T&D) Committee was formed by the IRCC Executive Board to
follow transportation issues in the crop protection industry. This committee has representatives from
major crop protection manufacturers and distributors. Membership is open to all CLA and regional
association member companies.
The Committee meets three times a year. Usually, these meetings are in conjunction with the three
regional associations’ Board or Annual Meetings.
One of the primary objectives of the T&D Committee is to interpret, summarize, and communicate the
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Hazardous Materials Regulations to the crop protection
industry. The T & D Committee reviews DOT and International Regulations, comments on proposed
rules, prepares training materials, and issues informational bulletins summarizing regulatory compliance
requirements.
The T&D Committee has published several editions of the "Hazardous Materials Shipping Guide", a
booklet summarizing the DOT Regulations. These are updated as regulations change. They also publish
the Hazardous Materials Shipping Descriptions which is updated annually and have produced a training
video to accompany the two books including test and answers for training purposes.
The IRCC Transportation & Distribution Committee
Paul Derig – J. R. Simplot Co., Chair
Margaret Lewandowski – BASF Corp., Vice Chair
Becky Roark – Helena Chemical Co.
David W. Peters – Monsanto Co.
Kevin Greene – DuPont Crop Protection.
Joseph Paster – Syngenta Crop Protection
Michael Goosev – American Warehouse Co., Inc.
Mike Weingardt -- Crop Production Services
Mana House – ISK Biosciences Corp.
Greg Leyes – ISK Biosciences Corp.
Joe Matousek – BASF Corp.
Lindsey Jackson – Dow AgroSciences
Patrick McGlinchey – FMC Corp.
Gary Gold – FMC Corp.
Don Schultz – Land O'Lakes
William J. Briner – Consultant
Liaisons
Amanda Griesser – CropLife America
Edgar W. Duskin – SCPA
Bonnie McCarvel – MACA
Renee Pinel – WPHA
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DOT HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
SHIPPING GUIDE
NOTICE
This booklet, compiled and published by the regional crop protection products associations’
Transportation and Distribution Committee, contains a summary of the hazardous materials
transportation regulations.
Every effort has been made to be accurate and clear, and to incorporate a summary of the U.S.
Department of Transportation’s Hazardous Materials Regulations into this booklet. Due to the constantly
changing nature of government regulations, it is impossible to guarantee absolute accuracy of the
material contained herein. Those responsible for complying with the provisions of Title 49 CFR and
other applicable laws & regulations should be advised that the authors of this booklet, their companies
and associations accept no legal responsibility for statements or errors which might be in this booklet.
To ensure compliance, the Transportation and Distribution Committee further advises those responsible
for compliance to read and to follow the official publications of the applicable regulations and laws
dealing with the transportation of hazardous materials.
Interpretations concerning the Hazardous Materials Regulations can be obtained directly from the U.S.
Department of Transportation, Research and Special Programs Administration, 400 Seventh Street, SW,
Washington, D.C. 20590-0001, telephone number (800) 467-4922, internet web site
http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat.
This booklet may be duplicated but only for non-commercial purposes. Any other use of this booklet
requires the express written consent of the Interregional Coordinating Council.
©2015 - Interregional Coordinating Council
SCPA, P.O. Box 7000, Dawson, Georgia 39842
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
4
Penalties
4
Registration and Fee Assessment
4
Training
6
Transportation Security
6
Definitions
10
Hazardous Materials Classification
12
The Hazardous Materials Table
12
DOT Hazard Classes
15
Precedence of Hazards
22
General Packaging Requirements
23
Marking Requirements
25
Labeling Requirements
32
Shipping Paper Requirements
35
Placarding Requirements
39
Intermodal Certification
41
Loading and Unloading Requirements
42
Customer Pickup, Loading and Bracing Recommendations
44
Leaking Containers
45
Emergency Response Information
45
Hazardous Materials Insurance Requirements
47
Materials of Trade Exceptions
47
Intrastate Agricultural Operations
49
Transportation and Unloading of Liquefied Compressed Gases
49
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations
50
Safety Performance History of New Drivers
54
Minimum Training Requirements for Entry Level of CMV Driver
57
Protection Against Shifting and Falling Cargo
58
DOT Hazardous Materials Regulations Index
61
Miscellaneous Conversion Factors
67
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INTRODUCTION
The Hazardous Materials regulations are intended to protect against the risk to life and property inherent
in the transportation (including loading, unloading, and temporary storage) of such commodities in
commerce. The regulations are published in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 100-180,
and are quite extensive. Regulations governing the shipment of hazardous materials by air are found in
the current editions of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions For
The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods By Air and the International Air Transport Association (IATA)
Dangerous Goods Regulations. Regulations governing the shipment of hazardous materials by ocean are
found in the current edition of the IMDG Code.
All persons involved with the shipment of hazardous materials must be knowledgeable of those
regulations as they apply to their position or function. Such persons are subject to the training and
testing requirements discussed in the Training section of this booklet.
This Hazardous Materials shipping guide summarizes key requirements for the transport of agricultural
chemicals. Refer to Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations or seek further clarification from
knowledgeable sources for any questions not answered by this booklet.
PENALTIES
No person may offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless they are
trained and the material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, placarded and in
proper condition for shipment. Certain shippers and carriers are also subject to the registration and fee
assessment requirements discussed in the Registration and Fee Assessment section of this booklet.
Civil penalties range from $450 to $75,000 for each violation. If a violation results in death, serious
illness, severe injury or substantial destruction of property, the maximum penalty increases to $175,000.
When a violation is a continuing one, each day of the violation constitutes a separate offense. Criminal
penalties may be assessed in the form of fines up to $500,000, or imprisonment for up to five years, or
both, except that the maximum amount of imprisonment shall be 10 years in any case in which the
violation involves the release of a hazardous material which results in death or bodily injury to any
person.
Following are several examples of DOT baseline assessment guidelines used in making initial penalty
determinations: (1) $600 for failure to include a required technical name in parentheses for a listed
generic or "n.o.s." material; (2) $3200 for failure to include an emergency response telephone number on
a shipping paper; and (3) $6200 for offering a Packing Group III hazardous material for transportation in
an unauthorized non-UN standard or non-specification packaging.
REGISTRATION AND FEE ASSESSMENT
(49 CFR Part 107 Subpart G)
Each company or subsidiary engaged in offering or transporting the following hazardous materials in
commerce must register and pay a fee to the U.S. Department of Transportation:
(1) Highway route-controlled quantities of radioactive materials
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(2) More than 55 pounds of Division 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3 explosives
(3) More than 1 liter per package of Hazard Zone A poisonous liquids or gases
(4) Hazardous materials in a bulk packaging having a capacity equal to or greater than 3,500 gallons or
468 cu. Ft. (This applies whether the tank contains a residue, is partially full, or is completely full.)
(5) A shipment of 5,000 pounds or more gross weight of hazardous material in non-bulk packaging
loaded at one loading facility of a class of hazardous material for which vehicle, rail car or freight
container placarding is required.
(6) A quantity of hazardous material that requires placarding, except for the activities of a farmer that are
in direct support of the farmer’s farming operations.
Each company or subsidiary that is required to register and does not meet the criteria of a small business
or a not-for-profit organization must pay an annual fee of $2600, including the processing fee.
Each company or subsidiary that is required to register and qualifies as a small business under criteria
specified in 13 CFR Part 121 or a not-for-profit organization exempt from taxation under 26 U.S.C.
501(a) must pay an annual fee of $275, including the processing fee.
Following are some examples of businesses which meet the small business criteria:
2002 NAICS code 111110 (1987 SIC code 0116) – Soybean Farming; and 2002 NAICS code
111150 (SIC code 0115) – Corn Farming – annual receipts of $750,000 or less;
2002 NAICS code 115112 (1987 SIC code 0721) – Soil Preparation, Planting, and Cultivating –
annual receipts of $6,000,000 or less;
2002 NAICS code 325320 (1987 SIC code 2879) – Pesticide and other Agricultural Chemical
Manufacturing – 500 employees or less;
2002 NAICS code 424910 (1987 SIC code 5191) – Agricultural Chemicals Merchant
Wholesalers – 100 employees or less.
Contact the Small Business Administration 1-800-UASK-SBA (1-800-827-5722) if you have any
questions concerning the small business criteria.
Registration is required no later than June 30 of each year or prior to the first shipment of the indicated
hazardous materials.
Registrants must maintain a copy of the registration statement filed with the DOT and the Certificate of
Registration at its principal place of business for a period of three years from the date of issuance of each
Certificate of Registration.
A copy of the motor carrier’s Certificate of Registration or another document bearing the registration
number identified as “U.S. DOT Hazmat Reg. No.” must be carried on board all transport vehicles used
to transport hazardous materials subject to the registration requirements.
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TRAINING
(49 CFR Part 172 Subpart H)
Individuals who perform functions involving the transportation of hazardous materials must receive
training concerning regulatory requirements applicable to those functions. Persons who in the course of
employment directly affect hazardous materials transportation safety must be trained.
This regulatory requirement is designed to increase hazmat employee awareness of safety considerations
involved in loading, unloading, handling, storing, shipping paper preparation, marking, labeling,
placarding, and transportation of hazardous materials, and to improve emergency preparedness for
responding to transportation incidents and accidents.
Hazmat employee training must include (1) general awareness/familiarization training; (2)
function-specific training; (3) safety training; (4) security awareness training; and (5) in-depth security
training (is a security plan is required). In addition, hazardous materials drivers must be trained on the
safe operation of the motor vehicle which they intend to operate and the applicable requirements of the
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations [per 49 CFR 177.816].
New employees or those who change hazardous materials functions must complete training within 90
days after beginning their job. Prior to training, employees must work under the direct supervision of a
properly trained and knowledgeable hazmat employee. Hazmat employees must receive training at least
once every three years.
Employers are responsible for ensuring that the level of training is adequate and appropriate for each
hazmat employee.
Even employees who are not customarily involved with hazardous materials need to be taught enough not
to do something improper, such as transporting a hazardous material in an automobile without proper
packaging, marking, shipping papers, or securement, or carrying a hazardous sample in their suitcase on
an airplane.
After completion of training, each employer must certify, with appropriate documentation, that each
hazmat employee received training and was tested on appropriate areas of responsibility. A record of
each employee’s training for the prior three (3) years must be maintained for the duration of employment
in each applicable hazardous materials job function and for 90 days thereafter. The record of training
must contain the name of the person receiving the training, the training completion date, a copy of or the
location of the training material presented or a description of the training given, the name and address of
the person presenting the training, and certification that the hazmat employee has been trained and tested.
Training may be provided by a 3rd party trainer, but certification must be made by the hazmat employer.
Transportation Security Requirements
(49 CFR Part 172 Subpart I)
Shippers and carriers who offer or transport one or more of the following hazardous materials in commerce
must develop and adhere to a transportation security plan for hazardous materials (the phrase “large bulk
quantity,” as used in the following list, refers to a quantity greater than 3,000 kg (6,614 pounds) for solids or
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3,000 liters (792 gallons) for liquids and gases in a single packaging such as a cargo tank motor vehicle,
portable tank, tank car, or other bulk container):
(1) Any quantity of a Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 material;
(2) A quantity of a Division 1.4, 1.5, or 1.6 material requiring placarding
(3) A large bulk quantity of Division 2.1 material;
(4) A large bulk quantity of Division 2.2 material with a
subsidiary hazard of 5.1;
(5) Any quantity of a material poisonous by inhalation;
(6) A large bulk quantity of a Class 3 PG I and II materials;
(7) A quantity of a desensitized explosives meeting the definition of a Division 4.1 or Class 3 material
requiring placarding;
(8) A large bulk quantity of a Division 4.2 PG I and II materials;
(9) Any quantity of a Division 4.3 material;
(10) A large bulk quantity of a Division 5.1 PG I and II materials; perchlorates; or ammonium nitrate,
ammonium nitrate fertilizers, or ammonium nitrate emulsions, suspensions, or gels;
(11) Any quantity of organic peroxide, Type B, liquid or solid, temperature controlled;
(12) A large bulk quantity of Division 6.1 material (other than materials poisonous by inhalation);
(13) A select agent or toxin regulated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under 42 CFR part 73
or the United States
Department of Agriculture under 9 CFR part 121;
(14) A quantity of uranium hexafluoride requiring placarding under 49 CFR 172.505(b);
(15) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Code of Conduct Category 1 and 2 materials including
Highway Route Controlled quantities as defined in 49 CFR 173.403 or known as radionuclides in forms listed as
RAM-QC by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission;
(16) A large bulk quantity of Class 8 PG I materials.
Materials shipped in accordance with an exception authorized under the HMR, such as the materials of trade
exception, small quantity exceptions limited quantity or consumer commodity exceptions, are not subject to
security planning requirements.
Transportation activities of a farmer who generates less than $500,000 annually in gross receipts from the sale
of agricultural commodities or products are not subject to the security plan requirements if such activities are
(1) conducted by highway or rail; (2) in direct support of their farming operations; and (3) conducted within a
150-mile radius of those operations.
Hazmat employers who are required to have a security plan must provide in-depth security training to their
hazmat employees in the plan’s specifics. All hazmat employees must receive training that provides an
awareness of the security issues associated with hazardous materials transportation and possible methods to
enhance transportation security. This training must also include a component covering how to recognize and
respond to possible security threats.
Hazmat employees subject to in-depth security training must receive recurrent training at least once every three
years or, if the security plan for which training is required is revised during the three-year recurrent training
cycle, within 90 days of implementation of the revised plan.
The in-depth security training requirements apply only to hazmat employees who are directly involved with
implementing security plans.
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The requirement for developing and adhering to a security plan applies to persons who offer for transportation
or transport hazardous materials in commerce, including loading, unloading, or storage incidental to the
movement of hazardous materials.
Security plans should focus not only on the potential threats posed by the material being transported, but also
on personnel, facility, and en route security issues. A company should implement a plan that is appropriate to
its individual circumstances, considering the types and amounts of hazardous materials shipped and the modes
of transportation.
The requirements permit a shipper or carrier to develop a security plan that assesses the specific security risks
of the materials to be transported and put into place measures that are commensurate with the assessed risks.
If a shipper or carrier determines that the security risks of the materials it handles are relatively small, then its
security plan may be limited in scope and complexity.
Security plan components. A security plan must address risks related to the transportation of hazardous materials
in commerce. Persons subject to the security plan requirement must perform an assessment of the transportation
security risks associated with the materials they handle, including site-specific or location-specific risks
associated with facilities at which these hazardous materials are prepared for transportation, stored, or unloaded
incidental to movement, and appropriate measures to address the assessed risks. PHMSA has developed a
security template to illustrate how risk management methodology can be used to identify points in the
transportation process where security procedures should be enhanced within the context of an overall risk
management strategy. This template is posted on http://hazmat.dot.gov/riskmgmt/rmsef.htm. Other risk
assessment tools may also be used. Each security plan will differ because it will be based on an offeror's or a
carrier's individualized assessment of the security risks associated with the specific hazardous materials it ships
or transports and its unique circumstances and operational environment. Specific measures put into place by the
plan may vary commensurate with the level of threat at a particular time.
At a minimum, a security plan must include the following elements:
1. A method or methods for confirming information provided by applicants for jobs that involve access to
or handling of the hazardous materials covered by the plan. Employers should make an effort to check
information related to an applicant's recent employment history, references, and citizenship status.
2. Methods to address the possibility that unauthorized persons may attempt to gain access to hazardous
materials or transport vehicles being prepared for transportation.
3. A method or methods to address en route security risks. A hazardous materials transporter's security
plan will address en route security issues in some detail. However, shippers also need to address this aspect
of transportation security since it is the shipper who controls carrier selection; order entry; loading; time and
method of dispatch; and the destination. A security plan should include a system for verifying that a carrier
has an on-going transportation security program. At a minimum, a shipper should satisfy itself that the
carrier that will be transporting its material has a security plan in place that adequately addresses the
assessed security risks of the material to be transported, including risks related to storage of the material
during transportation.
The security plan must also include the following:
(1) Identification by job title of the senior management official responsible for overall development and
implementation of the security plan;
(2) Security duties for each position or department that is responsible for implementing the plan or a portion
of the plan and the process of notifying employees when specific elements of the security
plan must be implemented; and
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(3) A plan for training hazmat employees in accordance with 49 CFR 172.704(a)(4) and (a)(5).
The security plan, including the transportation security risk assessment, must be in writing and must be retained
for as long as it remains in effect. The security plan must be reviewed at least annually and updated as
necessary to reflect changing circumstances. The most recent version of the security plan, or portions thereof,
must be available to the employees who are responsible for implementing it, consistent with personnel security
clearance or background investigation restrictions and a demonstrated need to know. When the security plan is
updated or revised, all employees responsible for implementing it must be notified and all copies of the plan must
be maintained as of the date of the most recent revision.
Each person required to develop and implement a security plan in accordance with this subpart must maintain a
copy of the security plan (or an electronic file thereof) that is accessible at, or through, its principal place of
business and must make the security plan available upon request, at a reasonable time and location, to an
authorized official of the Department of Transportation or the Department of Homeland Security.
Security awareness training. Each hazmat employee must receive training that provides an awareness of
security risks associated with hazardous materials transportation and methods designed to enhance
transportation security. This training must also include a component covering how to recognize and respond to
possible security threats. New hazmat employees must receive the security awareness training within 90 days
after employment.
In-depth security training. Each hazmat employee of a person required to have a security plan must be
trained concerning the security plan and its implementation. Security training must include company security
objectives, specific security procedures, employee responsibilities, actions to take in the event of a
security breach, and the organizational security structure.
Transportation Security Awareness
(49 CFR Part 172.704(a)(4))
Approximately 800,000 hazardous materials shipments are made per day in the United States. Hazardous
materials are essential to the economy of the U.S. and to the wellbeing of its people. They are used as
fuel for vehicles, to heat and cool homes and businesses, and they are essential in farming, health care,
manufacturing, mining and many other industrial processes.
Hazardous materials also have the potential to be used in terrorist attacks. The 1993 terrorist attack on
the World Trade Center and the 1995 attack on the Oklahoma City Federal Building used ammonium
nitrate, urea and nitric acid to produce deadly explosions. In 1993, the FBI arrested four members of a
terrorist cell planning to hijack a gasoline tank truck and igniting it in the Hudson River tunnel. A
planned attack on a 24 million gallon liquid propane storage facility in Elk Grove, California in 1999 was
discovered and prevented. Fully loaded fuel tanks in hijacked planes were an integral part of the terrorist
attacks on September 11, 2001.
Bridges, dams, tunnels, historic monuments, high density population centers and chemical plants are
potential terrorist targets.
Hazardous materials shippers, carriers and receivers should conduct vulnerability assessments for the
hazardous materials which they handle. They should conduct background checks for prospective
employees. They should conduct security reviews, including a review of access control systems,
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reporting procedures, employee training, regular inspections of storage areas, proper identification and
enroute security.
