1. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FISHERIES SECTOR IN THE NATIONAL
ECONOMY
Table 1.1 Labour Force Engaged in Fisheries
Labour
No. of people
Direct livelihood (full-time active fishermen)
173,090
Indirect or part-time livelihood
100,000*
State employment
5,000*
Private sector or self employment
400,000*
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
The number of Sri Lankan fishermen in 2004/2005 is recorded at 273,090. This is an increase
of 10 percent than that recorded in 2003. Of the 173,090 active fishermen 9,843 or about 6
percent are engaged in inland fisheries. The total labour force of 678,090 in fisheries sector
represented about 30 percent of the total employed in the agriculture sector and 9 percent of
the total employed in the country in 2005.
Table 1.2 Labour Contributions in Marine Fish Production
Year
Total Fish
Production
(mt)
144,266
Yield Per Fishermen
(mt)
1989
No. Of
Active/Fulltime
Fishermen
63,635
1996
83,776
206,300
2.5
2002
114,230
274,760
2.4
2003
148,830
254,680
1.7
2004
151,800
253,190
1.7
2005*
160,300
130,400
0.8
2.27
Source: 1Fisheries survey - Department of Fisheries - Census of Marine Fisheries in Sri Lanka
Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
The population actively engaged in fishing has increased by 32 percent between 1989 and
1996, and by 91 percent between 1996 and 2005. This shows that the fisheries sector is
developing into an important source of employment in the country. The high rate of increase
in employment growth in more recent years is mainly due to the expansion in offshore
fisheries and allied activities and the development in the aquaculture industry. However, it is
noteworthy that in view of the inability to increase fish production in line with the population
increase, the per capita fish supply has been declining steadily since 1996.
1
Table 1.3 Contribution of Fisheries Sector to the GNP at Current Factor Cost
Prices
Year
Total
GNP Value
Agriculture Forestry &
Fishing
Value (SLR mn) % Of GNP
Fishing
Value (SLR mn)
% of GNP
19991
1,075,300
191,577
17.8
22,960
2.1
20001
1,253,622
200,965
16.0
25,749
2.1
20011
1,397,453
215,929
15.5
27,535
2.0
20021
1,478,560
232,760
15.7
28,728
1.9
20032
1,546,202
297,342
19.2
34,442
2.2
2
2004
1,780,062
320,523
18.0
33,812
1.9
20052*
2,068,273
360,808
17.4
21,577
1.0
Source: 1- Department of Census & Statistics
2
- Central Bank of Sri Lanka
The incremental growth of GNP in fisheries in 2003 was mainly a result of a combination of
external and internal factors. The most important among these was the increase of fisheries
exports. However, the fisheries contribution in 2004 has slightly declined due to decline in
value addition of fish and fishery products at current factor cost prices.
The share of
fisheries in GNP significantly declined in 2005 due to the devastation of fisheries,
especially marine fisheries by the tsunami of 26 December 2004.
Table 1.4 Contribution of the Fisheries Sector to Sri Lankan Export Earnings
Value of Export (US$ mn)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
5,522.00
4,817.00
4,699.00
5,130.00
5,757.00
6,344.00
Agriculture exports
857.06
820.70
843.37
954.00
1,053.00
1,142.00
Fisheries exports
136.24
100.80
83.43
99.00
93.00
103.00
2.47
2.10
1.78
1.93
1.62
1.62
Total exports
Share of fisheries (%)
Source: Sri Lanka Export Development Board (EDB)
Exports from the agriculture sector increased by 13.1 percent while exports from the fisheries
sector increased by 11.5 percent in 2003 over that of 2002. However, while exports of
agriproducts increased in 2004 by 10.4 percent over 2003, fisheries exports declined by 6.1
percent from that of 2003. Reduction in the quantity of shrimp exported in 2004 was the main
cause of this decline. Although the tsunami has a bad impact on exports of fishery products in
2005, an increase of 10.8 percent over 2004 was observed. Increase in the quantities of
offshore/deep sea tuna and ornamental fishing mainly contributed to this increase.
2
Table 1.5 Annual per Capita Availability of Fish and Fishery Products
Total fish
supply (mt)
Import of fish
and fishery
products (mt)
Export of fish
and fishery
products (mt)
Available fish
and fishery
products (mt)
1998
269,850
71,214
11,434
329,630
Annual Per
capita
availability
(kg)
17.6
1999
279,900
65,731
9,793
335,838
17.7
2000
300,380
77,339
19,557
358,162
18.7
2001
284,760
69,800
10,202
344,358
17.8
2002
302,890
71,537
14,172
360,255
18.5
2003
284,960
75,119
15,689
344,390
17.6
2004
286,370
67,284
13,681
339,973
17.5
2005*
163,230
76,584
15,985
223,829
11.4
Year
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Though fish imports has risen by 5 percent, a decline of fish production and an increase of
fish exports reduced the per capita availability of fish by 0.6 kg in 2003 compared with 2002.
The decline of fish imports resulted in a further drop in the per capita availability of fish by
0.1 kg in 2004. Due to the impact of tsunami on fisheries, a significant decline in fish
production was observed in 2005 and the per capita availability of fish dropped by 6.1 kg
compared to those recorded over the past 50 years.
3
2. TSUNAMI DEVASTATION
Coastal Area Affected by Tsunami
The December 26, 2004 tsunami caused severe damages to the coastal communities in twelve
of the fourteen coastal districts, namely Colombo, Negombo, Jaffna, Kilinochchi, Mullaitivu,
Trincomalee, Batticaloa, Ampara, Hambantota, Matara, Galle, and Kalutara Districts, which
covers more than 80 percent of the coastal belt. The other two districts, Puttalam and Mannar
had minimum damage.
Figure 2.1 Coastal area affected by tsunami
4
Damage to Fishing Communities
The fishing industry was the hardest hit by the tsunami. The coastal communities who depend
on fisheries and allied industries as livelihood have been seriously affected. More than 4,800
fishermen died. The highest number of deaths was reported from Ampara (Kalmunai),
Mullaitivu and Jaffna Districts. Over 16,000 fishing households were destroyed. The highest
number of fishing houses was damaged in Batticaloa, Jaffna, Trincomalee and Ampara
(Kalmunai) Districts. More than 103,000 people were displaced and over 80,000 people who
had been engaged in fishing or allied activities have lost their livelihood.
Table 2.1 Damage to Fishing Communities
District
No. of active
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
fishermen
fishermen
displaced
fishing
fishing
(2003*)
reported
fishermen
households
houses
destroyed
damaged
dead
Ampara*
15,500
908
11,285
2,148
1,378
Batticaloa*
21,600
684
18,274
3,705
2,830
Colombo
2,800
6
3,823
762
792
Galle*
6,300
376
7,144
1,451
1,111
16,800
5
6,136
146
152
6,100
438
4,753
630
1,083
16,800
856
14,406
2,227
1,242
Kalutara*
4,200
21
4,007
1,027
1,231
Kilinochchi*
3,700
11
2,158
8
Mannar
9,400
0
0
0
0
Matara*
7,100
378
8,548
739
1,135
Mullaitivu*
3,300
858
7,095
1,399
462
Puttalam
22,100
1
2,220
36
162
Trincomalee*
16,100
328
13,338
2,156
1,751
151,800
4,870
103,187
16,434
13,329
Gampaha
Hambantota*
Jaffna*
Total
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
* Districts affected by tsunami
5
Damages to Fishing Fleet
Of the fishing fleet of 30,567 over 79 percent were completely destroyed or seriously
damaged. Of them, 97 percent were coastal operating craft and 59 percent were nonmotorized traditional crafts operated by subsistence fishermen in the near shore areas. The
cost of damage to the fleet was US$ 672.6 mn. In addition, over 136,503 units of gear valued
at US$ 136.5 mn and 891 outboard engines valued at US$ 17.8 mn were also destroyed.
