Figures
Figure 1: Overview of the Pan-Tropic Assessment
Figure 2: Extent of tropical forest biomes and pan-tropical modeling domain
Figure 3 Construction of the Biological Distinctiveness Index (BDI)
Figure 4 Biological Distinctiveness Index for the Tropical Forest Biomes (WWF’s BDI)
Figure 5 Global Conservation Status for the Tropical Forest Biomes
Figure 6 Basin share of total globally or regionally high BDI areas within tropical forest biomes
Figure 7 Share by basin of globally or regionally high BDI within the tropical forest biomes
Figure 8 Basin share of total critical and endangered areas within the tropical forest biomes
Figure 9 Share by basin of critical or endangered areas within the tropical forest biomes
Figure 10 Biological Distinctiveness Index (BDI) for the tropical forest biomes
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Define geographic and ecological scope
of pan-tropical assessment:
1. Tropical forest biomes (tfb’s)
2. Basins containing tfb’s
3. Terrestrial biodiversity (at least initially)
Scenarios
Formulate land cover change scenarios
for the pan-tropics (0.5 degree
resolution):
* Change within tropical forest biomes only
* Four scenarios
Threats to habitat and biodiversity:
* Loss and fragmentation of habitat
* Loss of endemic species/species diversity
* Disruption of ecosystem function
(e.g. loss of water purification/de-toxification
capacity, fish migration)
* …….
Species,
Conservation,
& Threat
Data (WWF)
Ecoregion and
Biodiversity
Databases
(WWF 2000-03)
Changes in biodiversity and conservation status:
* extent, contiguity and fragmentation of
remaining forest cover
* biodiversity distinctiveness (mammal, bird and
plant species counts for richness/endemism)
of areas lost/remaining
* loss of rare/unique “phenomena”
Develop
Analytical
Scenarios
Threats to hydological function:
* Disruption of domestic, agricultural and
industrial water supply
* Increased flooding, erosion, landslide risks
* Decreased effluent dilution capacity at low flows
* …….
Global
Hydrological
Model
(WBM UNH)
Model
Parameterization &
Calibration
Climatology
* Long term av. monthly(1950-90)
* Monthly time series (1950-95)
Changes in hydrological response in watersheds/
basins containing tropical forest biome extents:
* Mean and T year annual flows
* Mean and T year highest monthly flow
* Mean and T year lowest monthly flows
* High/Low flow ratios
Mapped and tabular summary of potential impacts
Outcomes/
Impacts
* By scenario
* By forest biome & ecoregion
* By river stretch
* By downstream population served/threatened
* By extent and population of flood plain
* By major city in flood plain
* By basin
(* By major inland water body/estuary/coastal zone)
Population,
Biodiversity,
Flood Plain,
City Data
Figure 1: Overview of the Pan-Tropic Assessment
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Figure 2: Extent of tropical forest biomes and pan-tropical modeling domain.
Co nstruction of the Biological Develop ment Ind ex (BDI)
(based on W W F Indo-Pacific Report Methodolgy Description, W ikram anayake et al 2000)
R IC H NE SS IND EX
EN D EM ISM IN DE X
Birds
M am m als
Birds
M am m als
Plants
Plants
Spec ies
Spec ies
GO =5
R O =3
B O =2
LI=1
++
+
++
+
+
+ +
+++
+
++
+++
+
+++
GO =5
RO =3
BO =2
LI=1
+
++
++
++
+ ++
++
Ec ore gions
+
+
Ec ore gions
Ecoregion Richness Index, RI
(GO, RO, BO, LU)
Ecoregion Endem ism Index, EI
(GO, RO, BO, LU)
= f (Bird + M am m als + Plant
Richness Scores)
= f (Bird + M am m als + Plant
Endem ism Scores)
Figure 3 Construction of the
Biological Distinctiveness Index
(BDI). Adapted from
Wikramanayake et al. 2002.
R ic hne ss
En dem ism
Ind ex, R EI
= M ax (R I, E I)
YE S
Ad dition al
Eco region
Ph eno m ena ?
e .g., uni que
taxon omic grou p,
rare ha bita ts,
e xtrao rdi nary
m igration s
E lev ate
RE I
NO
B io lo gic al D is tinctiven ess Inde x (B DI)
(G O , RO , B O , LI)
GO, globally outstanding
RO, regionally outstanding
BO, biologically outstanding
LI, locally im portant
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Figure 4 Biological Distinctiveness Index for the Tropical Forest Biomes (WWF’s BDI)
Figure 5 Global Conservation Status for the Tropical Forest Biomes
.
-4-
Figure 6 Basin share of total globally or regionally high BDI areas within tropical forest
biomes
Figure 7 Share by basin of globally or regionally high BDI within the tropical forest biomes
.
-5-
Figure 8 Basin share of total critical and endangered areas within the tropical forest
biomes
Figure 9 Share by basin of critical or endangered areas within the tropical forest biomes
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100%
100%
90%
90%
80%
80%
70%
70%
60%
50%
NR
60%
LI
50%
BO
40%
NR
I/S
40%
Vuln
30%
C/E
RO
GO
30%
20%
20%
10%
10%
0%
0%
Moist Broadleaf Dry Broadleaf
Forest
Forest
Coniferous
Moist
Broadleaf
Forest
Dry Broadleaf
Forest
Coniferous
.
Figure 10 Biological Distinctiveness Index
(BDI) for the tropical forest biomes (Olson et
al. 2001; WWF 2003).
GO: Globally
Outstanding; RO: Regionally Outstanding;
BO: Bioregionally Outstanding; LI: Local
Interest; NR: No Ranking
Figure 11 Global Conservation Status for the
tropical forest biomes (Olson et al. 2001; WWF
2003). C/E: Critical / Endangered; Vuln:
Vlunerable; I/S: Relatively Intact / Relatively
Stable; NR: No Ranking
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