A facility security evaluation should include:
 Nature of the area surrounding the facility
 Nature and quantity of hazmat present at the facility
 Physical barriers to entry
 Means of detecting intrusion attempts
 History of unauthorized entries
 Regulatory requirements
The following guidelines are recommended for security of hazardous materials:
 Keep storage areas locked
 Keep updated and accurate inventories
 Conduct regular inspections of storage areas
 Conduct security spot checks of personnel and vehicles
 Lock all equipment
 Be alert for unusual purchases or odd behavior
 Restrict access of non-employees
In planning a trip with hazardous materials, the following items should be considered:
 Know your customer
 Plan the safest route
 Avoid high population areas
 Conduct a vehicle pre-trip inspection
 Select rest stops with good lighting
 Follow the regulatory attendance and parking rules
 Be aware of your surroundings
 Make sure your company knows your route; report any delays immediately
 Report suspicious activity
 Do not pick up hitchhikers
 Do not talk about your cargo or destination in casual conversations
A secure transportation system is vital for our nation. It ensures our economic growth, protects our
citizens and calms the fear that we might be vulnerable to violent criminal acts. Through a better
understanding of potential targets, threats and protective measures that can be taken, we can greatly
reduce the risk of a catastrophic event. Be educated, be aware and be secure.
DEFINITIONS
The hazardous materials definitions and abbreviations are listed in 49 CFR 171.8. Several of these
definitions are included below.
Hazardous Material
A hazardous material, as defined by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), is any substance or
material, including a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine pollutant, or elevated temperature
material, which has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be capable of posing an
unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce.
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Hazardous Substance
A hazardous substance is a material, including its mixtures and solutions, that (1) is listed in Appendix A
to 49 CFR 172.101; (2) is in a quantity, in one package, which equals or exceeds the reportable quantity
(RQ) for that material; and (3) for non-radioactive materials, when in mixture or solution, equals or
exceeds the concentration listed in the RQ Percentage Table [49 CFR 171.8] corresponding to the RQ for
the material.
Hazardous Waste
Any material that is subject to the hazardous waste manifesting requirements of the EPA specified in 40
CFR Part 262.
Bulk Packaging
Bulk packaging is defined as having a maximum capacity greater than 450 liters (119 gallons) for liquids;
a maximum net mass greater than 400 kilograms (882 pounds) and a maximum capacity greater than 450
liters (119 gallons) for solids; or a water capacity greater than 454 kilograms (1000 pounds) for gases.
Non-Bulk Packaging
Non-bulk packaging is defined as having a maximum capacity of 450 liters (119 gallons) or less for
liquids; a maximum net mass of 400 kilograms (882 pounds) or less and a maximum capacity of 450
liters (119 gallons) or less for solids; a water capacity of 454 kilograms (1000 pounds) or less for gases;
or a non-bulk specification bag or a box conforming to the maximum net mass limitations provided in 49
CFR Part 178, Subpart L.
Intermediate Bulk Container
An intermediate bulk container (IBC) is a rigid or flexible portable packaging, other than a cylinder or
portable tank, with a volumetric capacity of not more than 3000 liters (793 gallons) and not less than 450
liters (119 gallons) or a maximum net mass of not less than 400 kilograms (882 pounds), which is
designed for mechanical handling.
Marine Pollutant
A marine pollutant is a material, including its mixtures and solutions, which is listed in Appendix B to 49
CFR 172.101 and is in a concentration greater than or equal to (1) ten percent by weight; or (2) one
percent by weight for materials identified as severe marine pollutants. Materials not listed in the List of
Marine Pollutants that meet the criteria for a marine pollutant in the General Introduction of the IMDG
Code, Guidelines for the Identification of Harmful Substances in Packaged Form (bioaccumulation
criteria; tainting of seafood criteria; or an aquatic life 96 hour LC50 less than 1 ppm), may be transported
as marine pollutants. Non-bulk packagings transported by motor vehicles, rail cars or aircraft are not
subject to the marine pollutant requirements [per 49 CFR 171.4(c)].
Flash Point
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The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapors which will ignite upon contact with a spark
or flame, using the Tag, Seta-flash, or Pensky-Martens Closed Tester methods.
Liquid
A material, other than an elevated temperature material, with a melting point or an initial melting point of
20C (68F) or lower. A viscous material for which a specific melting point cannot be determined is
heated to 38C (100F); if the material flows more than 2" from an inverted quart can after 3 minutes, it
is classified as a liquid.
Overpack
An enclosure that is used to provide protection or convenience in handling of a package or to consolidate
two or more packages, including packages placed or stacked on a pallet and secured by strapping or
stretch wrap. Overpacks must be marked with the proper shipping name and identification number and
labeled as required for the hazardous materials contained therein unless markings and labels are visible.
The overpack must be marked "OVERPACK" when specification packages are required and
specification markings on the inside packages are not visible.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CLASSIFICATION
In preparing a hazardous material for transportation, the shipper is responsible for classifying the
material according to criteria established by the Department of Transportation.
The properties and composition of the material are compared to the hazardous materials definitions. In
addition, it must be determined whether any component is a hazardous substance or a marine pollutant.
After determining the hazard class, packing group, and subsidiary risk, if any, the most appropriate
proper shipping name is selected from the DOT Hazardous Materials Table.
THE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE
The DOT Hazardous Materials Table in 49 CFR 172.101 designates hazardous materials for the purpose
of transportation. For each listed material, the Table identifies the hazard class or specifies that the
material is forbidden in transportation. The Table lists the proper shipping name, identification number,
and packing group, if any, and specifies or references requirements pertaining to labeling, packaging,
quantity limits aboard aircraft and stowage of hazardous materials aboard vessels.
If the material is not identified by name in the Table, which is commonly the case for mixtures or
solutions, then the shipper must assign a generic or N.O.S. (Not Otherwise Specified) name, which most
appropriately describes the material. Also, a material may meet the definition of more than one hazard
class. In this case the material will be described in accordance with the precedence of hazard list and
table established by the DOT in 49 CFR 173.2a.
In order to fully evaluate and properly classify a material, the List of Hazardous Substances and
Reportable Quantities (Appendix A to §172.101) and the List of Marine Pollutants (Appendix B to
§172.101) must also be reviewed to determine if any component of the material being shipped is a
hazardous substance or a marine pollutant.
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Column 1 of the Hazardous Materials Table contains the following five symbols:
- the plus sign (+) fixes the proper shipping name, hazard class, and packing group for an entry
regardless whether the material meets the definition of that class or packing group;
- the letter "A" restricts the applicability of an entry to transport by aircraft, unless the material is a
hazardous substance or a hazardous waste;
- the letter "D" identifies proper shipping names which are appropriate for domestic transportation
but may be inappropriate for international transportation;
- the letter “G” identifies proper shipping names for which one or more technical names of the
hazardous material must be entered in parentheses, in association with the basic description [see 49
CFR 172.203(k)]
- the letter "I" identifies proper shipping names which are appropriate for international transportation
(an alternate proper shipping name may be selected when only domestic transportation is
involved);
- the letter "W" restricts the applicability of an entry to transport by vessel, unless the material is a
hazardous substance or a hazardous waste.
Column 2 lists the DOT proper shipping names (including generic or n.o.s. proper shipping names for
hazardous materials not specifically listed by name);
Column 3 indicates the DOT hazard class or division;
Column 4 indicates the identification number, where UN stands for United Nations and NA stands for
North American;
Column 5 indicates the packing group of the material;
Column 6 indicates the DOT hazard labels required on the outside of the package;
Column 7 references special provisions listed in 49 CFR 172.102;
Column 8A indicates the 49 CFR Part 173 Section, if any, where packaging exceptions are authorized
(including limited quantities);
Column 8B indicates the 49 CFR Part 173 Section where non-bulk packaging requirements are
authorized;
Column 8C indicates the 49 CFR Part 173 Section where bulk packaging requirements are authorized;
Column 9A specifies the maximum quantity for transport by passenger carrying aircraft or passenger rail
car;
Column 9B specifies maximum quantity for transport by cargo aircraft only;
Column 10A and 10B specify vessel stowage requirements for hazardous materials on board cargo and
passenger vessels.
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DOT HAZARD CLASSES
The DOT hazard classes are as follows:
CLASS 1, EXPLOSIVES (49 CFR 173.50)
Explosives are materials which can detonate or are subject to very rapid combustion. Class 1 is divided
into six Divisions: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6.
CLASS 2, COMPRESSED GASES (49 CFR 173.115)
Class 2 is divided into three divisions, as follows:
Division 2.1 - Flammable gases
Flammable gases are materials which are gases at ambient conditions and are ignitable in a mixture of 13
percent or less by volume with air or have a flammable range with air of 12 percent or more.
Division 2.2 - Non-flammable gases
Non-flammable gases are materials with a pressure of 40.6 psia or more at 20oC (68oF) which do not
meet the definition of Division 2.1 or 2.3. The non-flammable gas definition includes asphyxiant and
oxidizing gases.
Division 2.3 - Poisonous gases
Poisonous gases are materials which are gases at ambient conditions which are known to be so toxic to
humans as to pose a hazard to health during transportation, or in the absence of adequate data on human
toxicity, is presumed to be toxic to humans because a concentration of 5000 ppm or less produces death
within 14 days in half of the laboratory animals tested when inhaled continuously for a period of one
hour.
CLASS 3, FLAMMABLE and COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS (49 CFR 173.120)
Flammable Liquid
A flammable liquid is any liquid having a flash point of not more than 60oC (140oF), or any material in a
liquid phase with a flash point at or above 37.8oC (100oF) that is intentionally heated and offered for
transportation or transported at or above its flash point in a bulk packaging.
Combustible Liquid
A combustible liquid is any liquid that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class, and has a
flash point above 60oC (140oF) and below 93oC (200oF).
A flammable liquid with a flash point at or above 38oC (100oF) that does not meet the definition of any
other hazard class may be reclassed as a combustible liquid for transportation by rail or highway [per 49
CFR 173.150(f)(1)]. An elevated temperature material that meets the definition of a Class 3 material
15
because it is intentionally heated and offered for transportation or transported at or above its flash point
may not be reclassed as a combustible liquid.
The DOT Hazardous Materials Regulations do not apply to materials classed as combustible liquids in
non-bulk packaging unless the combustible liquid is a hazardous substance, a hazardous waste, or a
marine pollutant [per 49 CFR 173.150(f)(2)].
Assignment of Packing Group, Class 3 (49 CFR 173.121)
When the 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table provides more than one Packing Group for a hazardous
material, or indicates that the Packing Group is to be determined on the basis of the grouping criteria for
Class 3, the Packing Group shall be determined by applying the following criteria:
Packing
Group
I
II
III
Flash point (closed-cup)
o
o
<23 C (73 F)
>23oC, <60oC (140oF)
Initial boiling point
< 35oC (95oF)
> 35oC (95oF)
> 35oC (95oF)
The definition of a flammable liquid does not include any liquid with a flash point greater than 35C
(95F) which:
 does not sustain combustion when the external source of flame is removed (per the testing
method in new Appendix H); or
 is in a water-miscible solution with a water content of more than 90% by mass.
CLASS 4, FLAMMABLE SOLIDS SPONTANEOUSLY, COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS, and
DANGEROUS WHEN WET MATERIALS (49 CFR 173.124)
Class 4 is divided into Divisions 4.1, 4.2 & 4.3 as follows:
Division 4.1 - Flammable Solids
Desensitized explosives are flammable solids that, when dry, are Explosives of Class 1 other than those
of compatibility group A, which are wetted with sufficient water, alcohol, or plasticizer to suppress
explosive properties; and are specifically authorized by name either in the 172.101 Table or have been
assigned a shipping name and hazard class by the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials
Safety under the provisions of an exemption issued under 49 CFR Part 107 or an approval issued under
173.56(i) of the Hazardous Materials Regulations.
Self-reactive materials are flammable solids that are liable to undergo, at normal or elevated
temperatures, a strong exothermic decomposition caused by excessively high transport temperatures or
by contamination.
Readily combustible solids are flammable solids which may cause a fire through friction, such as
matches; or show a burning rate faster than 2.2 mm (0.087 inches) per second; or any metal powders that
can be ignited and react over the whole length of a sample in 10 minutes or less, when tested in
accordance with the "UN Manual of Tests and Criteria".
16
Division 4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible Materials
A pyrophoric material is a liquid or solid that, even in small quantities and without an external ignition
source, can ignite within five (5) minutes after coming in contact with air when tested in accordance with
the "UN Manual of Tests and Criteria".
A self-heating material is a material that, when in contact with air and without an energy supply, is liable
to self-heat. A material of this type exhibits spontaneous ignition, or the temperature of the sample
exceeds 200oC (392oF) during the 24-hour test period, when tested in accordance with the "UN Manual
of Tests and Criteria".
Division 4.3 - Dangerous When Wet Material
A dangerous when wet material is a material that, by contact with water, is liable to become
spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gas at a rate greater than 1 liter per kilogram
of the material, per hour, when tested in accordance with the "UN Manual of Tests and Criteria".
CLASS 5, OXIDIZERS and ORGANIC PEROXIDES (49 CFR 173.127 & 128)
Class 5 is divided into Divisions 5.1 and 5.2, as follows:
Division 5.1 - Oxidizers
An oxidizer is a material that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of
other materials.
A solid material is classed as a Division 5.1 material if, when tested in accordance with the UN Manual
of Tests and Criteria, its mean burning time is less than or equal to the burning time of a 3:7 potassium
bromate/cellulose mixture.
A liquid material is classed as a Division 5.1 material if, when tested in accordance with the UN Manual
of Tests and Criteria, it spontaneously ignites or its mean time for a pressure rise from 690 kPa to 2070
kPa gauge is less than the time of a 1:1 nitric acid (65 percent) /cellulose mixture.
Division 5.2 - Organic Peroxides
An organic peroxide is any organic compound containing oxygen in the bivalent -O-O- structure and
which may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or more of the hydrogen atoms
have been replaced by organic radicals [unless the material meets the definition of an explosive; the
material is forbidden from being offered for transportation according to 49 CFR 172.101 or 173.21; the
Department of Transportation has determined that the material does not present a hazard associated with
a Division 5.2 material; or the available oxygen is below the level indicated in 49 CFR 173.128(a)(4)].
CLASS 6, POISONOUS MATERIALS and INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES (49 CFR 173.132 &
173.134)
Class 6 is divided into Divisions 6.1 and 6.2, as follows:
17
Division 6.1 - Poisonous Materials
A poisonous material is a material, other than a gas, known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard
to health during transportation, or which, in the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed
to be toxic to humans because it falls within any one of the following categories when tested on
laboratory animals:
 (1) Oral Toxicity: Produces death within 14 days in half the animals tested at a single dose
(LD50) of 300 mg/kg body weight when administered orally.
 (2) Inhalation Toxicity: Produce death within 14 days in half the animals tested when inhaled
continuously for a period of one hour or less (LD50) at a concentration of 4 milligrams or less per
liter for dusts or mists, or a concentration of 5000 ppm or less and a saturated vapor
concentration of more than one-fifth the lethal concentration for vapors. If the material is
administered to the animals as a dust or mist, more than 90 percent of the particles available for
inhalation in the test must have a diameter of 10 microns or less if it is reasonably foreseeable
that such concentrations could be encountered by a human during transport (including dust
generated during handling and shipping).
A solid substance should be tested if at least 10 percent of its total mass is likely to be dust in a
respirable range, e.g. the aerodynamic diameter of that particle-fraction is 10 microns or less. A
liquid substance should be tested if a mist is likely to be generated in a leakage of the transport
containment. In carrying out the test both for solid and liquid substances, more than 90% (by
mass) of a specimen prepared for inhalation toxicity testing must be in the respirable range.
 (3) Dermal Toxicity: Produce death within 14 days in half the animals tested when administered
by continuous contact with the skin (dermal LD50) for 24 hours or less at a dosage of 1000
mg/kg.
For purposes of classifying and assigning packing groups to mixtures possessing oral or dermal
toxicity hazards, it is necessary to determine the acute LD50 of the mixture. If a mixture contains
more than one active constituent, one of the following methods may be used to determine the oral
or dermal LD50 of the mixture: (1) Obtain reliable acute oral and dermal toxicity data on the
actual mixture to be transported; (2) If reliable, accurate data is not available, classify the
formulation according to the most hazardous constituent of the mixture as if that constituent were
present in the same concentration as the total concentration of all active constituents; or (3) If
reliable, accurate data is not available, apply the formula in 49 CFR 173.132(c)(3).
 (4) Poison-Inhalation Hazard Material: (a) Any gas with an LC50 for acute toxicity on
inhalation of vapors of 5000 ppm or less; (b) any liquid with a saturated vapor concentration at
68oF equal to or greater than ten times the LC50 for acute toxicity on inhalation of vapors and an
LC50 for acute toxicity on inhalation of vapors of 1000 ppm or less. These materials have special
shipping paper, packaging, marking, labeling and placarding requirements.
18
Division 6.1, Assignment of Packing Group, (49 CFR 173.133)
The packing group of Division 6.1 materials for routes of administration other than inhalation of vapors
shall be in accordance with the following table:
Packing
Group
Oral toxicity
LD50 (mg/kg)
Dermal toxicity
LD50 (mg/kg)
Inhalation toxicity
by dusts and mists
LC50 (mg/L)
I
II
III
<5
> 5 and < 50
> 50 and < 300
< 50
> 50 and < 200
> 200 and < 1000
< 0.2
> 0.2 and < 2
> 2 and < 4
The packing group and hazard zone assignments for liquids based on inhalation of vapors shall be in
accordance with the following Table:
Packing group
Vapor concentration and toxicity
I (Hazard Zone A).
V  500 LC50  200 mL/m3.
I (Hazard Zone B).
V  10 LC50; LC50  1000 mL/m3; and the criteria
for Packing Group I, Hazard Zone A are not met.
II
V  LC50 ; LC50  3000mL/m3; and the criteria for
Packing Group I, are not met.
III
V  .2LC50; LC50 5000 mL/m3; and the criteria
for Packing Groups I and II, are not met.
Note 1: V is the saturated vapor concentration in air of the material in mL/m3 at
20C and standard atmospheric pressure.
Note 2: A liquid in Division 6.1 meeting criteria for Packing Group I, Hazard Zones
A or B stated in paragraph (a)(2) of this section is a material poisonous by inhalation
subject to the additional hazard communication requirements in §§172.230(m)(3),
172.313 and Table 1 of §172.504(e) of this subchapter.
Division 6.2 - Infectious Substances (49 CFR 173.134)
Infectious substances are materials which may cause disease in humans or animals.
CLASS 7, RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (49 CFR 173.403)
Radioactive materials are any materials containing radionuclides with an activity concentration and total
activity exceeding the criteria specified in 49 CFR 173.433 or 173.436. Radioactive materials can cause
burns and other injuries.