Damages to Harbours and Anchorages
Ten out of 12 fishing harbours in the country have been badly impacted to varying
degrees along with 37 anchorages. Damage has been caused to structure including,
displacement of breakwater rock boulders, shore structure and building, fuel tanks,
pumps and distributor systems, water tanks and supply systems, internal roads,
slipways, boat repair yards. Almost all harbours require cleaning up and dredging of
the basin and the channels. The cost estimates for damages to the harbours,
anchorages and landing sites is approximately US$ 465 mn.
Table 2.2 Damage Assessment of Fishery Harbours
Harbour
Panadura
Marine structures
Shore facilities
Breakwater, groyne, quay wall, beacon Complete
damage
to
lamps and revetment partly damaged. Cost boundary
walls,
gate,
of damage estimated at US$ 5 mn
security hut, fenders, etc.
and partial damage to
internal roads, drains and
water supply. Cost of
damage is estimated at US$
0.4 mn
Partial damage to fish
auction hall, office building,
net mending hall and
complete damage to toilet
facilities. Cost of damage is
estimated at US$ 0.8 mn
Beruwala
Breakwater, groyne, quay wall and beacon
lamps partly damaged. Cost of damage
estimated at SLR 37.5 million
6
Complete
damage
to
boundary walls, security hut,
fenders, etc. and partial
damage to internal roads,
drains and water supply.
Cost of damage is estimated
to be US$ 0.8 mn
Partial damage to fish
auction hall, office building,
net mending hall, stores,
toilets, canteen, managers
quarters and fuel tank and
dispensing
unit
and
estimated at US$ 1.9 mn
Hikkaduwa
Breakwater, groyne, quay wall and beacon
lamps partly damaged. Cost of damage
estimated at US$ 1.9 mn
Complete
damage
to
boundary
walls,
gate,
security hut, fenders, etc.
and partial damage to
internal roads, drains and
electricity supply. Cost of
damage estimated at US$
1.9 mn
Partial damage to fish
auction
hall,
office
buildings, net mending hall
stores, radio room, toilets,
fuel tank and dispensing unit
and complete damage to the
canteen are estimated at US$
1.0 mn
Galle
Partial damage to the jetty and quay wall.
Cost of damage estimated at SLR 26 million
Complete
damage
to
boundary
walls,
gate,
security hut, fenders, etc.
and partial damage to
internal roads, drains, water
and electricity supply. Cost
of damage estimated at US$
1.9 mn
Partial damage to offices and
stores, net mending hall,
radio
room,
toilets,
managers quarters, security
room, rest room, ice plant
and complete damage to the
workshop and fish auction
hall are estimated at US$ 8.2
mn
Kudawella
Breakwater, groyne, quay wall and beacon Partial damage to boundary
lamps partly damaged. Cost of damage walls, gate, security hut,
estimated at US$ 4.8 mn
internal
roads,
fenders,
drains water and electricity
supply. Cost of damage
estimated at US$ 1.03 mn
Partial damage to fish
7
auction hall, net mending
hall, toilets, canteen, office
and office are estimated at
US$ 0.7 mn
Tangalle
Breakwater, groyne, quay wall and beacon Complete
damage
to
lamps partly damaged. Cost of damage boundary
walls,
gate,
estimated at US$ 2.9 mn
security hut and partial
damage to internal roads,
drains, water and electricity
supply, fenders etc. Cost of
damage estimated at US$
0.75 mn
Partial damage to fish
auction
hall,
office
buildings, net mending hall,
radio room, toilets, ice plant,
canteen, fuel tank and
dispensing unit, managers
quarters, security room,
workshop, Ceynor office and
complete damage to the
treatment
plant
and
fishermen’s rest room are
estimated at US$ 5.4 mn
Kirinda
Breakwater, groyne, quay wall and beacon Complete
damage
to
lamps partly damaged. Cost of damage boundary
walls,
gate,
estimated at US$ 5 mn
security hut, fenders etc. and
partial damage to internal
roads, drains, water and
electricity supply. Cost of
damage estimated at US$
1.7 mn
Partial damage to fish
auction
hall,
office
buildings, net mending hall,
radio room, toilets, canteen,
fuel tank and dispensing
unit, workshop, cold rooms
and complete damage to ice
plant, managers quarters,
circuit
bungalow
and
fishermen’s
rest
are
estimated at US$ 6 mn
Mirissa
Designing stage
Puranawella
Designing stage
Cod Bay
To be developed under the ADB funded North East Coastal Communities
Development Project UNDP. Work to commence in 2007
Source: Anon, 2006b. Recovery assessment in the fisheries sector
8
Damage to Fisheries Institutions
Extensive damage caused to the assets of the Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources,
included buildings housing the district offices and the Fisheries Inspectors and Monitoring,
Controlling and Surveillance (MCS) units along with their equipment, vehicles, documents
and records.
The research laboratories and facilities, computers, aquarium, indigenous and endemic fish
breeding center, equipment as well as data and records pertaining to over 20 years of research
of NARA were destroyed. The National Institute of Fisheries and Nautical Engineering
(NIFNE) also suffered a considerable damage to its training institutions and facilities,
particularly at Batticaloa where the training institute was completely destroyed. Vital
machinery and equipment, heavy plant equipment and vehicles including site buildings
belonging to the Coast Conservation Department have suffered heavy damages due to
Tsunami.
The estimated total cost of repair, replacement and reconstruction of the Departments and
agencies under the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources is in the order of US$ 10 mn.
Table 2.3 Damages to Institutions Connected to Fisheries
Institution
Damage
National Aquatic Resources Buildings and equipment
Research and Development (fisheries
museum,
Agency (NARA)
laboratories,
auditorium,
aquarium
and
stores,
excluding
damages
to
Hydrographic Survey Boats)
Cost Conservation
Department (CCD)
Coast
protection
and
conservation structures
Heavy vehicles etc.
Department of Fisheries and Damages
to
buildings,
Aquatic Resources (DFAR)
Equipments
and
radio
communication system and
surveillance boat
National Institute of Fisheries Damages
to
buildings,
and Nautical Engineering training
boats
and
(NIFNE)
demonstration equipment
Total
Source: Anon, 2006b. Recovery assessment in the fisheries sector
9
Damage estimation
1000 US$
3,840
3,550
1,500
890
9,780
Damage to Post Harvest Facilities and Services
The fish marketing network of the island suffered a severe tsunami damage. The large urban
fish markets at Galle, Matara, Hambantota and many retail outlets belonging to the CFC and
private traders sustained heavy damages and in many cases were completely destroyed.
Furthermore, 28 cold storages and 18 ice plants have been severely damaged at an estimated
cost of US$ 9 mn.
Damage to Coastal Protection Structures
The cost of damages to coastal protection structures such as groynes and revetments, beach
parks, coastal habitats and coastal environment including the Special Area Management Sites
has been assessed at US$ 32 mn
Damage to Aquaculture
Damage to small shrimp farms in Batticaloa district and lost assets of divers engaged in
ornamental fish, chank and beche de mer collection has been estimated at US$ 0.5 mn.