19
CLASS 8, CORROSIVE MATER1ALS (49 CFR 73.136)
A corrosive material is a liquid or solid that causes full thickness destruction of skin tissue at the site of
contact within a specified period of time, or a material that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or
aluminum.
Assignment of Packing Group, Class 8 (49 CFR 173.137)
Packing Group I. Materials that cause full thickness destruction of intact skin tissue within an
observation period of up to 60 minutes starting after the exposure time of three minutes or less.
Packing Group II. Materials that cause full thickness destruction of intact skin tissue within an
observation period of up to 14 days starting after the exposure time of more than three minutes
but not more than 60 minutes.
Packing Group III. Materials, other than those meeting Packing Group I or II criteria that cause
full thickness destruction of intact skin tissue within an observation period of up to 14 days
starting after the exposure time of more than 60 minutes but not more than 4 hours; or which
have a corrosion rate on steel or aluminum surfaces exceeding 6.25 mm (0.246 inch) a year at a
test temperature of 55oC (131oF).
Retesting of materials classified under the previous test method is not required.
Exception for materials corrosive to aluminum or steel only: Except for a hazardous substance, a
hazardous waste, or a marine pollutant, a material classed as a Class 8, Packing Group III, material solely
because of its corrosive effect on aluminum or steel is not subject to any other requirements of the
Hazardous Materials Regulations when transported by highway or rail in a bulk packaging constructed of
materials that will not react dangerously with or be degraded by the corrosive material. This exception
applies to both bulk and non-bulk packaging for materials corrosive to aluminum, but it only applies to
bulk packaging for materials corrosive to steel.
CLASS 9, MISCELLANEOUS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (49 CFR 173.140)
Miscellaneous hazardous materials are hazardous materials which do not meet the definition of any other
hazard class (1) which have an anesthetic, noxious, or similar property which could cause extreme
annoyance or discomfort to a flight crew member so as to prevent the correct performance of assigned
duties; (2) are hazardous substances or hazardous wastes; (3) are marine pollutants; or (4) are elevated
temperature materials.
ORM-D, OTHER REGULATED MATERIAL (49 CFR 173.144)
An ORM-D material is a material such as a consumer commodity which presents a limited hazard during
transportation due to its form, quantity and packaging. Only those materials for which exceptions are
permitted in column 8A of the Hazardous Materials Table are eligible to be classified as ORM-D
materials.
A consumer commodity is a limited quantity of a hazardous material which is packaged and distributed in
a form intended or suitable for retail sale for consumption by individuals for purposes of personal or
20
household use.
The proper shipping name changes to “consumer commodity” and the hazard class changes to “ORM-D”
for materials shipped under the consumer commodity exception. A consumer commodity does not have
an Identification Number or Packing Group number, is not subject to specification packaging
requirements, and shipping papers are not required for consumer commodity shipments, unless the
material is a hazardous substance, a hazardous waste, a marine pollutant, or is offered or intended for
transportation by air.
Consumer commodities must be shipped in strong outside packagings, marked "Consumer commodity"
followed by the ORM-D designation in a rectangle, and are subject to a 66 pound (30 kg) package weight
limitation except when (i)
(ii)
Unitized in cages, carts, boxes or similar overpacks;
Offered for transportation or transported by:
(A) Rail;
(B) Private or contract motor carrier; or
(C) Common carrier in a vehicle under exclusive use for such service; and
(iii)
Transported to or from a manufacturer, a distribution center, or a retail
outlet, or transported to a disposal facility from one offeror.
In addition, display ready units, merchandisers, etc., with a maximum net quantity of 250 kg (550
pounds) containing inner packagings which conform to the consumer commodity quantity limitations
may be offered for transportation, or transported, by highway or rail between a manufacturer, a
distribution center, and a retail outlet by any type of carrier, including LTL. Display pack inner
receptacles are packed into corrugated fiberboard trays to prevent them from moving freely. The trays
are placed in a fiberboard box which is banded and secured to a wooden pallet by metal, fabric, or plastic
straps, to form a single palletized unit. The palletized unit must conform to the general packaging
requirements, and it must be marked "Consumer commodity" followed by the ORM-D designation in a
rectangle, as required in 49 CFR 172.316.
The ORM-D classification and the “consumer commodity” proper shipping name are in the process of
being eliminated from the DOT Hazardous Materials Regulations. They will no longer be authorized as
of January 1, 2021. Materials previously meeting the definition of a consumer commodity will be
required to be shipped as limited quantities.
As part of these changes, shipping papers will no longer be required for ground shipments of limited
quantities, unless they are also a hazardous substance, a hazardous waste or a marine pollutant. Shipping
papers continue to be required for air and vessel shipments.
Prior to January 1, 2021, either the new limited quantity requirements or the old limited quantity and
ORM-D requirements may be used.
A “limited quantity” or “LTD QTY” notation is still required for ocean shipments, but this notation is no
longer required for air shipments. Packages shipped by air are no longer required to be marked with the
words “Limited Quantity” or “Ltd Qty”.
Also as part of these changes, a new limited quantity marking (100 mm x 100 mm) will be required for
all modes of transportation. For limited quantity shipments by ground or water, a diamond with black
21
triangles in the top and bottom corners will be required. Ground and water shipments are not required to
be marked with the proper shipping name, identification number or to display hazard labels (except if
toxic).
For limited quantity shipments by air, a diamond with black triangles in the top and bottom corners plus
the letter “Y” in the center is required. Limited quantity shipments by air must display hazard labels, be
marked with the proper shipping name and identification number in addition to the new limited quantity
marking.
Cargo transport units containing dangerous goods in only limited quantities must be marked with large
(250 mm x 250 mm) limited quantity marks on all four sides.
PRECEDENCE OF HAZARDS
(49 CFR 173.2a(b))
A material that is not specifically listed in Table 172.101 that meets the definition of more than one
hazard class or division, shall be classed according to the highest applicable hazard class of the following
hazard classes.
The following Hazard Classes are listed in descending order of hazard.
- CLASS 1
(explosive); Division 5.2 (organic peroxide); Division 6.2 (infections substance); or
Division 4.1 (wetted explosive)
- CLASS 7
Radioactive Materials (other than limited quantity)
- Division 2.3 Poisonous Gases
- Division 2.1 Flammable Gases
- Division 2.2 Non-Flammable Gases
- Division 6.1 Poisonous Liquids, Poison-Inhalation Hazard materials only
- Division 4.2 Pyrophoric Material
- Division 4.1 Self Reactive Material
- The precedence of hazards for a material meeting more than one of the following hazards - Classes 3 or
8, Divisions 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, or 6.1 (other than Packing Group I, poisonous-by-inhalation) - shall be
determined using the 49 CFR 173.2a Precedence of Hazard Table below.
- Combustible Liquids
- CLASS 9
Miscellaneous Hazardous Material
22
Precedence of Hazard Table
[Hazard class or division and packing group]
4.2
3 I2
3 II2
3 III2
4.2
4.1 II2
4.2
4.1 III2
4.2 II
4.2 III
4.3 I
4.3 II
4.3 III
5.1 I1
5.1 II1
5.1 III1
6.1 I, Dermal
6.1 I, Oral
6.1, II Inhalation
6.1 II, Dermal
6.1 II, Oral
6.I, III
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
5.1 I1 5.1 II1 5.1
III1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
4.1
4.1
4.2
5.1
4.3
4.3
5.1
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.3
6.1, I
6.1, I
dermal oral
3
3
3
3
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
4.3
6.1
4.3
6.1
6.1
5.1
5.1
6.1
5.1
6.1
6.1
6.1 II 6.1 III 8, I
liquid
3
3
3
3
3
8
6.1
34 8
4.1
4.1 (3)
6.1
4.1 (3)
4.2
4.2 8
6.1
4.2 8
4.3
4.3 4.3
4.3
4.3 8
6.1
4.3 8
5.1
5.1 5.1
5.1
5.1 8
6.1
5.1 8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8, I 8, II
solid liquid
(3)
3
(3)
3
(3)
8
8
(3)
8
(3)
8
4.2
8
8
4.3
4.3
8
8
8
8
5.1
5.1
8
8
8
8
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
8
8
8
8
8
8, II
solid
(3)
(3)
(3)
4.1
8
4.2
8
4.3
4.3
8
5.1
5.1
8
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
8
8, III 8, III
liquid solid
3
(3)
3
(3)
3
(3)
(3)
4.1
(3)
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
8
8
1
See 49 CFR 173.127(b)
Materials of Division 4.1 other than self-reactive substances and solid desensitized explosives, and materials of Class 3 other
than liquid desensitized explosives.
3
Denotes an impossible combination.
4
For pesticides only, where a material has the hazards of Class 3, Packing Group III, and Division 6.1, Packing Group III, the
primary hazard is Division 6.1, Packing Group III.
Note 1: The most stringent packing group assigned to a hazard of the material takes precedence over other packing groups; for
example, a material meeting Class 3 PG II and Division 6.1 PG I (oral toxicity) is classified as Class 3 PG I.
Note 2: A material which meets the definition of Class 8 and has an inhalation toxicity by dusts and mists which meets criteria
for Packing Group I specified in §173.133(a)(1) must be classed as Division 6.1 if the oral or dermal toxicity meets criteria for
Packing Group I or II. If the oral or dermal toxicity meets criteria for Packing Group III or less, the material must be classed as
Class 8.
2
GENERAL PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS
(49 CFR Part 173)
After hazardous materials are correctly classified and described, that information is used to select
appropriate packaging. The Hazardous Materials Table lists packaging references for each hazardous
material. The proper packaging of hazardous materials is essential for the safety of everyone involved in
handling and transportation. Each package used for hazardous materials must be designed, manufactured,
and tested so that when it is properly filled, closed and shipped there will be no unintentional release of
material under normal transportation conditions.
Non-bulk packaging is defined as having a maximum capacity of 450 liters (119 gallons) or less for
liquids; a maximum net mass of 400 kilograms (882 pounds) or less and a maximum capacity of 450
liters (119 gallons) or less for solids; or a water capacity of 454 kilograms (1000 pounds) or less for
gases [49 CFR 171.8].
23
Bulk packaging is defined as having a maximum capacity greater than 450 liters (119 gallons) for liquids;
a maximum net mass greater than 400 kilograms (882 pounds) and a maximum capacity greater than 450
liters (119 gallons) for solids; or a water capacity greater than 454 kilograms (1000 pounds) for gases [49
CFR 171.8].
An intermediate bulk container (IBC) is a rigid or flexible portable packaging, other than a cylinder or
portable tank, with a volumetric capacity of not more than 3000 liters (793 gallons) and not less than 450
liters (119 gallons) or a maximum net mass of not less than 400 kilograms (882 pounds), which is
designed for mechanical handling [49 CFR 178.700(c)(1)].
United Nations performance oriented packaging is referenced in the Hazardous Materials Table for
non-bulk and intermediate bulk container packaging.
For most bulk packaging (including tank trucks, tank cars, and certain portable tanks), DOT specification
standards, rather than UN Specifications, apply. For intermediate bulk containers, UN Specifications
apply.
Package specification markings must be shown on the container.
a) Metal drums with a capacity greater than 100 liters must have markings in a
"durable" manner (e.g. printed label) on the top or side, and markings in a permanent form
(e.g. embossed), on the bottom of the drum.
b) Metal drums with a capacity of 100 liters or less are usually embossed on the bottom.
c) Plastic drums are usually embossed on the side.
d) Boxes are imprinted on the side or the bottom flap.
e) Bags are imprinted on the back.
f) Rigid plastic or metal bulk containers have name plates.
For packages with a gross weight greater than 66 lbs., UN Specification markings or a duplicate thereof
must appear on the top or side of the packaging [per 49 CFR 178.3(a)(5)].
The product must be compatible with the packaging. The package must be able to withstand the rigors of
transportation.
Each non-bulk package containing liquids in inner packagings must be packed with closures upward.
The inner container must not be filled to capacity. Allow a minimum of 1% void for product expansion
(5% for Poison-Inhalation Hazard materials).
All packages must be properly closed to prevent leaking, sifting or rupture. Packagings must conform in
all respects with the method of packaging and size and type of inner packagings specified in the
packaging test report. Packagings must be closed for transportation in the same manner as they were
closed for UN testing. The manufacturer and each subsequent distributor of a packaging must notify
each person to whom that packaging is transferred in writing instructions for closing the packaging in the
same manner as it was closed for testing.
Nails, staples and other metal fasteners must not protrude into the package interior so as to damage the
inner container.
24
Plastic drums may be reused without undergoing leakproofness testing for five years from the date of
manufacture as long as they show no evidence of reduced integrity, are refilled with the same or similar
contents, and are transported by a private carrier, contract carrier, or common carrier in a transport
vehicle or freight container used exclusively for such service, within a distribution chain controlled by
the offeror.
During transportation
• no hazardous material may remain on the outside of the IBC
• each IBC must be securely fastened to or contained within the transport unit
• IBCs containing liquids must be resistant to an increase of internal pressure likely to
develop due to heat or an increase in elevation
Each metal IBC must be internally inspected at least every five years.
Additional carrier requirements:
Certain carriers have established their own packaging requirements, which, in some cases, are more
stringent than those in 49 CFR. These additional requirements, though not required for regulatory
compliance, must be met in order to ship hazardous materials with these carriers.
MARKING REQUIREMENTS
Shipper Package Markings: (49 CFR Part 172 Subpart D)
Each person who offers a hazardous material for transportation must mark each package, freight
container, and transport vehicle containing the hazardous material as required by the Hazardous
Materials Regulations.
Except for shipments made in accordance with the 49 CFR 171.14(d)(2) intermixing provision,
hazardous materials proper shipping names, technical names and identification numbers marked on
packages must agree with the hazardous materials descriptions entered on shipping papers.
Non-bulk Packaging:
Non-bulk packaging must be marked with the proper shipping name and identification number (preceded
by “UN” or “NA” as appropriate) assigned to the material in the Hazardous Materials Table [49 CFR
172.101]. Identification numbers are not required on packages which contain only limited quantities or
ORM-D materials [per 172.301(a)(1)].
The identification number marking preceded by “UN”, “NA”, or “ID” as appropriate must be marked in
characters at least 12 mm (0.47 inches) high. Packages with a maximum capacity of 30 liters (8 gallons)
or less, 30 kg (66 pounds) maximum net mass, or cylinders with a water capacity of 60 liters (16 gallons)
or less must be marked with characters at least 6 mm (0.24 inches) high. Packages with a maximum
capacity of 5 liters (1.32 gallons) or 5 kg (11 pounds) or less must be marked in a size appropriate for the
size of the package.
For domestic transportation, until January 1, 2017, the identification number markings are not subject to
the minimum size requirements.
For domestic transportation, a packaging manufactured prior to January 1, 2017 and permanently marked
25
with the appropriate identification number marking may continue in service until the end of its useful life
and are not subject to the minimum size requirements.
Marking must be durable, in English and printed on or affixed to the surface of a package or on a label,
tag, or sign. It must be displayed on a background of sharply contrasting color. It must be unobscured by
labels or attachments and located away from any other marking that could substantially reduce its
effectiveness. It must be located near the DOT label.
If non-bulk packaging containing a hazardous material will be transferred from one motor carrier to
another, and it is not part of full load being tendered from one consignor to one consignee, then it must
be marked with the name and address of the consignor or the consignee.
Each non-bulk package containing hazardous liquids in inner packaging must have orientation markings
affixed or preprinted on two opposite vertical sides with arrows indicating the upward direction of
closures. (See illustration below.)
Each non-bulk packaging containing a hazardous material described with a generic or N.O.S. proper
shipping name must be marked with the technical name(s) in parentheses in association with the proper
shipping name [per 49 CFR 172.301(b)].
If the proper shipping name for a material that is a hazardous substance does not identify the constituents
making it a hazardous substance, the name of the hazardous substance must be marked on non-bulk
packages, in parentheses, near the proper shipping name. If the material contains two or more hazardous
substances, at least the two hazardous substances with the lowest reportable quantities must be identified.
The letters “RQ” must also be marked in association with the proper shipping name on non-bulk
packages which contain a hazardous substance [per 49 CFR 172.324].
For materials poisonous by inhalation, the package must be marked "Inhalation Hazard" in association
with the required label(s) and shipping name. When the words "Inhalation Hazard" appear on the
POISON GAS or POISON-INHALATION HAZARD label, the "Inhalation Hazard" marking is not
required on the package.
A transport vehicle or freight container loaded with more than 2205 pounds (1000 kg) aggregate gross
weight of packages containing a material poisonous by inhalation must be marked on all four sides with
the identification number for the material. If the transport vehicle contains more than one material
poisonous by inhalation which requires the display of an identification number, then the transport vehicle
must be marked with the identification number of the Zone A material if one of the materials is in Zone
A and the others are in Zone B, or with the identification number of the material with the greatest
aggregate gross weight for different materials in the same hazard zone [172.313(c)(3)].
A transport vehicle or freight container that is loaded at one loading facility with 4,000 kg (8,820 lbs.) or
more of hazardous materials in non-bulk packagings must be marked on all four sides with the
26
identification number specified for the hazardous material when all of the hazardous materials have the
same proper shipping name and identification number and the transport vehicle contains no other
material, hazardous or non-hazardous.
A placard bearing an identification number may not be used to satisfy the placarding requirements unless
it is the correct identification number for all hazardous materials of the same class in the transport vehicle
or freight container. When different hazardous materials within a hazard class are present in a transport
vehicle or freight container, and the identification number of one of the materials must be displayed (e.g.,
a PIH material), the transport vehicle must bear placards for that hazard class without an identification
number plus either (1) a separate set of placards with the identification number or (2) the separate orange
panels or white square-on-point display configurations.
Each non-bulk packaging containing a material classed ORM-D must be marked on at least one side or
end with the ORM-D designation immediately following or below the proper shipping name of the
material. If the non-bulk ORM-D packaging is prepared for air shipment it must be marked ORM-D-AIR
[per 172.316(a)(1)]. The ORM-D designation must be placed with a rectangle that is approximately 0.25
inches larger than the designation in accordance with 49 CFR 172.316. The ORM-D marking is not
required for materials classed as ORM-D when they are unitized in cages, carts, boxes, or similar
overpacks and offered for transportation, or transported, by a private or contract motor carrier or a
common carrier vehicle under exclusive use for such service, from a manufacturer or a distribution center
to a retail outlet, or return.
The ORM-D classification and the “consumer commodity” proper shipping name are in the process of
being eliminated from the DOT Hazardous Materials Regulations. They will no longer be authorized as
of January 1, 2021. Materials previously meeting the definition of a consumer commodity will be
required to be shipped as limited quantities.
Shipping papers are no longer required for ground shipments of limited quantities, unless they are also a
hazardous substance, a hazardous waste or a marine pollutant. Shipping papers continue to be required
for air and vessel shipments.
Prior to January 1, 2021, either the limited quantity requirements or the ORM-D requirements may be
used.
A “limited quantity” or “LTD QTY” notation is still required for ocean shipments, but this notation is no
longer required for air shipments. Packages shipped by air are no longer required to be marked with the
words “Limited Quantity” or “Ltd Qty”.
The limited quantity marking is required for all modes of transportation. For limited quantity shipments
by ground or water, a diamond with black triangles in the top and bottom corners will be required
(minimum dimensions - 100 mm x 100 mm; minimum width of line forming diamond - 2 mm). Ground
and water shipments are not required to be marked with the proper shipping name, identification number
or to display hazard labels (except if toxic).
For limited quantity shipments by air, a diamond with black triangles in the top and bottom corners plus
the letter “Y” in the center is required. Limited quantity shipments by air must display hazard labels, be
marked with the proper shipping name and identification number in addition to the new limited quantity
marking.
27
Cargo transport units containing dangerous goods in only limited quantities must be marked with large
(250 mm x 250 mm) limited quantity marks on all four sides.
Limited quantity mark for ground & vessel shipments:
Limited quantity mark for air shipments:
Bulk Packaging:
Specifications and test dates must be verified by visual inspection of stencils on the ends and sides of
tank cars and on the specification plate of cargo tanks and portable tanks.
For bulk shipments, the four digit UN/NA identification number must be (a) incorporated into the
placards corresponding to the primary hazard class of a material (except radioactive or explosive
placards); (b) displayed on rectangular orange panels; or (c) displayed on plain white square-on-point
display configurations having the same outside dimensions as a placard [per 49 CFR 172.336(b)]. The
identification number must be marked on two opposite sides of bulk packaging with a capacity of less
than 1000 gallons and on each side and each end of packaging with a capacity of 1000 gallons or more
[per 49 CFR 172.302(a)(2)]. As indicated in 49 CFR 172.328(a), unless a cargo tank is already marked
with the required identification numbers, the shipper must provide the motor carrier with the
28
identification numbers on placards or must affix the required identification numbers to the cargo tank on
panels or placards prior to or at the time the hazardous material is offered for transportation.
Identification numbers must be displayed on each side and each end of transport vehicles or freight
containers from which the identification numbers on portable tanks or intermediate bulk containers are
not visible [per 49 CFR 172.326(c)(1) and 172.331(c)].
Portable tanks with a capacity of less than 1000 gallons must be marked on two opposing sides with the
proper shipping name of the material in letters measuring at least one inch high. Portable tanks with a
capacity of 1000 gallons or more must be marked on two opposite sides with the proper shipping name of
the material in letters measuring at least 2 inches high.
For transportation by vessel, the minimum height for a proper shipping name marked on a portable tank
is 65 mm (2.5 inches); except that portable tanks with a capacity of less than 3,000 L (792.52 gallons)
may reduce the marking size to not less than 12 mm (0.47 inches).
For domestic transportation, intermediate bulk containers are not required to be marked with the proper
shipping names.
The name of the owner or of the lessee, if applicable, must be displayed on a portable tank that contains a
hazardous material. For materials poisonous by inhalation, the package must be marked "Inhalation
Hazard" in association with the required labels or placards, as appropriate, or shipping name when
required. When the words "Inhalation Hazard" appear on the POISON GAS or POISON-INHALATION
HAZARD label or placard, the "Inhalation Hazard" marking is not required on the package.
Bulk packaging containing elevated temperature materials must be marked on two opposing sides with
the word “HOT” in black, or white Gothic lettering on a contrasting color.
Tank cars carrying certain commodities [materials listed in 172.330(a)(1)(ii)] must be marked with the
key words of the proper shipping name and most gases in cargo tanks [per 49 CFR 172.328(b)] must be
marked with the proper shipping name or with a common name authorized for the material on both sides.
Vehicles transporting portable tanks and intermediate bulk containers:
Identification numbers must be displayed on each side and each end of vehicles, such as pickup trucks or
tractor-trailers, which transport portable tanks and intermediate bulk containers (IBCs), even if the
portable tank or IBC displays them on only two sides. Either orange panels, placards with the
identification number across the center, or white square-on-point display configurations must be used.
Identification numbers need not be duplicated on those sides of a vehicle on which the portable tank or
IBC identification numbers are readily visible. (Also see the corresponding vehicle placarding
requirement in the "Placarding" section of this booklet.)
Marine Pollutant Mark:
The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is a diamond displaying a dead tree and a dead fish symbol.
29
MARINE POLLUTANT mark
Except when transported by vessel, the marine pollutant requirements do not apply to non-bulk
packaging.
Marine pollutants in non-bulk packaging which are shipped by vessel must display the MARINE
POLLUTANT mark on one side near the proper shipping name.
Except for transportation by vessel, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required on a bulk
packaging, freight container, or transport vehicle that bears a DOT hazard label or placard [per 49 CFR
172.322(d)(3)].
For transportation by vessel, bulk packaging with a capacity of 1000 gallons or more, transport vehicles,
or freight containers containing marine pollutants must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT
mark on all four sides. Bulk packaging with a capacity of less than 1000 gallons must be marked with
the MARINE POLLUTANT mark on at least two opposing sides or ends.
The MARINE POLLUTANT requirements do not apply to single or combination packagings containing
a net quantity per single or inner packaging of 5 L or less for liquids or having a net mass of 5 kg or less
for solids as long as the packagings meet the general packaging requirements of 173.24 and 173.22a.
This exception does not apply to marine pollutants that are a hazardous waste or a hazardous substance.
In the case of marine pollutants also meeting the criteria for inclusion in another hazard class, all
provisions relevant to any additional hazards continue to apply.
Package Specification Markings: (49 CFR Part 178 Subpart L)
Packaging that is required to conform to a UN standard must be marked in a durable and clearly visible
manner with the United Nations symbol (see illustration below)
(1) The package identification code for non-bulk packaging is as follows:
(a) A numeral indicating the type of packaging
“1” means a drum
“2” means a wooden barrel
30
“3” means a jerrican
“4” means a box
“5” means a bag
“6” means a composite packaging
“7” means a pressure receptacle
(b) A capital letter indicating the material of construction
“A” means steel (all types and surface treatments)
“B” means aluminum
“C” means natural wood
“D” means plywood
“F” means reconstituted wood
“G” means fiberboard
“H” means plastic
“L” means textile
“M” means paper, multiwall
“N” means metal (other than steel or aluminum)
“P” means glass, porcelain or stoneware
For composite packagings, so constructed that the inner receptacle and the outer packaging form an
integral packaging, two capital letters are used in sequence in the second position of the code, the first
indicating the material of the inner receptacle and the second that of the outer packaging. For example, a
plastic receptacle in a steel drum is designated "6HA1" (such as a glass bottle in a fiberboard box), only
the code number for the outer packaging is used for combination packaging.
(c) A numeral indicating the category of packaging within the type to which it belongs. (For
example, 1A1 refers to a non-removable head steel drum and 1A2 refers to a removable head
steel drum)
(2) A letter identifying the performance standard under which the packaging design has been successfully
tested, as follows:
“X” (for packaging meeting Packaging Group I, II, and III tests)
“Y” (for packaging meeting Packaging Group II, and III tests)
“Z” (for packaging meeting Packaging Group III tests)
(3) A designation of the specific gravity or mass for which the packaging design type has been tested, as
follows:
(a) Specific gravity for single packagings intended to contain liquids (may be omitted when the
specific gravity does not exceed 1.2).
(b) Gross mass in kilograms for packagings intended to contain solids or inner packagings.
(4) For liquids in single and composite packagings, the test pressure in kilopascals; for solids and inner
packagings, the letter “S”
(5) The last two digits of the year of manufacture, except plastic drums and jerricans, which must also
have the month of manufacture
(6) The letters of the country where testing was done (e.g. “USA”)
(7) The name and address or symbol registered with the U.S. Department of Transportation of the
manufacturer or the approval agency certifying compliance.
(8) The thickness in millimeters of metal and plastic drums and jerricans if they are intended for reuse
An example of the marking for a fiberboard box designed to contain inner packaging is:
31
4G/Y25/S/15/USA/M####
(1) The package identification code for intermediate bulk containers is as follows:
(a) A numeral indicating the type of packaging
"11" means a rigid intermediate bulk container for solids discharged by gravity
"13" means a flexible intermediate bulk container for solids discharged by gravity
"21" means a rigid intermediate bulk container for solids discharged under pressure
"31" means a rigid intermediate bulk container for liquids
(b) A capital letter indicating the material of construction (same as for non-bulk packaging)
(c) A numeral indicating the category of packaging within the type to which it belongs. (For
example, 31H1 refers to a rigid plastic IBC for liquids fitted with a metal frame or other type
of structural equipment needed for stacking, and 31H2 refers to a freestanding rigid plastic
IBC for liquids.
(2) A letter identifying the performance standard under which the packaging design has been
successfully tested (same as for non-bulk packaging).
(3) The month (designated numerically) and year (last two digits) of manufacture.
(4) The letters of the country where testing was done (e.g. “USA”)
(5) The name and address or symbol registered with the U.S. Department of Transportation of the
manufacturer or the approval agency certifying compliance.
(6) The stacking test load in kilograms.
(7) The maximum permissible gross mass, or, for flexible intermediate bulk containers, the maximum net
mass, in kilograms.
An example of the UN Specification markings required for a freestanding rigid plastic IBC for packing
group III liquids is:
31H2/Z/15
USA/M####/1200/400
Additional IBC Markings
The following additional markings are required near the UN Specification markings on intermediate bulk
containers:
Rigid plastic and composite IBCs  Rated capacity in liters of water at 68 F
 Tare weight in kilograms (1 kg = 2.205 lbs)
 Gauge test pressure in kPa (100 kPa = 14.5 psi)
 Date of last leakproofness test, if applicable (month and year)
 Date of the last inspection (month and year)
Metal IBCs  Rated capacity in liters of water at 68 F
 Tare weight in kilograms
 Gauge test pressure in kPa
 Date of last inspection (month and year)
 Maximum loading/discharge pressure, in kPA, if applicable
 Body material and its minimum thickness in mm
32
 Serial number assigned by the manufacturer
Fiberboard and Wooden IBCs
 Tare weight in kilograms
LABELING REQUIREMENTS
(49 CFR Part 172 Subpart E)
Each person who offers a non-bulk package or overpack containing a hazardous material for
transportation shall label it, when required, with labels prescribed for the material as specified in the
Hazardous Materials Table in 49 CFR 172.101 (duplicate labels are required on overpacks unless labels
representative of each hazardous material in the overpack are visible).
Some articles and substances present more than one hazard and must be labeled accordingly. Multiple
labels, if required, must be displayed next to each other. These articles and substances require subsidiary
risk label(s) as well as a primary hazard label. The hazard class or division number must be displayed in
the lower corner of labels.
The hazard class or division number must be displayed in the lower corner of labels.
Labeling is required for a hazardous material which meets one or more hazard class definition, in
accordance with Column 6 of the 49 CFR 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table and the following table:
Hazard Class or
Division
1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Flammable liquid. . . . . .
(Combustible liquid) . . . . . .
4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1 (Packing Group I, Zone A and B) . .
6.1 (other than inhalation hazard)*
6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 (see §172.403) . . . . . . . . .
7....................
7....................
7 (empty packages, see §173.428)
8....................
9.................. ..
Label Design
or Section
Reference (§)
EXPLOSIVE 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . .
172.411
EXPLOSIVE 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . .
172.411
EXPLOSIVE 1.3 . . . . . . . . . . .
172.411
EXPLOSIVE 1.4 . . . . . . . . . . .
172.411
EXPLOSIVE 1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . 172.411
EXPLOSIVE 1.6 . . . . . . . . . . . .
172.411
FLAMMABLE GAS . . . . . . . . .
172.417
NON-FLAMMABLE GAS . . . . .
172.415
POISON GAS . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
172.416
FLAMMABLE LIQUID . . . . . . . .
172.419
(none) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FLAMMABLE SOLID . . . . . . . . . .
172.420
SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE. . .
172.422
DANGEROUS WHEN WET . . . . . . .
172.423
OXIDIZER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
172.426
ORGANIC PEROXIDE . . . . . . . . . . .
172.427
POISON INHALATION HAZARD . . .
172.429
POISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
172.430
1
INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCE . . . . . . .
172.432
RADIOACTIVE WHITE -I . . . . . . . . .
172.436
RADIOACTIVE YELLOW-II . . . . . . . .
172.438
RADIOACTIVE YELLOW-III . . . . . . . .
172.440
EMPTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
172.450
CORROSIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
172.442
CLASS 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
172.446
Label Name
1
The ETIOLOGIC AGENT label specified in regulations of the Department of Health and Human Services at 42
CFR 72.3 may apply to packages of infectious substances.
Except for Class 1 and Class 2 materials, subsidiary hazard labels are required as indicated in the
33
following table even if they are not specified in the Hazardous Materials Table:
Subsidiary Hazard Labels
Subsidiary hazard level
(packing group)
I
II
III
Subsidiary Hazard (Class or Division)
3
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.1
x
x
*
***
x
x
***
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
6.1
8
x
x
x
x
x
x
x - Required for all modes
* - Required for all modes except for a material with a flash point at or above 38C
(100F) transported by rail or highway
** - Reserved
*** - Impossible as subsidiary hazard
There is no hazard label corresponding to the Combustible Liquid hazard class.
If a hazardous material is to be transported by air and the package being shipped is authorized only for
cargo aircraft, a CARGO AIRCRAFT ONLY label must be affixed to the package. (Note that a CARGO
AIRCRAFT ONLY label should not be used when a "Passenger Aircraft" Packing Instruction is
selected.)
All labels must be printed on or securely affixed to the package surface. The label(s) must appear near
the marked DOT proper shipping name and identification number. A label may be printed on or placed
on a securely affixed tag, or may be affixed by other suitable means to:
a) a package that contains no radioactive material and which has dimensions less than those of
the required label;
b) a cylinder; and
c) a package which has such an irregular surface that a label cannot be satisfactorily affixed.
Each hazard label must be at least 100 mm (3.9 inches) on each side with each side having a solid line
inner border 5 mm inside and parallel to the edge. The width of the solid line forming the inner border
must be at least 2 mm. If the size of the package so requires, the dimensions of the label and its features
may be reduced provided the symbol and other elements of the label remain clearly visible. The solid line
forming the inner border must remain 5 mm from the outside edge of the label and the minimum width of
the line must remain 2 mm. A label in conformance with the requirements in effect on December 31,
2014, may continue to be used until December 31, 2016. For domestic transportation, a packaging
labeled prior to January 1, 2017 and in conformance with the requirements in effect on December 31,
2014 may continue in service until the end of its useful life.
Unless cleaned and purged of the hazardous material, or filled with a non-hazardous material, packaging
containing the residue of a hazardous material (e.g. a drum) must remain marked, labeled, and must be
offered for transportation in the same manner as required when it previously contained a greater quantity
of hazardous material.
Whenever inner containers of differently classed materials are placed within the same outside container
34
or overpack, the outside containers/overpack must be labeled for each hazard class.
Except for Class 7, text on hazard labels (e.g. "FLAMMABLE LIQUID") is optional.
Either the word "TOXIC", "POISON", or no text may be displayed on POISON labels [per 49 CFR
172.430(b)]; either the words "INHALATION HAZARD" or no text may be displayed on POISON
GAS labels; and either the words "INHALATION HAZARD" or no text may be displayed on POISON
INHALATION HAZARD labels.
For ocean shipments which are made in accordance with the IMDG Code, old POISON GAS labels
(displaying the words “POISON GAS” or no text) and POISON labels may be substituted for the
POISON GAS and POISON INHALATION HAZARD labels, respectively, on packages transported in a
closed transport vehicle or freight container. The transport vehicle or freight container must be marked
with the identification number for the material poisonous by inhalation and placarded with new POISON
GAS or POISON INHALATION HAZARD placards, as appropriate.
The KEEP AWAY FROM FOOD label and placard have been eliminated and POISON labels and
placards are required for Division 6.1 Packing Group III poisonous materials. The text "PG III" is
authorized on the POISON hazard warning label or placard, as an option to "POISON" or "TOXIC", or as
a marking adjacent to the label.
SHIPPING PAPER REQUIREMENTS
(49 CFR Part 172 Subpart C)
The Department of Transportation requires that each person who offers a hazardous material for
transportation shall describe the hazardous material on a properly prepared shipping paper. The shipper
must retain the shipping paper for two years. The carrier must retain a copy of the shipping paper for one
year.
The basic purpose of shipping papers is to inform carriers and emergency response personnel about the
products being transported, the nature of the potential hazard, and also that the products are suitable for
shipment.
There are a number of acceptable forms of shipping papers recognized for shipment of hazardous
materials. The most common shipping papers for highway transportation are the Bill of Lading, the
Manifest, and the Hazardous Waste Manifest. The discussion relating to shipping papers will be
confined to a very brief explanation of each type and how the hazardous materials must be shown on
each form.
In general, shipping papers are required for all shipments of hazardous materials, regardless of size or
mode of transportation.
Except for shipments made in accordance with the 49 CFR 171.14(d)(2) intermixing provision,
hazardous materials proper shipping names, technical names and identification numbers marked on
packages must agree with the hazardous materials descriptions entered on shipping papers.
In most cases, shipping paper requirements even apply to empty packaging containing a residue of
hazardous material, including non-bulk packaging, tank cars, tank trucks, intermediate bulk containers,
35
and portable tanks. Several situations where shipping papers are not required involve the following
materials: consumer commodities [49 CFR 172.200(b)(3)]; limited quantities [49 CFR 172.200(b)(3)];
radioactive material limited quantities [49 CFR 173.421(a)]; most materials corrosive to metal only
(which are not regulated as hazardous materials under the conditions specified in 49 CFR 173.154(d));
empty/new packaging which has been pre-printed and pre-labeled [49 CFR 172.303(b)(1) and 49 CFR
172.401(d)]; and non-bulk packaging containing only the residue of a hazardous material when collected
and transported by a contract or private carrier for reconditioning, remanufacture or reuse [49 CFR
173.29(c)(2)].
Even when DOT shipping papers are not required, economic documents are still required for proper
handling and delivery to the customer as well as assessment of freight charges.
Bills of Lading
A bill of lading is the basic shipping paper for carriage for hire. It is a contract between the shipper and
carrier specifying the responsibilities of each party. This document is legally issued by the carrier to the
shipper, although in actual practice the shipper prepares the Bill of Lading
Manifests
A manifest is a document used primarily to identify hazardous materials when shipped in customer trucks
or the shipper’s trucks. This manifest meets the requirements of a “shipping paper” established by DOT.