10
Table 2.4 Number of Damaged and Destroyed Fishing Boats by District
District
IBM multiday boats
IBM day boats
OBM FRP boats
Traditional crafts
Beach seine
Destroyed
Damaged
Destroyed
Damaged
Destroyed
Damaged
Destroyed
Damaged
Destroyed
Damaged
Ampara (Kalmunai)
1
1
43
196
358
94
1479
256
110
54
Batticaloa
0
0
4
278
494
189
2,107
264
119
0
Colombo
0
14
2
9
5
102
45
144
12
11
Galle
61
98
58
28
173
149
549
286
63
13
Gampaha (Negombo)
5
85
5
36
14
124
50
153
0
0
Hambantota
54
112
44
34
387
216
649
334
39
21
Jaffna
0
0
41
47
887
694
1,318
0
64
49
Kalutara
24
62
7
17
47
137
301
165
26
12
Kilinochchi
0
0
0
0
0
0
168
18
0
0
Mannar
1
0
0
0
0
8
3
0
0
0
Matara
30
211
70
106
156
283
507
505
9
1
Mullaitivu
0
0
0
0
848
0
936
0
356
0
Puttalam (Chilaw)
9
75
0
5
14
76
12
55
0
0
Trincomalee
2
18
2
27
1,097
1,139
3,034
255
20
0
187
676
276
783
4,480
3,211
11,158
2,435
818
161
Total
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
11
3. PRODUCTION OF FISH AND FISH SEEDS
350000
300000
Production (mt)
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Year
Coastal
Offshore/deepsea
Inland
Total
Figure 3.1 Fish Production in Sri Lanka by sectors
Fish Production in Sri Lanka
The total fish production of the country was 284,960 mt in 2003 and this was a decline of 6
percent over 2002.In 2004, total production was 286,370 mt and this was an increase by 0.5
percent over the year 2003. This decline in 2003 was largely due to the fall in the production
in marine fish production both coastal and offshore in 2003. The delay on the onset of the
Southwest monsoon and the failure of the Northeast monsoon was largely responsible for the
reduced level of coastal fish production in 2004. The total fish production in 2005 was
163,230 mt and this was a drastic decline of about 43 percent over the year 2004. The caused
of severe damage to the fishing industry by the Tsunami waves hit the island on the 26th
December 2004 severely impacted on the fish production especially the marine fish
production in the country. Marine fish production is categorized as coastal fisheries where
fishing is conduct within continental shelf and slope area, offshore fisheries where fishing
conduct beyond continental shelf in high seas either within the EEZ or beyond it. Of the total
fish production in 2003 and 2004 over 88 percent has contributed by marine fisheries while
inland fisheries contributed 10 to 11 percent and aquaculture contribution was less than 1
percent. In 2005, marine fish contribution to the total fish production has declined to 80
percent.
12
Table 3.1 Fish Production by Fisheries Sub-Sectors
Year
Total fish
production (mt)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
163,664
198,063
206,170
220,900
224,000
237,500
228,550
242,000
269,850
279,900
300,380
284,760
302,890
284,960
286,370
163,230
Marine fish production (mt)
Coastal
Offshore
134,132
159,151
163,170
169,900
174,500
159,250
149,300
152,750
166,700
171,950
179,280
167,530
176,250
163,850
154,470
63,690
11,666
15,080
22,000
33,000
37,500
60,000
57,000
62,000
73,250
76,500
84,400
87,360
98,510
90,830
98,720
66,710
Inland &
aquaculture fish
production (mt)
17,866
23,832
21,000
18,000
12,000
18,250
22,250
27,250
29,900
31,450
36,700
29,870
28,130
30,280
33,180
32,832
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
300000
Fish production (mt)
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
1980
1985
1990
Coastal
Year
1995
2000
2005
Offshore
Figure 3.2 Marine Fish Production in Sri Lanka 1980-2005
Marine fish production (dominated by coastal fish production at the time) in Sri Lanka
declined from 165,246 mt in 1980 to 134,135 mt in 1990 due to the disruption of fishing with
the beginning of ethnic disturbances in early 1980s in the Northern and Eastern coastal areas.
13
Thereafter, a gradual increase in total fish production has been observed as a result of the
rapid development of offshore fishery, which took place mainly in the Western and the
Southern coasts. In 2003, marine fish production was 254,680 mt and 90,830 mt of it is
originated from the offshore sub-sector.
In 2004, 98,720 mt out of total marine fish
production of 253,190 mt was derived from the offshore sub-sector while in 2005 marine fish
production declined to 130,400 mt of which offshore contribution was 66,710 mt.
Both coastal and offshore fish production has declined by 7 percent and 8 percent respectively
in 2003 compared to 2002. In 2004, coastal fish production further declined by about 6
percent compared to 2003. On the other hand, offshore fisheries increased by 9 percent. Strict
enforcement of regulations especially aimed at preventing resource and habitat destructive
fisheries may have affected the coastal fish production while the increase in multi-day fishing
craft operating tuna longlines for high priced tunas may have led to the increased offshore fish
production in the year 2003. The preliminary estimates indicated that about 480 multi-day
boats were using longlines in 2003 and there has been a further increase in 2004. Coastal fish
production declined by 60 percent in 2005 while offshore production declined by 32 percent
due to experience of severe damage to coastal fisheries by the Tsunami than offshore
fisheries.
50000
Fish production (mt)
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year
Figure 3.3 Inland Fish Production in Sri Lanka - 1980-2005
Inland fish production in Sri Lanka
Inland fish production has increased on account of the recent policies of the government,
which accord a high priority to encourage and promote this sub-sector. A particularly
14
noteworthy step taken under these policies was the establishment of a separate authority viz;
the National Aquaculture Development Authority of Sri Lanka (NAQDA) in 1998 to boost
this sector throughout the country. Inland fish production which had reached 36,700 mt by
2000 declined drastically by 23 percent in 2002 due to the severe drought condition that
prevailed in 2001. However, the production recovered by a 7 percent in 2003 over 2002; and a
further 10 percent recovery in 2004 over 2003. Tsunami had little impact on inland water
bodies and thus the production declined only by 1 percent in 2005.
Table 3.2 Marine Fish Production by Fisheries Districts
Fisheries
districts
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Puttalam
27,930
29,730
28,030
Chilaw
24,260
25,650
23,960
Negombo
29,820
34,540
32,620
Colombo
2,920
3,130
2,810
Kalutara
29,970
33,140
32,110
Galle
25,020
27,830
26,760
Matara
34,450
35,480
34,410
Tangalle
32,990
34,470
28,050
Kalmunai
8,960
10,120
10,650
Batticaloa
10,900
10,860
11,450
Trincomalee
14,730
14,540
14,790
Mullaitivu
Killinochchi
Jaffna
Mannar
Northern
6,500
8,190
9,250
province
Total (mt)
248,450
267,680
254,890
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
23,560
19,900
26,490
2,980
29,470
25,060
34,000
26,860
17,750
15,140
18,980
3,820
1,480
12,340
16,930
16,640
13,570
20,940
1,990
21,700
20,870
28,430
21,700
21,380
22,240
15,030
2,250
2,760
28,550
16,630
16,520
14,220
22,780
1,640
20,690
17,530
27,990
21,960
19,790
16,160
17,540
2,200
3,130
33,980
17,060
11,940
9,360
16,940
560
11,560
11,210
17,090
6,220
7,940
7,650
6,790
780
1,460
12,790
8,380
274,760
254,680
253,190
130,400
Among the fifteen coastal fisheries districts Jaffna and Matara have been the most important
districts in regard to marine fish production in the years 2003 and 2004. Fish production in
Jaffna district has increased by 131 percent in 2003 over the year 2002 and 175 percent in
2004 over the fish production reported in 2002. In the district of Matara there was a decrease
of 16 percent and 18 percent respectively in 2003 and 2004 compared with the previous years.
.
Furthermore fish production in all the Southern and Western districts has noticeably declined
in 2003 and only Negombo (Gampaha) and Chilaw (part of Puttalam) have slightly recovered
in 2004.
Decline of shore seine varieties has affected the overall contribution of fish
production in Chilaw, Puttalm and Kalutara while decline in the landings of balaya and
kelawalla impacted on the production levels in Tangalle, Negombo, Galle and Matara. The
Northern province, which includes Jaffna, Mannar, Killinochchi and Mullaitivu district,
15
produced 50,190 mt in 2003 and 56,370 mt in 2004, which is about 20 percent and 22 percent
of the total marine fish production in the island in the years 2003 and 2004 respectively. Of
the fourteen fisheries districts, marine fish production had declined by over 50 percent in
2005 in nine districts, namely, Colombo, Hamnabtota, Kalmunai (Ampara), Jaffna,
Kilinochchi, Mullaitu, Trincomalee, Batticaloa and Mannar due to
Tsunami. The fish
production of Hambantota was the most affected and the production decline was over 70
percent in 2005 over 2004. The marine fish production in Puttalam and Negombo (Gampaha)
districts was less impacted by the Tsunami and it had declined by less than 30 percent.
Largely for statistical and commercial purposes the marine fish landings in the country are
categorized into eleven varieties. The production of large tuna varieties such as balaya,
kellawalla, billfishes (categorized as other bloodfish) such as marlin and sailfish and pelagic
sharks and skates mainly come from Kalutara, Galle, Matara, Tangalle, Kalmunai, Batticaloa
and Trincomalee where harbour facilities are available for the landings of offshore multiday
boats. Demersal and semi-demersal fish (bottom living and associated animals) such as
rockfish, paraw, skates and seer fish and other varieties such as crabs, squids and beche-demer (sea cucumbers) comes from the Northern Districts where there is a broader continental
shelf. Tuna, which lands in these areas, are mainly small tuna varieties such as frigate tuna,
kawakawa and bullet tuna, which are collectively categorized with billfishes as ‘Other
bloodfish’. Jaffna contributes to the highest percentage in shrimp production followed by
Negombo and Puttalam where major shrimp trawling grounds are found. Marine fish
production by district and major commercial groups is not available for 2005.
16
Table 3.3 Fish Production by District and Major Commercial Groups 2003
Major commercial fish species/group (mt)
District
Seer
Paraw
Balaya
Kelawalla
Other
Shark/
blood fish
Skate
Rock fish
Shore
Shrimp
Lobster
Other
Total
seine
varieties
Puttalam
20
110
1,210
140
1,930
180
2,320
5,320
940
4,470
16,640
Chilaw
90
420
420
240
3,120
140
1,910
6,030
260
940
13,570
Negombo
780
1,110
2,310
3,480
1,180
2,620
1,190
5,430
2,310
520
20,940
Colombo
150
280
170
520
160
20
70
210
90
320
1,990
Kalutara
140
340
7,320
6,620
2,490
3,270
380
1,010
10
120
21,700
Galle
130
190
5,710
2,960
4,020
1,730
2,420
1,610
30
2,070
20,870
Matara
380
410
9,710
3,970
4,920
2,860
2,310
3,510
10
350
28,480
Tangalle
390
810
6,130
3,590
3,250
1,060
2,190
3,020
30
760
21,700
Kalmunai
1,810
1,940
3,850
2,140
1,910
3,720
1,180
3,560
130
1,140
21,380
Batticaloa
380
990
3,190
1,780
2,840
4,980
2,080
4,020
870
1,110
22,240
Trincomalee
480
3,230
2,560
1,920
3,310
2,890
1,890
6,040
820
1,890
25,030
Mullaitivu
170
110
60
70
140
290
320
480
370
240
2,250
80
160
30
40
60
120
210
1,520
180
360
2,760
1,130
2,820
140
120
3,380
1,360
890
2,520
3,260
1,810
1,120
18,550
160
2,020
30
2,500
1,350
620
6,030
880
240
2,800
16,630
6,290
14,940
27,620
35,210
26,590
19,960
50,310
10,190
2,530
18,210
254,680
Killinochchi
Jaffna
Mannar
Total
42,810
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
17
10
470
Table 3.4 Fish Production by District and Major Commercial Groups 2004
Total
District
Major commercial fish species/group (mt)
Seer
Paraw
Balaya
Kelawalla
Other
Shark/
blood fish
Skate
Rock fish
Shore
Shrimp
Lobster
Other
seine
varieties
Puttalam
30
610
380
2,570
3,430
290
1,060
6,270
1,260
10
610
16,520
Chilaw
70
360
730
880
4,540
380
1,940
4,180
420
90
630
14,220
Negombo
390
840
4,760
2,530
3,430
1,180
1,140
5,470
1,870
10
1,160
22,780
Colombo
9
170
110
160
260
10
10
720
10
20
80
1,640
Kalutara
10
130
8,140
6,670
2,710
2,270
180
360
10
210
20,690
Galle
50
650
3,180
2,920
3,010
1,640
1,420
3,730
40
20
870
17,530
Matara
260
570
10,340
6,080
5,120
2,460
670
1,830
10
40
610
27,990
Tangalle
940
1,180
5,580
4,930
5,030
690
810
1,570
40
820
370
21,960
Kalmunai
1,420
260
2,940
1,670
2,720
2,430
2,080
2,860
10
190
3,210
19,790
Batticaloa
280
1,410
2,850
1,690
1,920
1,720
880
3,490
1,350
10
560
16,160
Trincomalee
340
1,560
4,670
2,640
860
480
920
5,190
20
20
840
17,540
Mullaithivu
110
330
40
290
180
120
330
490
310
2,200
Killinochchi
90
360
590
610
510
520
180
270
3,130
1,090
3,970
80
5,690
4,010
6,920
4,150
160
4,270
33,980
90
1,180
30
1,310
1,690
9,980
530
20
2,230
17,060
5,179
13,580
43,830
21,320
17,540
53,410
10,730
1,590
16,230
253,190
Jaffna
Mannar
Total
130
32,870
3,510
36,830
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
18
Table 3.5 Marine Fish Production by Major Species/Groups
Variety
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Seer
3,130
3,660
3,920
6,290
5,260
2,970
Paraw
10,450
9,950
10,760
14,940
13,580
5,950
Balaya
49,110
49,710
54,640
42,810
43,830
28,040
Kelawalla
29,320
30,910
38,430
27,620
32,870
17,030
Other blood fish
27,890
25,790
27,540
35,210
36,830
16,560
Shar/Skate
28,790
26,410
25,340
26,590
21,320
6,430
Rock fish
14,910
14,490
16,320
19,980
17,540
10,570
Shore seine varieties
76,250
68,730
72,910
50,310
54,410
24,870
Shrimp
7,540
8,160
9,820
10,190
9,730
4,686
Lobsters
1,150
2,340
2,340
2,530
1,590
240
15,140
14,740
12,740
18,210
16,230
13,060
263,680
254,890
274,760
254,680
253,190
130,400
Other
Total (mt)
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
In the catches of shore seine varieties and balaya and kellawalla a significant decline has been
reported in 2003 compared with 2002 but there was a slight recovery in 2004. Shore seine
varieties has declined over 30 percent while balaya and kelawalla declined by 22 and 28
percent respectively in 2003. The catches of other blood fish has increased by 28 percent and
33 percent respectively in 2003 and 2004. This has been made possible mainly due to increase
in operation of ring nets as an ancillary gear by the multi-day fishing boats. The other
varieties, which mainly comprise commodities such as squids, cuttlefish, crabs and beche-demer have also increased by 38 percent in 2003 especially due to relaxation of restrictions on
fishing in the north and east where these resources are relatively abundant. In 2005, the
production of paraw, other blood fish, shark/skate, shore seine varieties, shrimps and lobsters
has declined over 50 percent and they are basically coastal inhabiting varieties. Lobster
production has shown a significant decline of 84 percent over 2004.