Hazardous Waste Manifest
A hazardous waste manifest is a document specified by the EPA to be used to transport hazardous wastes
as identified by EPA. A hazardous waste manifest consists of at least 3 parts, signed by generator,
transporter(s), and disposal facility in each of their respective parts. This is a tracking document with an
extended retention period. The first section (of the 3) approximates the body of the bill of lading and
manifest previously described. Never destroy a hazardous waste manifest.
The basic description consists of the identification (ID) number, proper shipping name, hazard class and
packing group. These must be shown in sequence with no additional information interspersed. For
example, "UN2744, Cyclobutyl chloroformate, 6.1, (8,3), II."
Shipping papers used to transport hazardous materials must include the following information, in
sequence.
1.
Quantity expressed in number of packages, volume, weight, etc. must appear before or
after, or both before and after the basic description.
2.
The UN or NA identification number.
3.
The proper shipping name.
4.
Technical name(s) of material in parentheses for N.O.S. entries.
5.
The hazard class or division number.
6.
Except for combustible liquids, the subsidiary hazard class or subsidiary division number(s) must
be entered in parentheses following the primary hazard class or division number.
7.
Packaging Group, if applicable.
8.
Hazardous substance component(s) in parentheses and “RQ” designation, if applicable.
9.
The words “Poison-Inhalation Hazard” and “Zone A”, “Zone B”, “Zone C”, or “Zone D” if
applicable.
36
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Marine Pollutant component(s) in parentheses and “Marine Pollutant” notation, if applicable.
Special Permit number, if applicable (i.e., DOT SP-9827).
Shipper's certification.
Signature.
Trade name of product being shipped.*
Emergency response telephone number .
Container packing certificate, if applicable.**
*recommended information that will help emergency responders.
**49 CFR 176.27(c)(1) requires a container packing certificate for containerized ocean or
coastwise shipments. This certification may appear in a separate document or in a signed
statement provided on the dangerous goods shipping document.
HOW TO PROPERLY PREPARE A BILL OF LADING
The numbers shown below correspond to the numbers shown on the Bill of Lading found on the next
page.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Full name of carrier to whom the shipment is offered.
Shipper cross reference number.
City and State from which pickup is made.
Date - day, month, and year.
Full name of consignee to receive goods, street address of consignee, be specific so driver can
find customer, City of consignee, State of consignee, County of consignee.
If known, name of complete route for the shipment. Example: ABC Trucking c/o XYZ Trucking.
If known, name the carrier to make ultimate final delivery.
Number of packages for each description.
Type of packages, i.e., drums, cartons, etc.
Enter an “X” before the Proper Shipping Name of hazardous materials in the column
captioned “HM” (the “X” may be replaced by “RQ”, if appropriate).
A hazardous material must be described by its UN or NA identification number, proper shipping
name, hazard class or division number and Packing Grou (a few materials do not have a Packing
Group number). Other information which may be required is the technical name(s) in parentheses
for N.O.S. entries; “RQ” notation, and the reportable quantity component(s) in parentheses; the
words “Poison-Inhalation Hazard”, “Zone A”, “Zone B”, “Zone C”, or “Zone D”; “Marine
Pollutant” and the Marine Pollutant component(s) in parentheses; or “DOT-SP####”.
Freight description for each different article in the shipment.
Total quantity and unit of measure after each line of description.
Show to be prepaid, if freight to the account of shipper. Leave blank if shipping collect and the
charges are to be borne by the consignee.
Placard requirement - shipper must provide placards for truck shipment. Bill of Lading may be
stamped or typed "POISON PLACARDS PROVIDED”.
If charges are to be prepaid, indicate billing address.
For hazardous materials, the following shipper’s certification must be shown: “This is to certify
that the above named materials are properly classified, described, packaged, marked and labeled,
and are in proper condition for transportation according to the applicable regulations of the
Department of Transportation.”
Signature of a principal, officer, partner, or employee of the shipper or his agent.
37
19.
20.
21.
Carrier employee legibly signs his name and company.
Emergency response telephone number along with the name of the person identified with the
emergency response telephone number, or the name of the person who is registered with the
emergency response provider, immediately before, after, above or below the emergency response
telephone number in a prominent, readily identifiable and clearly visible manner
Product Trade name.
Shipper No. ___226023__2________
Date: __________4________________
____1___Trucking Company, Inc.____________
(Name of Carrier)
CONSIGNEE:
TO:
Agricultural Chemicals, Inc. 5
Somewhere, U.S.A.
Street ___________________________________
Destination _____________________________
Route: ______6_____7____________________
CONSIGNOR:
FROM:
Street ____________________________
___________________________________
Origin: Agricultural
3
Production, Inc.
Anywhere, U.S.A
No. of
Units
8 9
HM
10
Total
Quantity
5 Boxes
X
UN2786, ORGANOTIN PESTICIDES, SOLID, TOXIC, 6.1, PG II,
VENDEX© 50WP, AGRICULTURAL INSECTICIDE, N.O.I.
21
12
350 lbs.
1 Drum
X
UN2758, CARBAMATE PESTICIDES, LIQUID, FLAMMABLE,
TOXIC, 3, PG II, RQ (METHOMYL), LANNATE© LV,
AGRICULTURAL INSECTICIDE N.O.I.
400 lbs.
DESCRIPTION
11
13
FREIGHT CHARGES: 16
C.O.D. FEE PREPAID ___ COLLECT ___ 14
15
PLACARDED: YES ___ NO ___ AFFIXED ___ N/A ___
EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION:
GUIDEBOOK ___ MSDS ___ OTHER ___
20
IN CASE OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY
CALL 1-800-123-4567
I hereby declare that the contents of this
consignment are fully and accurately described
above by the proper shipping name, and are
classified, packaged, marked and
labeled/placarded, and are in all respects in
proper condition for transport according to
applicable international and national
governmental regulations. 17
Shipper signature and date:
18
...........................................................……..
Carrier signature and date:
19
...........................................................……..
Consignee signature and date:
..........................................................……...
PLACARDING REQUIREMENTS
38
(49 CFR Part 172 Subpart F)
NON-BULK PACKAGING
Any truck transporting 1,001 lbs. or more total gross weight of non-bulk packages of hazardous materials
listed in Table 2 must be placarded. Any quantity of Table 1 classed materials requires placards [49 CFR
172.504]. Placards for each hazard class must be:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Displayed on each side and each end of vehicle.
Visible from the direction they face.
Away from other markings by at least three inches.
Affixed with words and/or numbers displayed horizontally reading from left to right.
Extraneous information on placard-type displays is prohibited.
For package shipments other than Class 7, text on the placard indicating the hazard (for example
“FLAMMABLE”) is optional.
The following placarding rules apply to non-bulk packages containing hazardous materials listed in 49
CFR 172.504 Table 2:
1. Less than 1,001 lbs. of Hazardous Material - no placard required.
2. 1,001 lbs. or more of one hazard class - placard for that class.
3. 1,001 lbs or more of two or more hazard classes (none of which has 2205 lbs. or more loaded at one
facility), placard DANGEROUS, or optionally, placard for each class separately.
4. 2205 lbs. or more of any one hazard class loaded at one facility - placard for that class.
5. 2205 lbs. or more of any one hazard class loaded at one facility, plus less than 2205 lbs. of two or
more other hazard classes - placard for the 2205 lbs. class plus DANGEROUS, or placard for
each class.
6. 2205 lbs. or more of any one hazard class loaded at one facility, plus less than 2205 lbs. of one other
class - placard for each class.
Each placard must measure at least 250mm (9.84 inches) on each side and must have a solid line inner
border 12.5 mm inside and parallel to the edge. A placard in conformance with the requirements in effect
on December 31, 2014 may continue to be used until December 31, 2016.
For domestic transportation, a placard manufactured prior to January 1, 2017 in conformance with the
requirements in effect on December 31, 2014 may continue in service until the end of its useful life
provided the color tolerances are maintained.
BULK PACKAGING:
In general, bulk packaging must display placards on both sides and both ends and must remain placarded
when emptied unless reloaded with a non-regulated material or sufficiently cleaned of residue and purged
of vapors to remove any potential hazard, in which case the placards must be removed. The UN/NA
identification numbers must also be displayed either across the center of placards, on rectangular orange
panels, or on white square-on-point display configurations.
TANK TRUCKS: For cargo tanks, commonly known as tank trucks, the general bulk placarding
39
requirements listed above apply.
PORTABLE TANKS AND INTERMEDIATE BULK CONTAINERS: Portable tanks with a capacity
less than 1000 gallons must display the following on two opposing sides: (1) proper shipping names in 1"
high letters and identification numbers either on placards, orange panels or white square-on-point display
configurations; and (2) either labels or placards.
An intermediate bulk container (IBC) must either display (1) placards with identification numbers on two
opposing sides; or (2) a hazard label, identification number and proper shipping name on at least one
side.
For an IBC labeled instead of placarded in accordance with 172.514(c)(4), the IBC must display (1) the
proper shipping name [no minimum size is required for the proper shipping name per 173.301(a)]; and
(2) the UN identification number in letters and numerals at least 12 mm (0.47 inches) high [per
172.336(d) and 172.301(a)(1)]. An IBC with a capacity of less than 64 cubic feet (479 gallons) is only
required to be labeled on one side. An IBC with a capacity of 64 cubic feet or more must display labels
on at least two sides or two ends. Under the DOT Regulations, the proper shipping name and
identification number markings are only required on one side of an IBC.
Under the IMDG Code, an IBC having a capacity greater than 450 liters (119 gallons) must be marked
and labeled on two opposing sides.
Portable tanks with a capacity of 1000 gallons or more must be placarded on each side and each end.
VEHICLES TRANSPORTING PORTABLE TANKS AND INTERMEDIATE BULK CONTAINERS:
Except for CLASS 9 materials, placards must be displayed on each side and each end of vehicles, such as
pickup trucks or tractor-trailers, which transport portable tanks and intermediate bulk containers (IBCs),
even if the portable tank or IBC displays labels or placards on only two sides. Placards need not be
duplicated on those sides of a vehicle on which portable tank or IBC placards are readily visible. (Also
see the corresponding vehicle marking requirement in the "Marking" section of this booklet.)
TANK CARS: Tank cars containing a hazardous residue must remain placarded in the same manner as
when loaded unless they are reloaded with a non-regulated material, or sufficiently cleaned of residue
and purged of vapors to remove any potential hazard, in which case the placards must be removed.
As indicated in 49 CFR 172.506, the shipper must provide the motor carrier with the required placards
for the material being offered for transportation, unless the vehicle is already equipped with appropriate
placards. For rail shipments, the shipper must place the appropriate placards on the rail car, on trailers on
flat cars or containers on flat cars.
If a second shipper offers less than 1001 pounds of hazardous materials for transportation, bringing the
total gross weight of Table 2 placardable materials on the vehicle to 1001 pounds or more, then the truck
must be placarded in order for it to continue operating on the highway.
The hazard class or division number must be displayed in the lower corner of placards. Permanently
affixed subsidiary placards without the hazard class or division number in the lower corner may continue
to be used in domestic transportation by rail or highway with no expiration date as long as they continue
to meet the color requirements. (49 CFR 172.519(b)(4))
40
Except for Class 7 or OXYGEN placards, text on placards (e.g. "FLAMMABLE") is optional.
Each transport vehicle, portable tank, freight container or unit load device that contains a material which
has a subsidiary hazard of dangerous when wet must display DANGEROUS WHEN WET labels or
placards, as appropriate, in addition to any other labels or placards required for that material
[49 CFR 172.505(c)].
Each transport vehicle, freight container, portable tank, unit load device, or rail car that contains a
poisonous material subject to the “Poison Inhalation Hazard” shipping description requirement must
display POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS labels or placards, as appropriate, in
addition to any other labels or placards required for that material [49 CFR 172.505(a)]
Either the word "TOXIC", "POISON", or no text may be displayed on POISON placards [per 49 CFR
172.554(b)]; either the words "INHALATION HAZARD" or no text may be displayed on POISON GAS
placards; and either the words "INHALATION HAZARD" or no text may be displayed on POISON
INHALATION HAZARD placards.
PLEASE NOTE: Copies of DOT Chart 15, “Hazardous Materials Marking, Labeling & Placarding
Guide” are available from the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA),
Training Branch, in Washington, DC. For further information, contact PHMSA at (800) 467-4922, (202)
366-4488, or internet web sites https://hazmatonline.phmsa.dot.gov/services/pub_default.aspx and
http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat.
PLACARDING TABLES:
The following 49 CFR 172.504 Table 1 materials must be placarded regardless of quantity:
TABLE 1
Category of
Material
Placard Name
Placard Design
Section
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.3
4.3
5.2 (Type B, temp. controlled)
6.1 (PG I, inhalation hazard only)
7 (Radioactive Yellow III label only)
EXPLOSIVES 1.1
EXPLOSIVES 1.2
EXPLOSIVES 1.3
POISON GAS
DANGEROUS WHEN WET
ORGANIC PEROXIDE
POISON INHALATION HAZARD
RADIOACTIVE
172.522
172.522
172.522
172.540
172.548
172.552
172.555
172.556
Except for bulk packagings, placards are not required on a vehicle or container with less that 1,001
pounds aggregate gross weight of the following Table 2 materials:
TABLE 2
Category of
Material
Placard Name
Placard Design
Section
1.4
1.5
1.6
EXPLOSIVES 1.4
EXPLOSIVES 1.5
EXPLOSIVES 1.6
172.523
172.524
172.525
41
2.1
FLAMMABLE GAS
2.2
NON-FLAMMABLE GAS
3
FLAMMABLE
Combustible liquid
COMBUSTIBLE
4.1
FLAMMABLE SOLID
4.2
SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE
5.1
OXIDIZER
5.2 (Other than Type B, temperature controlled)
ORGANIC PEROXIDE
6.1 (other than PG I inhalation hazard)*
POISON
6.2
(None)
8
CORROSIVE
9
CLASS 9
ORM-D
(None)
172.532
172.528
172.542
172.544
172.546
172.547
172.550
172.552
172.554
(None)
172.558
172.560
(None)
(Note: For domestic transportation, a Class 9 placard is not required [per 49 CFR 172.504(f)(9)]. A bulk
packaging containing a CLASS 9 material must be marked with the appropriate identification number
displayed on an orange panel, a white square-on-point display configuration, or on a CLASS 9 placard.
In addition, non-bulk packaging that contains only limited quantities [49 CFR 172.500(b)(3)] or residues
[49 CFR 172.504(d)] of hazardous materials covered by Table 2 need not be included in determining the
placarding requirements.).
INTERMODAL CERTIFICATION
Any person or company within the United States who tenders a loaded container or trailer having a
projected gross cargo weight more than 29,000 pounds to a first carrier that is a motor carrier must
provide written notification of the projected gross cargo weight and a reasonable description of the
contents of the container or trailer. The notification may be communicated by electronic transmission,
telephone, or paper copy.
A bill of lading or any other shipping document prepared by the person who tenders a loaded container or
trailer qualifies as a certification if it includes the following information (though it need not be in the
order shown or even in a consecutive format):
(1) The actual gross cargo weight (including packing materials, pallets, and dunnage);
(2) A reasonable description of the contents of the container or trailer;
(3) The identity of the certifying party;
(4) The container or trailer number; and
(5) The date of certification, or transfer of data to another document for forwarding to the next
carrier.
If a separate document is used as a certification, it must be conspicuously marked “INTERMODAL
CERTIFICATION.” A copy of the certification is not required to accompany the loaded container or
trailer during intermodal transportation.
The certification requirements apply to any domestic or foreign person who first tenders a container or
trailer for intermodal transportation in the United States. The notification and certification requirements
do not apply to any intermodal container or trailer containing consolidated shipments loaded by a motor
carrier that performs all highway portions of the intermodal transportation or assumes responsibility for
any weight-related fine incurred by any other motor carrier that transports the loaded container or trailer.
The use of the term “Freight All Kinds” or “FAK,” as a reasonable description of the contents of the
container or trailer, is prohibited, if the weight of any one commodity is 20 percent or more of the total
42
cargo weight.
Carriers and intermediaries that receive a certification must forward it to the next carrier in the
intermodal chain. A carrier or intermediary that receives a certification may transfer the information into
a different document or convert a paper certification into an electronic format, for forwarding to a
subsequent carrier. The party transferring or converting the information must identify itself on the
forwarded document and give the date on which the information was converted or transferred. (See the
January 9, 1997 Federal Register for additional details.)
LOADING AND UNLOADING REQUIREMENTS
Motor Vehicles
Any tank, barrel, drum, cylinder, or other packaging not permanently attached to a motor vehicle which
contains any hazardous material must be secured to prevent movement within the vehicle while in transit.
Containers having valves or other fittings must be loaded so that there will be the minimum likelihood of
damage during transportation. It is important to note that empty packaging that contains the residue of a
hazardous material must be properly secured for transportation in the same manner as when it was fully
loaded.
The handbrake on the motor vehicle must be securely set and all other reasonable precautions must be
taken to prevent motion of the motor vehicle during loading or unloading [49 CFR 177.834(e)].
Any vehicle containing hazardous materials should remain placarded until cargo is unloaded. Bulk
packaging must remain placarded when emptied until it is sufficiently cleaned of residue and purged of
vapors or refilled with another material that removes any potential hazard. Placards must be removed
from a transport vehicle carrying non-bulk packages after all hazardous materials have been unloaded.
Cargo Tanks
Unless the engine of a cargo tank motor vehicle (tank truck) is used for the operation of a pump, or the
ambient atmospheric temperature is at or below 10 °F, Class 3 material (flammable liquid) may not be
loaded into or unloaded from any cargo tank motor vehicle while the engine is running [per 49 CFR
177.837(a)]. A similar rule applies to Division 2.1 material (flammable gas) transported in cargo tanks
[per 49 CFR 177.840(d)].
Some of the handling requirements for cargo tanks are as follows:
 The cargo tank material of construction must be compatible with the material being loaded;
 Verify that the cargo tank specification is authorized for the material being loaded;
 The cargo tank may not be loaded if test dates have expired;
 The hand brake must be set and wheels must be blocked;
 Verify that the tank is empty and clean prior to loading or that the residue is compatible with the
material being loaded;
 Cargo tanks containing flammables must be grounded;
 Verify proper outage;
 The vehicle must be continuously attended throughout the loading and unloading process;
 Check for leaks; and
 Secure all openings and fittings, even those not used during loading or unloading
43
Tank Cars
Some of the loading and unloading requirements for tank cars are as follows:
 The tank car material of construction must be compatible with the material being loaded;
 Verify that the tank car specification is authorized for the material being loaded;
 The tank car may not be loaded if test dates have expired;
 The hand brake must be set and wheels must be blocked;
 Verify that the tank is empty and clean prior to loading or that the residue is compatible with the
material being loading;
 A blue caution sign must be displayed whenever a tank car is connected;
 Tank cars containing flammables must be grounded;
 Verify proper outage;
 Tank cars must be continuously monitored until unloading is completed and unloading lines are
disconnected;
 Check for leaks; and
 Secure all openings and fittings, even those not used during loading or unloading
Poisons
Division 6.1 poisons and 2.3 poisonous gases are toxic to man. They should be handled carefully to avoid
exposure that would result from punctured or leaking containers.