19
Table 3.6 Marine Fish Production by Major Categories by Province -2003
Major fish categories
Province
Total
Tuna and
billfish
Northwestern
Western
Southern
Eastern
Northern
Total (mt)
7,060
24,250
44,260
23,500
6,570
105,640
Other
large
pelagic
430
6,980
6,550
14,260
4,660
32,880
Demersal
4,760
3,370
8,330
11,310
7,150
34,920
Shore
seine
varieties
11,350
6,650
8,140
13,620
10,550
50,310
Other
marine
6,610
3,380
3,720
5,960
11,260
30,930
30,210
44,630
71,000
68,650
40,190
254,680
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Table 3.7 Marine Fish Production by Major Categories by Province -2004
Province
Northwestern
Western
Southern
Eastern
Northern
Total (mt)
Tuna and
billfish
12,530
28,770
46,190
21,960
4,080
113,530
Major fish categories
Other
Demersal
Shore
Other
large
seine
marine
pelagic
varieties
770
3,970
10,450 3,020
3,950
2,470
6,550 3,370
6,040
5,300
7,130 2,820
6,670
7,110
11,540 6,210
9,150
12,270
17,740 13,130
26,580
31,120
53,410 28,550
Total
30,740
45,110
67,480
53,490
56,370
253,190
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resource
The southern province, closely followed by the eastern province, made the highest percentage
contribution to island’s total fish production in 2003. The southern province continued to
make the highest contribution in 2004 as well and was followed by the northern and eastern
provinces. Southern province is important in respect of the landings of tuna, billfish and other
large pelagic fish production followed by western and eastern provinces. Tuna production in
northern province is very low and is limited to small tuna varieties such as frigate tuna
(allagodu), kawakawa (attawalla), and bullet tuna (ragodu). Northern, eastern and northwestern provinces are important in producing shore seine varieties while northern, southern
and eastern provinces are important in terms of demersal fish production.
20
Table 3.8 Shrimp Production
Year
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Culture
(mt)
4,160
3,640
6,520
3,820
6,970
5,120
4,630
3,360
2,390
1,570
Capture
(mt)
8,400
7,750
7,240
7,680
7,540
7,360
9,820
10,190
10,730
4,680
Total
(mt)
12,560
11,390
13,760
11,500
14,510
12,480
14,450
13,550
13,120
6,250
Export
(mt)
3,155
2,584
5,091
2,715
4,855
3,941
3,202
4,467
2,462
1,800
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
The contribution of aquaculture to the total shrimp production steadily declined since 2000;
the decline was 27 percent in 2003, 48 percent in 2004 and as much as 66 percent in 2005
compared with farmed shrimp production in 2002. On the other hand, capture production
increased since 2002 mainly due to increased trawling operations in the northern areas – the
rate of increase was 4 percent in 2003 and 9 percent in 2004 over the two production levels of
2002 but declined by 56 percent in 2005. Poor regulation of the shrimp culture industry and
lack of meaningful waste management strategy have resulted serious environmental
degradations accompanied by repeated devastating outbreaks of diseases over the past few
years. After the last major viral outbreak in 1999, number of farms has been abandoned.
Culture based production of high valued shrimps are destined for overseas market. Some 33
percent of the total production in 2003, 20 percent in 2004 and 29 percent in 2005 was
exported.
21
Table 3.9 Inland and Aquaculture Fish Production
District
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Gampaha
Colombo
Kalutara
Galle
Matale
Hambantota
Ratnapura
Kegalla
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Moneragala
Badulla
Matale
Kandy
Nuwara Eliya
Polonnaruwa
Anuradhapura
Ampara
Batticaloa
Trincomalee
Vavuniya
Mullaittivu
Killinochchi
Jaffna
Mannar
2,598
106
585
34
30
1,509
103
8
178
8,495
2,753
659
292
172
32
4,870
5,690
1,290
2,592
2,960
2,080
80
420
30
20
1,220
80
5
230
6,980
2,240
530
240
140
30
3,960
4,615
1,050
2,410
2,220
1,570
56
350
25
22
940
78
5
370
8,870
1,370
460
210
110
24
3,820
4,360
1,280
1,740
1,160
268
210
190
1,248
228
900
180
930
190
670
220
270
50
20
1,180
360
10
890
7,520
1,480
650
160
270
80
4,730
6,640
1,260
1,890
780
150
na
na
850
150
930
280
230
40
10
1,260
460
na
1,790
8,230
1,330
660
140
290
60
4,860
6,580
1,420
2,790
690
180
na
na
950
na
690
160
180
30
10
1,460
730
na
2,140
7,210
1,870
820
330
310
80
4,730
5,640
1,870
2,460
1,240
290
na
na
580
na
36,700
29,870
28,130
30,280
33,180
32,830
Total (mt)
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Inland and aquaculture fish production increased by 8 percent in 2003 and by 18 percent in
2004 over and above the level in 2002 but slightly declined by 1 percent in 2005. Aquaculture
production is still confined mainly to brackish water culture of high valued shrimp, Penaeus
monodon. Current Inland capture fish production comes mainly from the large irrigation
tanks especially in the districts of Puttalam, Anuradapura and Polonnaruwa. These districts
contributed 62, 59 percent and 54 percent to the total inland fish production in 2003, 2004 and
2005 respectively. The impact of Tsunami did not seem to have adversely affected inland fish
production. Inland aquaculture sector still remains poorly developed despite the fact that the
policy of the government is to promotes development of aquaculture throughout the island
with due regard to environmental and biodiversity issues.
22
Table 3.10 Inland and Aquaculture Fish Production by Major Categories
Major categories
Tilapia
Carps
Other freshwater fish
Brackish water fish
Cultured shrimp
Total (mt)
2000
23,150
980
3,370
2,230
6,970
36,700
2001
17,190
920
2,160
4,480
5,120
29,870
2002
16,140
780
2,160
4,420
4,630
28,130
2003
17,870
9,430
2004
22,190
5,420
3,190
2005*
21,620
6,130
3,510
3,360
30,280
2,380
33,180
1,570
32,830
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Tilapia is the major variety/species of the inland fishes and contributed 59, 67 and 66
percent to the total inland fish production in 2003, 2004 and 2005 respectively.
Tilapia production has increased by 11 and 37 percent respectively in 2003 and 2004
over and above the 2002 but has slightly declined by 3 percent in 2005.
Table 3.11 Fish Seed Production in Aquaculture Development Centers - 2003
Centre
Udawalawe
Dambulla
Inginiyagala
Nuwara Eliya
Rambodagalle
Total (mn)
Post larvae
18,630,000
11,150,000
2,505,000
1,530,000
33,815,000
Carp
Fry
6,479,650
3,888,000
1,002,000
635,000
62,000
12,066,650
Fingerlings
1,142,403
753,803
245,500
182,000
36,500
2,360,206
Tilapia
Fry
Fingerlings
1,269,172
390,802
659,460
265,405
178,500
113,000
60,000
2,167,132
21,660
790,867
Source: National Aquaculture Development Authority (NAQDA)
Table 3.12 Fish Seed Production in Aquaculture Development Centers - 2004
Centre
Udawalawe
Dambulla
Inginiyagala
Nuwara Eliya
Rambodagalle
Total (mn)
Post larvae
21,462,000
11,295,000
4,380,000
305,000
37,442,000
Carp
Fry
5,758,750
4,036,000
1,695,000
50,000
45,000
11,603,750
Fingerlings
1,800,863
517,000
217,000
28,000
23,580
2,586,443
Tilapia
Fry
Fingerlings
721,645
263,445
498,559
264,179
214,500
113,500
20,400
1,455,104
19,500
660,624
Source: National Aquaculture Development Authority (NAQDA)
Table 3.13 Fish Seed Production in Aquaculture Development Centers - 2005
Centre
Udawalawe
Dambulla
Inginiyagala
Nuwara Eliya
Rambodagalle
Total (mn)
Post larvae
20,442,000
16,558,000
8,200,000
230,000
45,430,000
Carp
Fry
Fingerlings
6,350,770
1,787,328
7,750,200
1,178,391
3,602,000
1,013,000
265,000
76,290
17,967,970
National Aquaculture Development Authority (NAQDA)
23
4,055,009
Tilapia
Fry
Fingerlings
2,024,500
767,165
472,250
201,940
367,000
362,500
2,863,750
1,331,605
The National Aquaculture Development Authority (NAQDA) produces fish post larvae, fry
and fingerlings at five Aquaculture Development Centres (AQDC) in Udawalawe, Dambulla,
Nuwara Eliya, Inginiyagala and Rambodagalle. Seed production of carp (post larvae, fry and
fingerlings) in 2003 (48,241,856) has increased by 23 percent than in 2002 while seed
production of Tilapia (2,957,999) has increased by 37 percent. Carp seed (51,632,193) by 7
percent in 2004 when compared with 2003 and by 31 percent in 2005 than in 2004. Seed
production of Tilapia (2,115,728) has slightly declined in 2004 and in 2003 but has increased
by 98 percent in 2005.
In addition, freshwater prawn breeding centre at Pambala in Chilaw produced 47,811,
645,074 and 663,170 Macrobrachium post larvae n 2003, 2004 and 2005 respectively.
80000000
Number
60000000
40000000
20000000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year
Carp seed
Tilapia
Figure 3.4 Seed Production in Aquaculture Development Centres
24
4. PRODUCTION OF MARINE NON-LIVING COMMODITIES
Table 4.1 Production of Seashells
Quantity
(mt)
Value (SLR
mn)
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004*
5,875
11,834
2,979
4,189
1,550
1,730
1,124
10.3
23.7
5.9
6.3
3.1
6.23
3.93
Source: Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSBM)
Extensive deposits of seashells occur at Hungama – Hambanthota District. The quantity
extracted has increased by 12 percent in 2003 than in 2002 but has declined by 35 percent in
2004 than in 2003. Rapid exhaustion of shell deposits has resulted in a drastic decline in the
extraction over the past three years. The unit price has increased over the years; and the price
in 2003 was 80 percent above the 2002 price. However it has slightly declined in 2004.
Seashells are locally used as an ingredient for mixing of poultry feed and in the production of
lime for construction building purposes.
Table 4.2 Production of Inland Coral
Quantity
(mt)
Value (SLR
mn)
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004*
5,938
4,332
5,263
1,349
3,156
1,638
2,396
14.8
15.2
15.8
2.69
6.31
4.91
7.19
Source: Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSBM)
Inland coral mining is conducted presently at few places such as Ambalangoda and
Hikkaduwa in the Galle District and in some areas in the Matara District. These deposits
occur along the coastal plain as patches and lenses. The quantity exploited has decreased by
48 percent in 2003 and thereby sales decreased by 22 percent in 2003 than in 2002 due to
rapid exhaustion of deposits and restrictions in issuing permits for mining. However, the
quantity exploited in 2004 has increased by 46 percent than 2003 due to excavation of new
deposits. The mining of seashells, coral or any other commodity is banned within the Coastal
Zone.
25
5. FISHING FLEET
Table 5.1 Fishing Fleet Operating in Marine Waters
Year
1998
Total
fishing
craft
26,570
IBM boats
Multi day- Day boats
Boats
1,383
1,494
OBM
FRP boats Traditional
craft
7,910
1,045
Non motorized
traditional
craft
14,738
1999
27,735
1,419
1,475
8,623
1,274
14,944
2000
28,104
1,430
1,470
8,690
1,405
15,109
20011
27,149
1,572
993
8,744
640
15,200
2002
28,135
1,614
1,112
9,033
776
15,600
2003
29,694
1,530
1,486
11,020
618
15,993
2004
30,567
1,581
1,493
11,559
674
16,312
2005*
29,312
1,328
1,164
11,010
1,660
14,150
Source: 1 Census of motorized fishing craft
Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
In 2004, Sri Lankan fishing fleet comprised of 30,567 crafts, of which 53 percent were nonmotorized. Among them 1,052 were beach seine (madel) craft. There has been an upward
trend in regard to the number of fishing vessels since 2001. The number of fishing vessels
increased in 2003 by 5.5 per cent and by 8.6 percent in 2004. The biggest increase in both
years 2003 and 2004 was in the number of outboard motor powered FRP boats while one day
boats powered by inboard motors showed a considerable increase in 2003 following by a
marginal increase in 2004. In the case of multi-day boats and outboard motor traditional
crafts, the number has declined slightly in 2003 but increased marginally in 2004.
Although 79 percent of the fishing fleet in 2004 has been destroyed by the tsunami, over 85
percent of has been replaced or repaired by the end of 2005. Except motorized traditional
crafts none of the craft types have been replaced at before tsunami level. Multi-day fishing
fleet is 16 percent less than in 2004 but traditional crafts have been over supplied by 146
percent.
26
Table 5.2 Distribution of Marine Fishing Crafts by District in 2004
Fisheries
district
Inboard engines
Multi day
boats
Day
boats
Outboard engines
FRP
boats
Traditional
crafts
Puttalam
Chilaw
Negombo
Colombo
Kalutara
Galle
Matara
Tangalle
South and
West total
Kalmunai
Batticaloa
Trincomalee
Mullaitivu
Killinochchi
Jaffna
Mannar
North and
East total
42
142
216
24
252
174
476
202
1,528
72
8
168
52
16
89
149
49
603
1.724
1,635
1,208
156
226
512
346
738
6,545
6
46
248
186
218
Grand total
5
3
4
Non motorized
traditional crafts
Traditional Beach
seines
Total
crafts
1
86
62
68
229
1,910
1,140
1,570
230
540
320
520
730
6,960
127
30
35
10
48
80
9
120
459
3,753
2,928
3,166
462
1,035
1,181
1,553
1,787
15,865
1
53
84
8
12
48
149
68
76
445
920
2,510
1,190
220
330
2,560
570
8,300
85
103
104
76
12
163
63
890
340
318
1,316
562
246
1,124
1,108
5,014
112
113
593
1,598
3,022
2,782
830
737
3,915
1,818
14,702
1,581
1,493
11,559
674
15,260
1,052
30,567
Source: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Table 5.3 Distribution of Marine Fishing Crafts by District in 2005
Fisheries
district
Inboard engines
Multi day
boats
Day
boats
Outboard engines
FRP
boats
Traditional
crafts
Non motorized
traditional crafts
Traditional Beach
seines
Total
crafts
Puttalam
Chilaw
Negombo
Colombo
Kalutara
Galle
Matara
Tangalle
South and
West total
Kalmunai
Batticaloa
Trincomalee
Mullaithivu
Killinochchi
Jaffna
Mannar
North and
East total
36
147
124
24
214
138
432
156
1,271
69
12
174
56
9
51
85
13
469
1,740
1,650
1,240
160
330
620
150
660
6,550
170
20
60
10
10
160
130
100
660
1,866
1,252
1,382
181
682
290
360
745
6,758
124
28
28
9
8
40
35
272
4,005
3,109
3,008
440
1,253
1,299
1,157
1,709
15,980
8
48
1
57
218
79
234
97
67
695
360
180
760
440
170
1,430
1,120
4,460
180
50
30
60
270
320
90
1,000
1,284
2,396
1,421
30
150
1,052
470
6,803
66
44
39
58
110
317
2,116
2,749
2,532
530
590
2,957
1,858
13,332
Grand total
1,328
1,164
11,010
1,660
13,561
589
29,312
Source: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
27
The large bulk of non-motorized traditional crafts are found in the Northern and the Eastern
coastal districts while over 95 percent of the multi-day boats are operated from the Western
and Southern coastal districts due to availability of harbour facilities. The use of FRP out
board motorboats in Puttalam, Chilaw, Trincomalee, Negombo, Jaffna and Mannar are higher
than in the other districts.