A package bearing a POISON or POISON INHALATION HAZARD label may not be transported in the
same motor vehicle with material that is marked as or known to be foodstuff, feed or any edible material
intended for consumption by humans or animals unless the poisonous material is packaged in accordance
with the Hazardous Materials Regulations and is overpacked in a metal drum as specified in 49 CFR
173.25(c); or the poisonous material is packaged in accordance with the Hazardous Materials
Regulations and is loaded into a closed unit load device and the foodstuffs, feed, or other edible material
is loaded into another closed unit load device.
A motor carrier may not transport a package bearing a POISON label displaying the text “PG III” or
bearing “PG III” mark adjacent to the POISON label with materials marked or known to be foodstuffs,
feed, or any other edible material intended for consumption by humans or animals unless separated as
required in 49 CFR 177.841(e)(3).
Packages bearing or required to bear a POISON, POISON GAS, or POISON INHALATION HAZARD
label may not be transported in the driver’s compartment (including a sleeper berth) of a motor vehicle
[49 CFR 177.841(e)(2)].
Incompatibles
To avoid the possibility of any violent chemical reaction, CORROSIVES, OXIDIZERS or
FLAMMABLE SOLIDS must not be stored or loaded above, below, or adjacent to each other (see the
Segregation Table in 49 CFR 177.848).
Fire Precautions
44
Extreme care should be taken in the loading and unloading of FLAMMABLE MATERIALS or
OXIDIZING MATERIALS to keep fire away and to prevent persons in the vicinity from smoking,
lighting matches, or carrying any lighted cigar, pipe or cigarette.
CUSTOMER PICKUP LOADING AND BRACING RECOMMENDATIONS
This recommendation covers the loading and bracing of all crop protection products being transported
via customers’ and distributors’ trucking equipment. It is intended to give guidance to warehouse
personnel concerning customer vehicle qualification, safe loading and bracing of packaged products in
motor carrier equipment.
In addition to complying with all applicable laws and regulations, companies should implement other
responsible practices to protect the environment, the health and safety of its employees, customers and
communities.
Following is a summary of recommendations from the IRCC Transportation and Distribution Committee
member companies.
1. All transportation equipment should be inspected prior to transport of product. If found
unsatisfactory, it should be rejected immediately!
2. Product pickups should be made only in acceptable motor vehicle equipment (e.g., tires in good
condition, adequate means to secure the cargo, no cracks in the windshield on the driver’s side, no
protrusions from the flooring, vehicle side walls extend at least as high as the cargo, unless the
material is adequately secured with tie downs, etc.)
3. Plant pickups or third part transporter pickups are not recommended and may be prohibited by
certain manufacturers.
4. All orders should have a specific quantity, be consistent with load limitations of the truck used, and
have a scheduled pickup date.
5. Flatbed equipment with adequate side racks or adequate tie downs is acceptable unless prohibited by
state laws.
6. During inclement weather, such as ice, snow, rain, high winds, etc., only suitable equipment should
be loaded to ensure that the product is protected.
7. Materials should not extend above the sides of open-top vehicles. Unless the material is adequately
secured with tie downs, it should be broken down to a level not to exceed the height of the vehicle’s
side-walls.
8. Crop protection products should not be loaded with products intended for human or animal
consumption.
LEAKING CONTAINERS
Guidelines for the safe and proper handling of leaking containers:
1.
2.
3.
Never offer leaking containers for transportation.
Never transport leaking containers beyond the nearest safe location.
Always replace with new packaging or repair and overpack a leaking container in a D.O.T.
(Salvage Drum) overpack container before transporting it.
45
Once discovered, a leaking container is “out of service” until it is made safe for transportation in
accordance with 177.854(b)
If a consignee forces the driver back on the highway with a leaking container still on board, the consignee
is in violation for causing a leaker to be transported in violation of DOT regulations. The consignee is
now considered a responsible party to the incident and thus liable for penalties under DOT or possible
punitive damages if someone is injured or killed after the leaking containers left the consignee’s dock.
Leakers pose serious personal safety and environmental threats and can subject companies to steep
penalties unless they comply with all relevant D.O.T. and E.P.A. regulations. Never offer leaking
containers for transportation.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION
(49 CFR Part 172 Subpart G)
In addition to the emergency response telephone number on the shipping paper, emergency response
information must accompany hazardous materials shipments during transportation and be maintained at
facilities where hazardous materials are loaded for transportation, stored incidental to transportation or
otherwise handled during any phase of transportation.
This information may be in the form of the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook, an MSDS, or another
document. It must include:
(1) The basic description and technical name of the hazardous material
(2) Immediate hazards to health
(3) Risks of fire or explosion
(4) Immediate precautions to be taken in the event of an accident or incident
(5) Immediate methods for handling fires
(6) Initial methods of handling spills or leaks with no fire
(7) Preliminary first aid measures
A 24-hour emergency response telephone number must be listed on each hazardous material shipping
paper. This number must be answered by a knowledgeable person who has comprehensive emergency
response information at hand for the materials being shipped, or by someone who has immediate access
to such a person.
Each carrier who transports or accepts for transportation a hazardous material for which a shipping paper
is required must instruct the operator of a motor vehicle, train, aircraft, or vessel to contact the carrier in
the event of an incident involving the hazardous material. For transportation by highway, if a transport
vehicle contains hazardous material for which a shipping paper is required, identification numbers are
not displayed on the vehicle, and the vehicle is separated from its motive power and parked at a location
other than a consignee/s, consignor/s or carrier’s facility, then the front of the transport vehicle must be
marked with the telephone number of the motor carrier near the brake hose and electrical connections or
on a label, tag or sign attached to the vehicle at the brake hose or electrical connection; or the shipping
paper and emergency response information must be readily available on the transport vehicle [49 CFR
172.606(b)].
46
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS
(49 CFR Part 387)
For the requirements of the Department of Transportation regarding coverage limits and evidence of
financial responsibility for those carriers of hazardous materials, refer to 49 CFR 387.7 and 387.9. No
motor carrier may transport hazardous materials unless it maintains the minimum levels of financial
responsibility specified in the 49 CFR 387.9 “Schedule of Limits” Table.
SCHEDULE OF LIMITS
(Public Liability)
Type of carriage*
Commodity transported
January 1, 1985
(1) For -hire (In interstate or foreign
foreign commerce....
Property (nonhazardous)
$ 750,000
(2) For-hire and Private (In interstate
foreign, or intrastate commerce)
Hazardous substances, as defined in 49 CFR 171.8
transported in cargo tanks, portable tanks, or hoppertype vehicles with capacities in excess of 3,500 water
gallons; or in bulk Class A or B explosives, poison gas
or compressed gas; or highway route controlled qunatity
radioactive materials as defined in 49 CFR S173.403...
5,000,000
(3) For-hire and Private (In interstate
or foreign commerce in any hazardous quantity) or (in intrastate
commerce: in bulk only.......
Oil listed in 49 CFR 172.101; hazardous waste,
materials and hazardous substances defined
in 49 CFR 172.101, but not mentioned in (2) above or
(4) below........................................................
1,000,000
(4) For-hire and Private (In interstate
or foreign commerce)
Any quantity of Class A or B explosives; any quantity
of poison gas (Poison A); or highway route controlled
quantity radioactive materials as defined in 49 CFR 173,403
5,000,000
*Note. - The type of carriage listed under numbers (1), (2), and (3) apply to vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or
more. The type of carriage listed under number (4) applies to all vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 10,000 pounds.
MATERIALS OF TRADE EXCEPTIONS
(49 CFR 173.6)
A material of trade is a hazardous material carried on a motor vehicle (1) to protect the health and safety
of the motor vehicle operator or passengers; (2) to support the operation or maintenance of a motor
vehicle; or (3) by a private motor carrier in direct support of a principal business that is other than
transportation by motor vehicle (e.g., sales samples; gasoline for lawn mowers; compressed gas cylinders
for welding; etc.). When transported by motor vehicle in conformance with the material of trade
provisions, a hazardous material is not subject to any other requirements.
Each material of trade must be packaged in the manufacturer's original DOT authorized packaging, or a
packaging of equal or greater strength and integrity. Metal or plastic safety cans conforming to 29 CFR
1910.106(d)(2) & 1926.152(a)(1) of the OSHA regulations are authorized under the materials of trade
exceptions for gasoline. All materials of trade packages must be securely closed, secured against
movement and protected against damage.
A cylinder or other pressure vessel containing a Division 2.1 or 2.2 material shipped under the materials
47
of trade exceptions must conform to packaging, qualification, maintenance and use requirements of the
HMR, except that outer packagings are not required, or must be permanently mounted tanks of not more
than 70 gallons capacity manufactured to ASME standards for non-liquefied non-flammable compressed
gases with no subsidiary hazard. It is not necessary for gauges to be removed or protective caps to be in
place. Manifolding of cylinders is authorized provided all valves are tightly closed.
Outer packagings are not required for receptacles (e.g., cans and bottles) that are secured against
movement in cages, carts, bins, boxes or compartments [per 173.6(b)(3)]. Therefore, a salesperson may
transport an open box containing inner receptacles as long as they are secured against movement.
A non-bulk packaging other than a cylinder (including a receptacle transported without an outer
packaging) must be marked with a common name or proper shipping name to identify the material it
contains, including the letters "RQ'' if it contains a reportable quantity of a hazardous substance.
The operator of a motor vehicle that contains a material of trade must be informed of the presence of the
hazardous material and must be informed of the material of trade requirements.
Materials which are explosive, radioactive, self-reactive, Category A infectious substances, poisonous by
inhalation, or hazardous wastes are not authorized under the materials of trade exceptions.
Packages containing materials of trade are limited to a maximum gross weight or maximum capacity as
follows:
1. A Class 3, 8, 9, Division 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, or ORM-D material contained in a packaging having a gross
mass or capacity not over -- (i) 0.5 kg (1 pound) or 0.5 L (1 pint) for Packing Group I materials; (ii) 30 kg
(66 pounds) or 30 L (8 gallons) for Packing Group II, Packing Group III, or ORM-D materials; (iii) 1500
L (400 gallons) for a diluted mixture, not to exceed 2 percent concentration, of a Class 9 material;
2. Division 4.3 materials in Packing Group II or III contained in a packaging having a gross capacity not
exceeding 30 ml (1 ounce);
3. Division 2.1 or 2.2 material in a cylinder with a gross weight not over 100 kg (220 pounds), in a Dewar
flask meeting the requirements of 173.320, or a permanently mounted tank manufactured to the ASME
Code of not more than 70 gallon water capacity for a non-liquefied Division 2.2 material with no
subsidiary hazard;
4. A Division 6.2 material, other than a Category A infectious substance, contained in human or animal
samples being transported for research, diagnosis, investigational activities, disease treatment or
prevention, or is a biological product or regulated medical waste - The material must be contained in a
combination packaging. For liquids, the inner packaging must be leak proof, and the outer packaging
must contain sufficient absorbent material to absorb the entire contents of the inner packaging. For
sharps, the inner packaging must be constructed of a rigid material resistant to punctures and securely
closed to prevent leaks or punctures, and the outer packaging must be securely closed to prevent leaks or
punctures. For other than regulated medical waste, the amount of Division 6.2 material in a combination
packaging may not exceed 0.5 kg (1.1 pound), or 0.5 L (17 ounces) per inner packaging and the gross
mass or capacity of the outer packaging may not exceed 4 kg (8.8 pounds) or 4 L (1 gallon); or the gross
mass or capacity of a single packaging may not exceed 16 kg (35.2 pounds) or 16 L (4.2 gallons). For a
regulated medical waste, inner packagings of combination packagings may not exceed 4 kg (8.8 pounds)
or 4 L (1 gallon), and the gross mass or capacity of the outer packaging may not exceed 16 kg (35.2
pounds) or 16 L (4.2 gallons).
5. The Materials of Trade exceptions do not apply to a material which is self-reactive (see 173.124),
poisonous by inhalation (see 173.133), a Class 7 (radioactive) substance, instrument or article, or a
hazardous waste.
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6. Other than Division 4.3 and Class 7 materials, a limited quantity package prepared in accordance with
the Hazardous Materials Regulations limited quantity requirements for that material.
Materials of trade may be transported on a motor vehicle with other hazardous materials and still be
authorized under the materials of trade provisions. Except for diluted mixtures of Class 9 materials not
exceeding 2 percent concentration, the maximum gross weight of all materials of trade on a motor vehicle
may not exceed 200 kg (440 pounds).
INTRASTATE AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS
(49 CFR 173.5)
Farmers who are intrastate private motor carriers are exempted from the Hazardous Materials
Regulations when transporting hazardous materials, other than Class 2 (compressed gas), over local
roads between fields of the same farm when the movement of the agricultural product conforms to
requirements of a State statute or regulation in effect before October 1, 1998.
Farmers who are intrastate private motor carriers are exempted from the emergency response information
and hazmat employee training requirements when transporting agricultural products to or from the farm
(a) within 150 miles of the farm; (b) the total amount of agricultural product being transported on a single
vehicle does not exceed (i) 16,094 lbs. of ammonium nitrate fertilizer in a bulk packaging properly
classed as Division 5.1, PG III; or (ii) 502 gallons (liquids or gases) or 5070 lbs. (solids) of any other
agricultural product; (c) the packaging conforms to requirements of a State statute or regulation in effect
before October 1, 1998; and (d) each person having any responsibility for transporting or preparing the
agricultural product for shipment has been instructed in these requirements. When a farmer picks up
pesticides, shipping papers and placards must be provided by the dealer. Shipping papers and placards
may also be required when pesticides are returned to the dealer.
A private carrier transporting anhydrous ammonia in a nurse tank exclusively for agricultural purposes
is excepted from certain tank specification requirements per 49 CFR 173.315(m).
TRANSPORTATION AND UNLOADING OF LIQUEFIED COMPRESSED GASES
(49 CFR 173.315; 177.840; 180.416; 180.417)
Special inspection, maintenance and testing for cargo tank discharge systems (including delivery hose
assemblies) and attendance requirements are applicable to the transportation and unloading of liquefied
compressed gases. These requirements apply to liquefied petroleum gas and anhydrous ammonia to take
account of certain unique operating characteristics. The special attendance requirements provide a
greater level of confidence that a qualified person attending the unloading operation can quickly identify
and stop an unintentional leak.
The requirements provide a clear performance standard for cargo tank passive emergency discharge
control equipment that shuts down unloading operations without human intervention. There must also be
a remote capability for a person attending the unloading to shut off the flow of product during delivery
for certain cargo tanks.
Cargo tank motor vehicles must be equipped with emergency discharge control equipment that complies
49
with the performance standards. These requirements are intended to reduce the risk of an unintentional
release of liquefied compressed gas during unloading and assure prompt detection and control of a
release.
FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY REGULATIONS
(49 CFR Parts 382 to 397)
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSR) were developed and are enforced by the Federal
Motor Carrier Safety Administration to ensure that large vehicles and any vehicle used to transport
placardable quantities of hazardous materials are in good mechanical condition and their drivers are
qualified to operate those vehicles safely on the highways. Commercial motor vehicles with a Gross
Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR), a Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR) or an actual weight of
10,001 pounds or more; vehicles designed to transport 16 passengers or more including the driver;
vehicles used to transport hazardous materials in a quantity requiring placarding; and their drivers are
subject to the FMCSR.
In addition to the basic FMCSR requirements, drivers of commercial motor vehicles with a GVWR or
GCWR of 26,001 pounds or more; with a GCWR of 26,001 pounds or more inclusive of the trailer;
designed to tranport 16 passengers or more, including the driver; or transporting hazardous materials in a
quantity requiring placarding must have a Commercial Driver's License (CDL) and are subject to the
DOT Drug and Alcohol Program (49 CFR Part 382 and 383). A CDL with a hazmat endorsement is
required for the operation of a vehicle which is required to be placarded for hazardous materials.
At least once every 12 months, each motor carrier must make an inquiry into the driving record of each
driver it employs to the appropriate agency of every State in which the driver held a commercial motor
vehicle operator’s or permit during the time period [49 CFR 391.25(a)].
Driver Qualification Files (DQF) must be maintained for each commercial motor vehicle driver. DQF
must contain each of the following items:
(a) Application for Employment [49 CFR 391.21 & 391.51(b)(1)];
(b) Request for Information from Previous Employer [49 CFR 391.23(c); 391.51(b)(2) & 382.413];
(c) Record and Certificate of Road Test [49 CFR 391.51(b)(3)];
(d) Medical examiner's certificate* (current & previous) [49 CFR 391.51(b)(7)];
(e) Verification that driver is in the U.S. DOT Drug & Alcohol program [in Driver Qualification File or
in other appropriate records; 49 CFR 382.601(d)];
(f) Record of Violations* [filled out by driver once per year; 49 CFR 391.27 & 391.51(b)(6)];
(g) The responses of State agencies* [49 CFR 391.25(c)] and past employers [49 CFR 391.23(c)] to the
motor carrier's inquiries concerning the driver's driving record and employment;
(h) Annual Review of Driving Record* [filled out by company once per year; 49 CFR 391.25(b)]; and
(i) A copy of the driver's current driver's license [49 CFR 391.33(b) & 391.51(b)(3)].
* These records may be removed from the driver’s qualification file three years after the date of
execution [391.51(d)]
In addition, the following items must either be in the driver's personnel file, a separate drug and alcohol
file, or in the Driver Qualification File:
(a) Request for Check of Driving Record within 30 days of employment [49 CFR 391.23(b)];
(b) Employment Eligibility Verification [Form I-9]; and
50
(c) Drug and alcohol test results [49 CFR 382.401].
Each driver's qualification file must be kept at the motor carrier's principal place of business for as long
as a driver is employed by that motor carrier and for 3 years thereafter.
A farm vehicle exception eliminates the need for certain farm vehicle drivers to comply with some
provisions of the FMCSR, as long as the vehicle is operated in private motor carriage to transport
agricultural products, farm machinery and/or farm supplies to or from a farm within 150 air-miles of the
farmer's farm, and it is not used to transport placardable quantities of hazardous materials. Farm vehicle
drivers qualifying for this exception are not required to have Driver Qualification Files, and most states
have waived the requirement for a farm vehicle driver to have a CDL.
Hours of service rules for drivers of property-carrying vehicles:
Drivers of property-carrying vehicles are prohibited from driving (1) more than 11 hours following 10
consecutive hours off duty; (2) 14 hours after the driver began work; (3) after having been on duty 60
hours in any 7 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier does not operate commercial motor
vehicles every day of the week; or (4) after having been on duty 70 hours in any period of 8 consecutive
days if the employing motor carrier operates commercial motor vehicles every day of the week. Drivers
are allowed to restart the 60- or 70-hour clock after taking 34 consecutive hours off duty.
Hours of service rules for drivers of passenger-carrying vehicles:
Drivers of passenger-carrying vehicles are prohibited from driving (1) more than 10 hours following 8
consecutive hours off duty; (2) for any period after having been on duty 15 hours following 8 consecutive
hours off duty; (3) after having been on duty 60 hours in any 7 consecutive days if the employing motor
carrier does not operate commercial motor vehicles every day of the week; or (4) after having been on
duty 70 hours in any period of 8 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier operates commercial
motor vehicles every day of the week.
100 Air-Mile Radius Driver
Drivers are exempt from maintaining driver hours of service logs if (1) they operate within a 100 air-mile
radius of the normal work reporting location; (2) they return to their work reporting location and are
released from work within 12 consecutive hours; (3) they do not exceed 11 hours maximum driving time
following 10 consecutive hours off duty for property-carrying CMV drivers or 10 hours maximum
driving time following 8 consecutive hours off duty for passenger-carrying CMV drivers; (4) at least 10
consecutive hours off duty separate each 12 hours on duty for property-carrying CMV drivers or at least
8 consecutive hours off duty separate each 12 hours on duty for passenger-carrying CMV drivers; and (5)
the company maintains accurate time records for the past 6 months showing the time the driver reports,
total number of hours on duty each day, time the driver is released from duty each day, and the total time
for the preceding 7 days for drivers used for the first time or intermittently.
150 Air-Mile Radius Property-Carrying Driver Who Does Not Require A CDL
Property-carrying drivers who do not require a CDL are exempt from maintaining driver hours of service
logs if (1) they operate within a 150 air-mile radius of the normal work reporting location; (2) they return
to their normal work reporting location and are released from work at the end of each duty tour; (3) they
do not exceed 11 hours maximum driving time following 10 consecutive hours off duty; (4) at least 10
51
consecutive hours off duty separate each on-duty period; (5) they do not drive after the 14th hour after
coming on duty on 5 days of any period of 7 consecutive days; (6) they do not drive after the 16th hour
after coming on duty on 2 days of any period of 7 consecutive days; (7) they do not drive after having
been on duty for 60 hours in 7 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier does not operate
commercial motor vehicles every day of the week; (8) they do not drive after having been on duty for 70
hours in 8 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier operates commercial motor vehicles every day
of the week and (9) the company maintains accurate time records for the past 6 months showing the time
the driver reports, total number of hours on duty each day, time the driver is released from duty each day,
and the total time for the preceding 7 days for drivers used for the first time or intermittently. Drivers are
allowed to restart the 60- or 70-hour clock after taking 34 consecutive hours off duty.
Driver-salesperson driver hours of service exception [49 CFR 395.1(c)]:
A Driver salesperson is a person employed by a private carrier who is engaged both in selling goods,
services, or the use of goods, and in delivering by commercial motor vehicle the goods sold or provided
or upon which the services are performed, who does so entirely within a radius of 100 miles of the point
at which he/she reports for duty, who devotes not more than 50% of his/her hours on duty to driving time
{determined on a weekly basis}.
The maximum driving time provisions {11 hours maximum driving time; 14 hours maximum on-duty
time; 60 hours maximum on-duty time in 7 days; 70 hours maximum on-duty time in 8 days} do not
apply to a driver salesperson whose total driving time does not exceed 40 hours in any period of 7
consecutive days.
Under the Driver-salesperson driver hours of service exception, log sheets or time records are still
required.
On-duty time includes all time spent in any work capacity, both driving and non-driving, including office
work. This includes all work for a private motor carrier, plus any compensated work for other
businesses.
An employer must be able to produce either driver logs or time records for the past 6 months for all
drivers, including farm vehicle drivers and those who only drive occasionally or only drive a few miles at
a time [49 CFR 395.8(k)].
Agricultural operations driver hours of service exception [49 CFR 395.1(k)]:
The hours of service requirements {maximum hours provisions; logs/time records} do not apply to
drivers transporting agricultural commodities or farm supplies for agricultural purposes in a State if such
transportation is limited to an area within a 100 air mile radius from the source of the commodities or the
distribution point for the farm supplies, and is conducted during the planting and harvesting seasons
within such State, as determined by the State.
On-duty time includes all time spent in any work capacity, both driving and non-driving, including office
work. This includes all work for a private motor carrier, plus any compensated work for other
businesses.
An employer must be able to produce either driver logs or time records for the past 6 months for all
drivers, including farm vehicle drivers and those who only drive occasionally or only drive a few miles at
52
a time [49 CFR 395.8(k)].
DOT Driver and Vehicle Requirements
1. A copy of the current Certificate of Registration issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation
Research and Special Programs Administration (PHMSA) or another document bearing the
registration number identified as the "U.S. DOT Hazmat Reg. No." must be carried on board each
truck and truck tractor (not including trailers and semi-trailers) used to transport hazardous materials
subject to the registration requirements. The Certificate of Registration or another document bearing
the registration number must be made available, upon request, to enforcement personnel [Per 49 CFR
107.620(b)]
2. A DOT Emergency Response Guidebook, or equivalent emergency response information, must be
immediately available for use at all times that a hazardous material is present [Per 49 CFR
172.600(c)(1)]
3. Each driver must have on his person the original, or a photographic copy, of a medical examiner's
certificate that he is physically qualified to drive a motor vehicle [Per 49 CFR 391.41(a)]
4. Drivers shall retain a copy of each record of duty status for the previous 7 consecutive days which
shall be in his/her possession and available for inspection while on duty [Per 49 CFR 395.8(K)(3)]
5. Documentation that the vehicle has successfully passed a periodic inspection at least once during the
preceding 12 months must be on the vehicle [Per 49 CFR 396.17(c)]
6. Drivers License [Per 49 CFR 383.23(a)(2)]
7. No commercial motor vehicle shall be driven unless the driver is satisfied that the following parts
and accessories are in good working order, nor shall any driver fail to use or make use of such parts
and accessories when and as needed: brakes; steering mechanism; lighting devices and reflectors;
8. Tires; horn; windshield wiper or wipers; rear-vision mirror or mirrors; coupling devices [Per 49 CFR
392.7]
9. Before driving a commercial motor vehicle, the driver must review the last vehicle inspection report,
which should be carried on the power unit, and sign the report only if it is certified that any noted
defects or deficiencies have been repaired [Per 49 CFR 396.13]
9. Every driver is required to prepare a report in writing at the completion of each day's work on each
vehicle operated [Per 49 CFR 396.11]
10. No person may transport oil subject to the DOT oil spill prevention and response plan requirements
unless a readily available document indicating that the shipment contains oil is in the possession of
the transport vehicle operator during transportation [Per 49 CFR 130.11(b)]
11. A driver of a motor vehicle containing a hazardous material, and each carrier using such a vehicle,
shall ensure that the shipping paper is readily available to, and recognized by, authorities in
the event of an accident or inspection [Per 49 CFR 177.817(e)]. Specifically, the driver and
carrier shall:
(a) Clearly distinguish the shipping paper, if it is carried with other shipping papers or other
papers of any kind, by either distinctively tabbing it or by having it appear first [Per 49 CFR
177.817(e)(1)]; and
Store the shipping paper as follows [Per 49 CFR 177.817(e)(2)]:
(i) When the driver is at the vehicle’s controls, the shipping paper shall be: (A) Within his
immediate reach while he is restrained by the lap belt; and (B) either readily visible to a
person entering the driver’s compartment or in a holder which is mounted to the inside of
the door on the driver’s side of the vehicle.
(ii) When the driver is not at the vehicle’s controls, the shipping paper shall be:
(A) In a holder which is mounted to the inside of the door on the driver’s side of the
53
vehicle; or
(B) on the driver’s seat in the vehicle.
12. Each bulk transport vehicle containing any quantity of a hazardous material must be placarded on
each side and each end [Per 49 CFR 172.504(a) and 49 CFR 172.506(a)(1)].
13. Every power unit must be equipped with a fire extinguisher that is properly filled and located so that
it is readily accessible for use [Per 49 CFR 393.95(a)].
14. At least one spare fuse for each kind and size used.
15. Every power unit must be equipped with reflective triangles, fuses or flares in the event a vehicle is
disabled [Per 49 CFR 393.95(f)].
16. Each commercial motor vehicle must be marked on both sides with the carrier’s name and the US
DOT ID number [49 CFR 390.21].
17. A copy of Form MCS-90, “Endorsement For Motor Carrier Policies of Insurance for Public
Liability Under Sections 29 and 30 of the Motor Carrier Act of 1990” must be located in each
commercial motor vehicle if traveling interstate [49 CFR 387.7(f)]. If traveling intrastate, the MCS-90
must be at the terminal of the vehicle. The best business practice is to have the MCS-90 on the vehicle.
Vehicle maintenance records [49 CFR 396.3(b)].
Safety Performance History Of New Drivers
(49 CFR 391.23)
Each motor carrier must make an investigation of the driver’s safety performance history with
Department of Transportation regulated employers during the preceding three years (§ 391.23(a)(2)).
After 30 days from beginning employment, the employee may not be used to operate a CMV unless the
responses to the investigation requests are received and placed in the appropriate file, or documentation
of a good faith effort to obtain such data is placed in that file.
The prospective employer must notify the driver in writing of his or her review, correction and rebuttal
rights in the hiring process. § 391.23(i) indicates that this notification may occur anytime prior to a
hiring decision being made, but it must be made in writing to all applicants, including those not hired.
This could be done as part of the employment application the driver signs.
Drivers who have previous Department of Transportation regulated employment history in the preceding
three years, and wish to review previous employer-provided investigative information must submit a
written request to the prospective employer, which may be done when applying or as late as 30 days after
being employed or being notified of denial of employment. The prospective employer must provide this
information to the applicant within five (5) business days of receiving the written request or of receiving
the requested safety performance history information.
The Driver Investigation History file could be combined with the alcohol and controlled substances
response file in order to minimize any additional costs imposed on motor carriers.
DOT Applications for Employment must indicate whether (a) the applicant was subject to the FMCSRs
while employed by that previous employer, and (b) the job was subject to 49 CFR part 40 drug and
alcohol testing in any DOT regulated mode.
A copy of the driver record(s) obtained in response to the inquiry or inquiries to each State driver record
54
agency must be placed in the driver qualification file within 30 days of the date the driver's employment
begins. If no driving record exists from the State or States, the motor carrier must document a good faith
effort to obtain such information, and certify that no record exists for that driver in that State. The inquiry
must be made in the form and manner each agency prescribes.
The driver investigation history file must include: (1) a copy of the driver's written authorization for the
motor carrier to seek information about a driver's alcohol and controlled substances history as required
under § 391.23(d); and (2) a copy of the response(s) received for investigations required by paragraphs
(d) and (e) of § 391.23 from each previous employer, or documentation of good faith efforts to contact
them. The investigation may consist of personal interviews, telephone interviews, letters, or any other
method for investigating that the carrier deems appropriate. The record must include the previous
employer's name and address, the date the previous employer was contacted, or the attempts made, and
the information received about the driver from the previous employer. Failures to contact a previous
employer, or of them to provide the required safety performance history information, must be
documented. The record must be maintained pursuant to § 391.53.
The safety performance histories received from previous employers for a driver who is hired must be
retained for as long as the driver is employed by that motor carrier and for three years thereafter.
For drivers with no previous employment experience working for a DOT regulated employer during the
preceding three years, documentation that no investigation was possible must be placed in the driver
history investigation file within the required 30 days of the date the driver's employment begins.
The prospective motor carrier must investigate, at a minimum, the following information:
(1) General driver identification and employment verification information (such as name, date-of-birth,
social security number, starting and ending employment dates and job responsibilities).
(2) The data elements as specified in § 390.15(b)(1) for accidents involving the driver that occurred in
the three-year period preceding the date of the employment application.
(i) Any accidents as defined by § 390.5.
(ii) Any accidents the previous employer may wish to provide that are retained pursuant to
§390.15(b)(2), or pursuant to the employer's internal policies for retaining more detailed minor
accident information.
391.23(g) requires all previous employers to respond to each request for a driver's record within 30 days.
Responses are required even in the absence of data on accidents, or alcohol and controlled substances
abuse. Previous employers must keep a record of each request and the response for one year, including
the date, the party to whom it was released, and a summary of what was provided.
Drivers are required by § 395.13(d)(3) to notify their employer of having received a driver out-of-service
order for an hours-of-service violation. Motor carriers are then required by § 395.8(k)(1) to retain such
data for 6-months. Under § 396.9(d)(3), motor carriers are required to retain a copy of inspection reports
they receive from the driver order for 1-year.
Motor carriers must maintain an accident register for three years after the date of each accident.
Drivers wishing to request correction of erroneous information in records received pursuant to §391.23(i)
must send the request for the correction to the previous employer that provided the records to the
prospective employer. Within five business days of receiving a rebuttal from a driver, the previous
employer must: (1) forward a copy of the rebuttal to the prospective motor carrier employer; and (2)
55
append the rebuttal to the driver's information in the carrier's file, to be included as part of the response
for any subsequent investigating prospective employers for the duration of the three-year data retention
requirement.
Minimum Training Requirements For Entry-Level Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers
(49 CFR 380.503)
Mandatory training requirements have been established on four specific topics for entry-level operators
of commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) who are required to hold or obtain a commercial driver's license
(CDL).
Entry-level driver training must include instruction addressing the following four areas:(a) Driver
qualification requirements. The Federal rules on medical certification, medical examination procedures,
general qualifications, responsibilities, and disqualifications based on various offenses, orders, and loss
of driving privileges (part 391, subparts B and E of this subchapter). (b) Hours of service of drivers. The
limitations on driving hours, the requirement to be off-duty for certain periods of time, record of duty
status preparation, and exceptions (part 395 of this subchapter). Fatigue countermeasures as a means to
avoid crashes. (c) Driver wellness. Basic health maintenance including diet and exercise. The
importance of avoiding excessive use of alcohol. (d) Whistleblower protection. The right of an employee
to question the safety practices of an employer without the employee's risk of losing a job or being
subject to reprisals simply for stating a safety concern (29 CFR part 1978).
An entry-level driver is an individual who began operating a CMV in interstate commerce for any
employer on or after July 20, 2003. All entry-level drivers must receive the required minimum training
before driving a CMV.
Upon completing the required minimum training, the employer must give each entry-level driver it trains,
or ensure the training provider gives each entry-level driver, a copy of the training certificate. Each
employer that uses an entry-level driver that has been trained by a training provider other than the
employer must obtain a copy of the training certificate from the driver or training provider and must
retain a copy of the training certificate in the entry-level driver's personnel file or qualification file.
The employer must keep the records specified in § 380.505 for as long as the employer employs the
driver and for one year thereafter.
The training provider must provide a training certificate or diploma to the entry-level driver. The
certificate or diploma must contain the following seven items of information: (a) Date of certificate
issuance; (b) Name of training provider; (c) Mailing address of training provider; (d) Name of driver; (e)
certification that the driver has completed training requirements set forth in the Federal Motor Carrier
Safety Regulations for entry-level driver training in accordance with 49 CFR 380.503; (f) The printed
name of the person attesting that the driver has received the required training; and (g) The signature of
the person attesting that the driver has received the required training.
Protection Against Shifting And Falling Cargo
(49 CFR Part 393)
The aggregate working load limit of any securement system used to secure articles against movement
must be at least one-half times the weight of the article or group of articles.
56
The working load limit of a tie down, associated connector or attachment mechanism is the lowest
working load limit of any of its components or the anchor points to which it is attached, whichever is
less. Anchor points are not required to be marked with load ratings.
The working load limits of tie downs may be determined by using either the tie down manufacturer's
markings or by using the tables in 49 CFR 393.108 when the tie down material is not marked by the
manufacturer with the working load limit.
Synthetic cordage (e.g., nylon, polypropylene, polyester) which is not marked or labeled to enable
identification of its composition or working load limit shall be considered to have a working load limit
equal to that for polypropylene fiber rope.
Welded steel chain which is not marked or labeled to enable identification of its grade or working load
limit shall be considered to have a working load limit equal to that for grade 30 proof coil chain.
Wire rope which is not marked by the manufacturer with a working load limit shall be considered to have
a working load limit equal to one-fourth of the nominal strength listed in the Wire Rope Users Manual.
Wire which is not marked or labeled to enable identification of its construction type shall be considered
to have a working load limit equal to that for 6 x 37, fiber core wire rope.
Friction mats which are not marked or rated by the manufacturer shall be considered to provide
resistance to horizontal movement equal to 50 percent of the weight placed on the mat.
 Drivers must inspect the cargo and the securement devices within the first 50 miles.
 Drivers must examine the cargo and load-securing devices during the trip and make adjustments
when necessary to maintain the security of the load. Reexamination and any necessary
adjustments must be made whenever (i) The driver makes a change of his/her duty status; or
(ii) The commercial motor vehicle has been driven for 3 hours; or
(iii) The commercial motor vehicle has been driven for 150 miles, whichever occurs first.
If there was no practicable opportunity to inspect the cargo securement system because the container was
sealed by the shipper with strict instructions to the carrier not to open the container, or the commercial
motor vehicle that has been loaded in a manner that makes inspection of its cargo impractical, then the
driver would not be required to inspect the cargo securement system (per 49 CFR 392.9(b)(4)).
The FMCSA agrees that there are many loads that can be safely transported in a van type vehicle, using
correct loading patterns, without any additional forms of securement.
Drivers must assure themselves that cargo is properly distributed and adequately secured before
operating a commercial motor vehicle when it is practical to inspect the load.
Tie downs and securing devices must not contain knots.
If a tie down is repaired, it must be repaired in accordance with the applicable standards in 49 CFR
393.104(e), or the manufacturer's instructions
57
Each tie down must be attached and secured in a manner that prevents it from becoming loose,
unfastening, opening or releasing while the vehicle is in transit.
All tie downs and other components of a cargo securement system used to secure loads on a trailer
equipped with rub rails, must be located inboard of the rub rails whenever practicable.
Edge protection must be used whenever a tie down would be subject to abrasion or cutting at the point
where it touches an article of cargo. The edge protection must resist abrasion, cutting and crushing.
Articles of cargo that are likely to roll must be restrained by chocks, wedges, a cradle or other equivalent
means to prevent rolling. The means of preventing rolling must not be capable of becoming
unintentionally unfastened or loose while the vehicle is in transit.
Articles or cargo placed beside each other and secured by transverse tie downs must either:
(i) Be placed in direct contact with each other, or
(ii) Be prevented from shifting towards each other while in transit.
When an article is not blocked or positioned to prevent movement in the forward direction by a header
board, bulkhead, other cargo that is positioned to prevent movement, or other appropriate blocking
devices, it must be secured by at least:
(1) One tie down for articles 5 feet or less in length, and 1,100 pounds or less in weight;
(2) Two tie downs if the article is:
(i) 5 feet or less in length and more than 1,100 pounds in weight; or
(ii) Longer than 5 feet but less than or equal to 10 feet in length, irrespective of the weight.