Boat replacement as at the end of September 2006 indicates that a total of 19,711 boats,
equivalent to 165% out of the total of 16,919 boats destroyed by the tsunami have been
replaced. 99% of the replaced boats were operating in coastal waters.
28
Table 5.4 Status of Boat Replacement as at End of September 2006
District
Multiday boats
Inboard engine day boats
Outboard engine FRP boats
Motorized or non-motorized
Beach seine
traditional crafts
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
Destroyed
Replaced
Destroyed
Replaced
Destroyed
Replaced
Destroyed
Replaced
Destroyed
Replaced
Colombo
0
0
2
1
5
9
45
60
0
0
Kalutara
24
5
7
2
47
183
301
579
26
8
Galle
61
8
58
41
173
643
549
633
63
50
Matara
30
10
70
30
156
308
507
571
9
6
Hambantota
54
6
44
7
387
744
649
1,026
39
68
Ampara
1
0
43
9
358
945
1,479
2,253
110
113
Batticaloa
0
0
4
2
494
629
2,107
2,459
119
80
Trincomalee
2
1
2
0
1,097
550
3,034
2,989
20
1
Mullathivu
0
0
0
0
848
1,143
936
0
356
0
Kilinochchi
0
0
0
0
0
104
168
4
0
4
Jaffna
0
0
41
5
887
2,212
1,318
951
64
75
Mannar
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
Puttalam
9
2
0
0
14
14
12
12
0
0
Gampaha
5
2
5
3
14
26
50
60
0
0
Total
187
34
276
100
4,480
7,575
11,158
11,597
806
405
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
29
In addition, 65 FRP OBM boats have been distributed by the Sri Lanka Army among tsunami
affected fisheries households.
Fishing fleet engaged in fishing in inland waters in 2004 comprised 4,841 crafts. Only nonmotorized traditional crafts are allowed to fish in inland waters.
Table 5.5 Distribution of Fishing Crafts Operated in Inland Waters by District in 2004
District
No. of crafts
Ampara
580
Anuradhapura
931
Badulla
349
Batticaloa
295
Colombo
73
Galle
130
Gampaha
27
Hambantota
442
Kalutara
150
Kandy
63
Kurunegala
449
Matara
41
Monaragala
278
Nuwara Eliya
69
Puttalam
243
Ratnapura
109
Trincomalee
196
Vavunia
416
Total
4,841
Source: National Aquaculture Development Authority (NAQDA)
30
Table 5.6 Fishing Trips Made by the Foreign/Joint Venture Fishing Fleet
Berthed at Mutwal Fishery Harbour - 2003
Fishing company
Month
J J A
J
F
M A
M
S
O
N
D
Tropic Fishery (Pvt) Ltd
5
6
3
4
6
8
5
2
6
4
3
4
Seibu Deep Sea Fishing Co (Pvt) Ltd
10
27
25
26
22
24
23
16
7
17
8
3
Bon Bridge Fishery (Pvt) Ltd
11
12
10
13
6
6
7
7
4
4
3
4
Chinda Lanka (Pvt) Ltd
24
14
16
12
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Diyakawa Deep Sea Fishing Co (Pvt) Ltd
4
3
2
3
3
2
2
1
-
-
-
-
Sath Sindu
2
4
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Island Waters (Pvt) Ltd
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Jinwei Fishery (Pvt) Ltd
-
-
2
-
2
5
2
6
3
2
-
-
Source: Ceylon Fishery Harbours Corporation
Foreign companies registered under BOI of Sri Lanka have been given fish landing permits
and berthing facilities at the Mutwal fishery harbour while few others berth in the Beruwala
fishery harbour as well as in the Colombo and Galle Commercial harbours. These vessels are
longliners, which are operated for deepwater tuna. The number of permits issued for the
fishing vessels were 297 in 2003, 157 in 2004 and 126 in 2005.
Table 5.7 Fishing Trips Made by the Foreign/Joint Venture Fishing Fleet
Berthed at Mutwal Fishery Harbour - 2004
Fishing company
Month
J J A
J
F
M A
M
S
O
N
D
Tropic Fishery (Pvt) Ltd
13
16
13
17
11
9
4
8
1
9
6
6
Seibu Deep Sea Fishing Co (Pvt) Ltd
1
5
6
5
5
3
5
3
5
7
3
3
Diyakawa Deep Sea Fishing Co (Pvt) Ltd
1
Source: Ceylon Fishery Harbours Corporation
In 2004, there were only three fishing companies, which operated their vessels from the
Mutwal fishery harbour. Bon Bridge Fishery (Pvt) Ltd. has operated from the Galle
commercial harbour.
Table 5.8 Fishing Trips Made by the Foreign/Joint Venture Fishing Fleet
Berthed at Mutwal Fishery Harbour - 2005
Fishing company
J
F
M A
Month
M J J A
S
O
N
D
Tropic Fishery (Pvt) Ltd
6
9
4
7
7
4
5
6
7
3
2
7
Seibu Deep Sea Fishing Co (Pvt) Ltd
4
8
10
12
11
11
13
8
5
15
3
3
Diyakawa Deep Sea Fishing Co (Pvt) Ltd
2
Source: Ceylon Fishery Harbours Corporation
31
6. FISHERIES INFRASTRUCTURE
Table 6.1 Status of Fishery Harbours
Functioning
harbours
Beruwala
Non functioning
harbours
Valachchanai
New harbours under
construction
Dodanduwa
Proposed fishery harbours
Kirinda
Myliddy
Chilaw
Haraspola/Balapitiya
Galle
Mannar
Ambalangoda
Kapparatota/Weligama
Mirissa
Kalametiya
Totamune/Matara
Puranawella
Hambantota
Gandara
Dikowita
Tangalle
Kottegoda
Cod-Bay
Nilwella
Mutwal
Pothuwil
Hikkaduwa
Kalmunai
Kudawella
Kalpitiya
Panadura
Source: Ceylon Fisheries Harbours Corporation (CFHC)
There are 15 fisheries harbours of which 12 have been in operable status. They provided safe
anchoring facilities for about 7 percent of the fishing fleet in 2004 of which 79 percent were
offshore multi-day boats. Of the 37 anchorages 19 have been operable and apart from the
lagoons, estuaries and other natural water bodies that traditionally have been providing
natural shelters (thotupola) for the fishing fleet, there are around 600 village level fish landing
beaches.
32
Table 6.2 Fishing Crafts Operated from Main Fishery Harbours - 2004
Habour
OBM
traditional
crafts
Beruwala
OBMFRP
boats
28-30
IBM day
boats
30-35
36-40
41-45
45<
3
36
142
178
8
14
40
27
11
78
Cod Bay
Galle
1
Hikkaduwa
Kirinda
19
IBM multiday boats
Total
381
72
15
52
124
12
276
56
31
24
15
3
129
146
165
Kudawella
10
151
58
1
220
Mirissa
29
26
98
23
176
Mutwal
4
20
24
(Foreign)
Puranawella
9
180
88
4
Tangalle
6
81
41
18
Kalpitiya
5
90
23
1
145
786
652
81
Totals
20
277
281
2
128
119
36
1977
Source: Ceylon Fishery Harbours Corporation
Table 6.3 Fishing Crafts Operated from Main Fishery Harbours - 2005
Harbour
OBM
traditional
crafts
OBMFRP
boats
28-30
IBM day
boats
IBM multiday boats
30-35
36-40
41-45
45<
Beruwala
36
93
182
61
16
Cod Bay
2
52
30
13
97
Galle
94
53
108
15
270
Hikkaduwa
79
26
11
3
119
Kudawella
9
133
61
2
205
Mirissa
3
14
61
16
94
25
129
94
17
277
Tangalle
6
79
30
17
132
Kalpitiya
4
86
30
3
123
258
665
607
147
Total
388
Kirinda
Mutwal
Puranawella
Totals
12
12
Source: Ceylon Fishery Harbours Corporation
33
16
1705
There were 1977 crafts that used harbours to land their fish in 2004 but it has declined to
1705 in 2005. Presently most small crafts were shifted to some other landing centres instead
of using harbours to avoid paying harbour dues. Number of crafts regularly using harbours to
land fish was about 1510 and the remaining crafts use ‘Thotupala’ located on the open beach
or the lagoon or the river mouth as the landing place.