(3) Two tie downs if the article is longer than 10 feet, and one additional tie down for every
10 feet of article length, or fraction thereof, beyond the first 10 feet of length.
If an individual article is required to be blocked, braced or immobilized to prevent movement in the
forward direction by a header board, bulkhead, other articles which are adequately secured or by an
appropriate blocking or immobilization method, it must be secured by at least one tie down for every 10
feet of article length, or fraction thereof.
These rules do not apply to a vehicle transporting one or more articles of cargo such as machinery or
fabricated structural items (e.g., steel or concrete beams, crane booms, girders, and trusses, etc.) which,
because of their design, size, shape, or weight, must be fastened by special methods. However, any
article of cargo carried on that vehicle must be securely and adequately fastened to the vehicle.
Each tie down, or its associated connectors or attachment mechanisms must be designed, constructed,
and maintained so the driver of an in-transit commercial motor vehicle can tighten them. However, this
requirement does not apply to the use of steel strapping.
For articles of cargo that are in contact with the front end structure of the vehicle, the front end structure
must extend either to a height of 4 feet above the floor of the vehicle or to a height at which it blocks
forward movement of any item of article of cargo being carried on the vehicle, whichever is lower.
The front end structure must have a width which is at least equal to the width of the vehicle or which
blocks forward movement of any article of cargo being transported on the vehicle, whichever is narrower.
58
The front end structure must be capable of withstanding the following horizontal forward static load:
(1) For a front end structure less than 6 feet in height, a horizontal forward static load equal to one half
(0.5) of the weight of the articles of cargo being transported on the vehicle uniformly distributed over the
entire portion of the front end structure that is within 4 feet above the vehicle's floor or that is at or below
a height above the vehicle's floor at which it blocks forward movement of any article of the vehicle's
cargo, whichever is less; or
(2) For a front end structure 6 feet in height or higher, a horizontal forward static load equal to fourtenths (0.4) of the weight of the articles of cargo being transported on the vehicle uniformly distributed
over the entire front end structure.
The front end structure must be designed, constructed, and maintained so that it is capable of resisting
penetration by any article of cargo that contacts it when the vehicle decelerates at a rate of 20 feet per
second, per second. The front end structure must have no aperture large enough to permit any article of
cargo in contact with the structure to pass through it.
These requirements may be met by the use of devices performing the same functions as a front end
structure, if the devices are at least as strong as, and provide protection against shifting articles of cargo
at least equal to, a front end structure conforming to those requirements.
Heavy equipment or machinery with crawler tracks or wheels must be restrained against movement in the
lateral, forward, rearward, and vertical direction using a minimum of four tie downs. Each of the tie
downs must be affixed as close as practicable to the front and rear of the vehicle, or mounting points on
the vehicle that have been specifically designed for that purpose.
59
DOT HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS INDEX
Accepting manufacturer's certification
Accident reporting (telephone)
Accident reporting (written)
Additional shipping paper information
Agricultural operations - intrastate transportation
Air shipping paper authorized for highway or rail
Anhydrous ammonia nurse tanks
Approvals
Arrows
Attendance (tank car transloading operations)
Attendance (Truck)
Authorization to use ICAO, TDG and IMDG Code
Basic description
Blocking and bracing required
Broken or leaking packages
Bulk packaging not eligible for 1001 lb. placarding exception
Bulk petroleum oil shipments
CARGO AIRCRAFT ONLY label
Cargo tank general requirements
Cargo tank test and inspection frequency
Cargo tank test and inspection markings
Class 3 and Division 6.1 – new classification criteria mandatory Jan 1, 2012
Class 3 replaced by Combustible Liquid
CLASS 9 placard not required for domestic transportation
Class names are optional
Classification different than shown in table
Closed in accordance with written closure instructions
Closed in the same manner as tested
Closed in the same manner as tested
Closure instructions
Combustible liquids
COMBUSTIBLE placards not required for non-bulk packagings
Compatibility of material with packaging
Consolidated packaging
Continued use of outdated product labels for 1 year
Conversion factors
Corrosive to steel or aluminum only
Cylinder retesting frequency
Cylinder retesting frequency
DANGEROUS placard
Definitions
De minimis exceptions
DOT Special Permit number marked on package
DOT Special Permit - shipping paper notation
DOT Special Permit - use of packaging manufacturer exemption
DOT Special Permit - application requirements
DOT Special Permit - application for renewal
60
173.22(a)(3)
171.15
171.16
172.201(a)(4)
173.5
171.24(a)
173.315(m)
107.701
172.312(a)(2)
174.67(i)
177.834(i)
171.22(a)
172.202(b)
177.834(a)
177.854(b)
172.504(c)
130.31(a)
172.407(c)(2)
173.33
180.407(c)
180.415
171.14(g)
172.101(d)(4)
172.504(f)(9)
172.202(a)(3)(iii)
172.101(c)(12)(i)
178.601(b)
173.22(a)(4)
178.602(a)
178.2(c)
173.150(f)(2)
172.500(b)(6)
173.24(e)
172.404(b)
172.101(l)(ii)
171.10(c)
173.154(d)
173.34(e)
173.34(e)(16)
172.504(b)
171.8
173.4b
172.301(c)
172.203(a)
173.22a(b)
107.105
107.109
Driver training requirements
Dry ice
Dry ice
Elevated temperature materials
Emergency Response information
Emergency Response telephone number
Empty packagings
Empty packaging shipping description
Engine off during loading and unloading flammable liquid
Engine off during loading and unloading flammable gas
Equivalent thickness of metal corresponding to mild steel
Equivalent thickness of metal corresponding to stainless steel
Export shipments - RQ required
FLAMMABLE placard in place of COMBUSTIBLE placard
Forbidden Materials
Fumigant Marking
Functions not subject to the HMR
General labeling requirements
General marking requirements - bulk
General marking requirements - non-bulk
General packaging requirements
General placarding requirements
Generic descriptions authorized as technical names
Handbrake set on motor vehicle
Hazard class definitions
Hazardous Materials Information Center
Hazardous Materials Table
Hazardous substance list
Hazardous substance shipping paper requirements
Hazardous waste manifest
Hazardous wastes in open head drums
"HOT" marking may remain on residue that has cooled
ICAO Technical Instructions acceptable
Identification no. may not be displayed on subsidiary placards
Identification number markings
Identification no. not req’d on package for limited quantity
Identification no. req'd on vehicles transporting portable tanks
IM portable tanks filled at least 80% of capacity
IMDG Code acceptable
IMDG Code acceptable
Imported packages from Mexico
Importer's responsibility
In sequence
Incident reporting requirement for HM's
Inconsistency ruling
Index to Hazard Class Definitions
Infectious substance - definition
Infectious substance/etiologic agent - labeling
Intermediate bulk container maximum capacity
61
177.816
175.10(a)(13)
173.217
172.203(n)
172.600
172.201(d)
173.29
172.203(e)
177.837(a)
177.840(d)
IMDG Code 6.7.2.4.6
173.24b(b)
171.23(b)(5)
172.504(f)(2)
173.21
173.9(c)
171.1(d)
172.400
172.302
172.301
173.24
172.504
171.8
177.834(e)
173.2
105.20(a)(1)
172.101
172.101 Appendix A
172.203(c)
172.205
173.12(a)
173.29(g)
171.22(a)
172.332(c)(3)
172.332
172.301(a)(1)
172.326(c)(2)
173.32(f)(5)
176.11(a)
171.22(a)
171.12(b)
171.22(f)(1)
172.202(b)
171.16
107.201
173.2
173.134
172.400 footnote
178.700(c)(1)
Intermediate bulk container capacity range
Intermediate bulk container filling limits
Intermediate bulk container general requirements
Intermediate bulk container markings
Intermediate bulk container testing
Intermediate bulk container retest and inspection
Lab waste exception
Label placement
Labeled instead of placarded
Labels - display of hazard class or division numbers
Labels printed or placed on a securely affixed tag
Letter "A" in Column 1 of Hazardous Materials Table
Limited quantity
Limited quantity
Limited quantity tray packs
Liquefied compressed gases in cargo tanks
Liquid nitrogen in Dewar flasks
Marine pollutant list
MARINE POLLUTANT mark - not required on certain bulk packaging
Marine pollutant - not applicable to non-bulk packages except by vessel
Markings must be durable, in English
Materials of trade exceptions
May accept information provided by another offeror
Metal drums embossed (bottom) & marked (top or side)
Mixed packaging
Mixtures and solutions
More than one UN Specification marking is permitted on a packaging
Most appropriate proper shipping name
Multiple hazards
Name and address of shipper or receiver
Name of hazardous substance and the letters "RQ"
National Response Center
No hazardous material on outside of package
No placard req'd if <1001# (most HM's in pkgs)
Non-bulk packaging for liquids may be filled with solids
Non-hazardous even if labeled for international shipment
Non-hazardous when markings are not visible
Non-hazardous even if placarded for international shipment
Non-hazardous even if listed in table
Number and type of packages
Nurse tanks - special placarding provision
Ocean shipping paper authorized for highway
Oil spill prevention and response plans
Organic peroxide – new label and placard mandatory Jan 1. 2011
Outage
Outage
Outage
"Over" classification prohibited
"Over" labeling prohibited
62
178.705-710(d)
173.35(l)
173.35
178.703
178.800
180.352
173.12(b)
172.406(c)
172.514(c)
172.402(b)
172.406(b)
172.101(b)(2)
172.101 Tbl. Col. (8a)
172.203(b)
173.156(b)(2)
173.315
173.320
172.101 Appendix B
172.322(d)(3)
171.4(c)
172.304(a)(1)
173.6
171.2(b)
178.503(a)(10)
172.404(a)
172.101(c)(10)
178.3(c)
172.101(c)(12)(ii)
173.2a
172.301(d)
172.324
171.15
173.24a(b)(5)
172.504(c)(1)
173.24a(b)(3)
172.401(c)
172.303(b)
172.502(b)(1)
172.101(c)(12)(iv)
172.202(a)(7)
172.507(b)
171.25(a)
Part 130
171.14(f)
173.24(b) & (h)
173.24a(d)
173.24b(a)
172.202(e)
172.401(a)
"Over" marking prohibited
"Over" marking prohibited
"Over" placarding prohibited
Overpacks
Packaging closed in accordance with written closure instructions
Packaging closed in the same manner as tested
Package must be closed in the same manner as tested
Packaging manufacturer written closure instructions
Packaging manufacturer responsibilities
Packing group not assigned to certain materials
Penalties - civil
Penalties - criminal
Penalty baseline assessments
Permissive placarding
Placard color may extend to the edge of most placards
Placarded instead of labeled
Placarding exception - low pressure cryogenic gas
Placarding for certain materials regardless of quantity
Placarding Table 1 & Table 2
Placards must be visible
Placards - display of hazard class or division numbers
Placards - display of identification numbers
Placards not req'd for non-bulk packaging containing residue
Placards shall be affixed to bulk packagings by shipper
Placards shall be affixed to rail car by shipper
Placards shall be provided to motor carriers
Placement of labels near proper shipping name
"Poison" or "poisonous" may be substituted for "toxic"
Poison-inhalation hazard marking
Poison-inhalation hazard placarding
Poison-inhalation hazard threshold test
Poison-inhalation hazard shipping paper notation
Poisons prohibited from driver's compartment
Poisons segregated from food
Poisons shipped with food if overpacked
Polyethylene packaging compatibility
Polyethylene packaging compatibility
Portable tank manufacturer's data report
Portable tank placarding
Portable tanks containing residue must remain placarded
Portable tanks - labeled on at least two sides or ends
Portable tanks - PSN & I.D. number
Portable tanks and IBCs - labels instead of placards
Portable tanks and IBCs - placards instead of labels
Precedence of hazard table
Pressure requirements for transportation by air
Prefix "mono" is optional
Pressure loading/unloading of flammables prohibited
Pressure loading/unloading of flammables prohibited
63
172.334(b)
172.303(a)
172.502(a)
173.25
178.601(b)
173.22(a)(4)
178.602(a)
178.2(c)
178.2
172.101(f)
107.329
107.333
Part 107 Subpart D Appd. A
172.502(c)
172.519(d)(4)
172.400(a)(2)
173.320(a)
172.504 Table 1
172.504(e)
172.516(a)
172.519(b)(4)
172.332(c)(3)
173.29(c)(1)
172.514(a)
172.508(a)
172.506(a)
172.406(a)
172.101(c)(3)
172.313(a)
172.505
173.133(b)(2)
172.203(m)
177.841(e)(2)
177.841(e)(1)
173.25(c)
173.24(e)
Part 173 Appendix B
180.605(1)
172.514
172.514(b)
172.406(e)(4)
172.326
172.514(c)
172.400(a)(3)
173.2a
173.27(c)
172.101(c)(7)
173.24b(c)
173.33(b)(3)
Proper shipping name & identification number package marking
Proper shipping name in singular or plural
Proper shipping name marked on tank cars
Proper shipping name marked on cargo tanks
Radioactive Limited Quantity plus other hazard
Radioactive material empty label
Radioactive material labels req'd on 2 sides
Radioactive material labels req'd on 2 sides
Radioactive material limited quantities
Radioactive materials definitions
Radioactive Limited Quantity plus other hazard
Radioactive materials marking requirements
Radioactive materials shipping paper requirements
Radioactive materials - Table of A1 and A2 values
Radioactive materials - Type A package
Radioactive materials - Type A package tests
Radioactive materials - Type B package
Radioactive materials - Type 7A test documentation
Radioactive materials - Type A package tamper evident seal
Rail car caution signs
Rail car caution signs
Registration and fee assessment
Reportable Quantity (RQ)
Requirement to comply with 49 CFR
Requirement to comply with 49 CFR
Requirement to comply with 49 CFR
Residue: Last contained
Reuse of drums
Reuse of packaging for hazardous waste
RQ percentage table
Rules of construction
Salvage drums
Sample classification
Securement to prevent relative motion between container.
Securement to prevent relative motion between containers.
Security plans
Segregation of materials likely to cause danger if mixed
Segregation table - highway
Segregation table - rail
Segregation table – water
Sequence of qualifying words
Self-reactive materials
Shipper must provide placards to motor carrier
Shipper's certification
Shipping paper accessibility
Shipping papers not req'd for non-bulk packaging residue
Signature - manually/typewritten/other mechanical means
Size of hazard class or division number on labels
Size of UN Specification letters and numerals
64
172.301(a)
172.101(c)(1)
172.330(a)(1)(ii)
172.328(b)
173.423
173.428(d)
172.406(e)
172.403(f)
173.421
173.403
173.423
172.310
172.203(d)
173.435
173.412
173.465
173.413
173.415(a)
173.412(a)
173.31(g)(2)
174.67(a)(4)
107.601
172.203(c)(2)
173.22(a)
173.1(b)
171.2(b)
172.203(e)
173.28(b)(4)
173.12(c)
171.8
171.9
173.3(c)
172.101(c)(11)
177.834
393.100
178.800
173.21(e)
177.848
174.81
176.83(b)
172.101(c)(4)
173.124(a)(2)(i)
172.506(a)
172.204(a)(1)&(2)
177.817(e)
173.29(c)(2)
172.204(d)
172.407(c)(3)
178.3(a)(4)
Size of markings for bulk packagings
Size of markings for non-bulk packagings not specified
Size of markings for portable tanks
Small quantities exception
Solids authorized in packaging for liquids
Some materials placarded regardless of quantity
Special Permits
Specific packaging requirements
Specific gravity greater than marked for less dangerous Packing Group
Stabilized materials
Stretch wrap as an outer packaging for limited quantities
Subsidiary hazard labels
Subsidiary placarding permitted even when not required
Subsidiary placards
Supplementary packagings within an outer packaging
Tank car caution signs
Tank car caution signs
Tank car examination before shipping
Tank car loading and unloading
Technical names for generic descriptions
Technical or chemical group names in parentheses
Text not required on most labels
Text not required on most placards
Total quantity
Training applicability
Training requirements
Transition provisions
Truck length, width and weight limitations
UN markings on metal drum - durable (top or side)/permanent (bottom)
UN markings on top or side if greater than 66 lbs.
UN packaging identification codes
UN packaging periodic testing
UN packaging testing
UN packaging selective testing variations (e.g., “V” marking)
Units of measure
Vehicular tunnels
Unsafe broken packages
Venting of packages
Vibration standard for non-bulk packaging
Vibration test for IBCs
Word "waste" preceding the proper shipping name
Written information must be provided to forwarding agent
MISCELLANEOUS CONVERSION FACTORS
65
172.302(b)
172.304(a)(1)
172.326(a)
173.4
173.24a(b)(3)
172.504 Table 1
107.105
Part 173
173.24a(b)(1)
173.21(f)
173.25(b)
172.402(a)
172.505(d)
172.519(b)(4)
173.24©(ii)(2)
173.31(g)(2)
174.67(a)(4)
173.31(d)
173.31(g)
172.203(k)
172.202(d)
172.405(a)
172.519(b)(3)
172.202(a)(5)
172.702
172.704
171.14
23 CFR Part 658
178.503(a)(10)
178.3(a)(5)
178.502
178.601(e)
178.600
178.601(g)
171.10
177.810
177.854(e)
173.24(g)
178.608
178.819
172.101(c)(9)
171.22(f)
1 teaspoon = 5 milliliters (ml)
1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons
1 ounce (oz) = 2 tablespoons = 29.6 ml
1 cup = 8 oz
1 meter (m) = 3.281 feet (ft)
1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimeters (cm)
1 cubic foot (ft3) = 1728 cubic inches (in3) = 28.32 liters (L)
1 gallon (gal) = 3.785 L = 128 oz
1 liter = 1000 ml
1 cubic meter (m3) = 1000 L
1 pound (lb) = 453.6 grams (g)
1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2046 lbs
1 milligram (mg) = 1000 micrograms (µg)
1 bar = 100 kilopascals (kPa) = 14.5 pounds per square inch (psi)
1 atmosphere = 14.7 psi = 760 mm mercury
1 gram-mole of vapor = 22.414 liters
1 millipascalsecond (mps) = 1 centipoise (cp)
1 curie (Ci) = 37 gigabecquerels (GBq)
1 terabecquerel (TBq) = 1000 GBq
centi (c) = 10-2
milli (m) = 10-3
micro (µ) = 10-6
nano (n) = 10-9
deka (da) = 10
kilo (k) = 103
mega (M) = 106
giga (G) = 109
tera (T) = 1012
1 millirem/hour = 0.01 mSv/hour
75,000 psi = 51.7 deka-newtons per square millimeter (daN/mm2)
1 deka-newton (daN) = 10 newtons (N)
°F = (°C x 9/5) +32
°C = (°F – 32) x 5/9
66