Figure 6.1 Harbours and Anchorages of Sri Lanka
34
Table 6.4 Details of Facilities Available in Functioning Fishery Harbours
Beruwala
Kirinda
Galle
Mirissa
Puranawella
Tangalle
District
Kalutara
Hambantota
Galle
Matara
Matara
Hambantota
Divisional Secretariat
Beruwala
Kirinda
Galle
Weligama
Devinuwara
Tangalle
56
279
117
154
165
205
Basin area (ha)
10
3.2
5
7.9
2.9
2.1
Land area (ha)
4.2
3.5
6
1.54
1.8
0.72
Jetty length (m)
55
-
91
na
na
na
Quay wall length (m)
200
180
470
280
160
202
Main break water length (m)
450
440
-
478.8
275
-
Sub break water length (m)
80
330
-
-
na
-
2.5-3.0
2.5-3.5
3.0-6.0
2.5-3.0
2.5-3.0
2.5-3.0
480
150
350
316
116
230
-
5
+
5
na
5
Slip way (T)
30
na
+
na
na
15
Flake ice plant (T/d)
10
5
10
na
na
5
Block ice (T/d)
150
na
150
na
200
50
Ice storage (T)
450
100
na
na
-
100
Detail
Situation
Distance from Colombo (km)
General description
Dredging depth (m)
Berthing capacity (5-7)T vessels
Shore facilities
Boat lifting (T)
Work shop
(m2)
213
218
1580
240
na
365
Fish auction hall (m2)
600
274
na
245
180
na
Net mending hall (m2)
420
182
575
115
199
+
1
2
2
1
Fuel dispenser
4
Fuel storage (Ltr)
72,000
45,000
22,500
38,000
38,000
36,000
Bathing
+
+
+
+
+
+
Toilet
+
+
+
+
+
+
Canteen
+
+
+
+
+
na
Shops- provisions, spares
na
na
na
na
na
na
General facilities
Banking
na
na
na
na
na
na
Office building (m2)
105
135
132
206
100
465
Stores (m2)
124
113
4,264
na
na
na
47
29
3,492
254
60
21
Radio room
na
+
na
+
+
+
Three phase electricity
+
+
+
+
+
+
Drinking water tank (l)
136,000
49,000
34,000
214,000
70,00
38,000
na
+
+
na
+
na
Security office
(m2)
Circuit bungalow
Source: Ceylon Fishery Harbours Corporation (CFHC)
35
Table 6.4 Details of Facilities Available in Functioning Fishery Harbours
Cod-Bay
Mutuwal
Hikkaduwa
Kudawella
Kalpitiya
Panadura
District
Trincomalee
Colombo
Galle
Hambantota
Puttalam
Kalutara
Divisional Secretariat
Trincomalee
Maligawatte
Hikkaduwa
Tangalle
Kalpitiya
Panadura
257
5
100
190
170
30
Basin area (ha)
20
2.2
5
11
0.8
2.8
Land area (ha)
13
3.2
2
2.7
0.3
0.5
Jetty length (m)
30
-
-
-
58.4
-
Quay wall length (m)
152
120
135
203
46
50
Main break water length (m)
na
140
518
655
-
392
Sub break water length (m)
na
70
-
-
-
-
3.0-6.0
4.0-5.0
2.0-3.0
2.5-3.0
2.5-3.0
2.0-3.0
800
100
200
400
115
112
Boat lifting (T)
na
na
na
na
na
na
Slip way (T)
110
na
na
na
na
na
Flake ice plant (T/d)
na
na
na
na
na
na
Block ice (T/d)
na
100
na
na
na
na
Ice storage (T)
200
400
na
na
na
na
Detail
Situation
Distance from Colombo (km)
General description
Dredging depth (m)
Berthing capacity (5-7)T vessels
Shore facilities
Work shop
(m2)
850
na
na
na
na
na
(m2)
na
na
162
232
na
217
(m2)
na
na
236
241
na
229
1
na
1
1
na
na
24,500
na
36,000
38,000
na
na
Bathing
+
+
+
+
+
+
Toilet
+
+
+
+
+
+
Canteen
na
na
55
na
na
na
Shops- provisions, spares
na
na
na
na
na
na
Banking
na
na
na
na
na
na
3.7
105
na
75
86
108
Fish auction hall
Net mending hall
Fuel dispenser
Fuel storage (Ltr)
General facilities
Office building
Stores
(m2)
(m2)
117
272
na
na
na
na
Security office (m2)
29
100
8
52
30
26.8
Radio room
+
na
+
+
na
na
Three phase electricity
+
+
+
+
+
+
Drinking water tank (l)
173,00
50,000
27,500
117,000
25,000
-
+
na
na
na
na
na
Circuit bungalow
Source: Ceylon Fishery Harbours Corporation (CFHC)
Ten out of 12 fishing harbours in the country have been badly impacted to varying degrees
along with 37 anchorages. Damage has been caused to structure including, displacement of
36
breakwater rock boulders, shore structure and building, fuel tanks, pumps and distributor
systems, water tanks and supply systems, internal roads, slipways, boat repair yards.
Table 6.5 Coast Protection Constructions Completed During Year 2003
District
Matara
Place
Ginisgasmulla
Matara Fort
Nilwella/Hanwella
Denuwala
Colombo
Amount of
work
Construction of a gabien wall
Construction of revetment
Construction of groynes
Construction of a revetment and a
breakwater
Construction of coast protection structure
Construction of a revetment for the
Matara Beach Park
80 m
80 m
80 m
150 m
60 m
100 m
Ginthota
Wankalai
Karukkapana
Kandakuliya
Construction of a revetment
Construction of coast protection structure
Construction of 3 groynes
Construction of 2 groynes
100 m
Oddamawadi
Construction of a revetment
200 m
Jamaliyapura
Construction of a revetment
200 m
Kolpetty Army camp
Wellawatte police
official quarters
Construction of a revetment
Construction of a revetment
50 m
Thotamuna
Matara
Galle
Mannar
Puttalam
Work type
300 m
40 m each
Source: Department of Coast Conservation (CCD)
Table 6.6 Coast Protection Constructions Completed During Year 2004
District
Matara
Galle
Mannar
Place
Work type
Amount
of work
Ginisgasmulla
Kapparatota
Nilwella
Denuwala
Matara
Thotagamuwa
Goviapana
Construction of revetment
Construction of groyne
Construction of groyne
Construction of a groyne
Matara Beach Park
Construction of a revetment
Construction of a revetment
Ginthota-Boossa
Galle
200 m
Dodanduwa
Seenigama
Midigama
Construction of a revetment
Improvement of existing structures at
Galle Marine Drive
Construction of a revetment
Construction of a revetment
Construction of groynes
Wankalai
Construction of groynes
2/40 m
37
70 m
50 m
45 m
200 m
60m
200 m
250 m
40 m
Puttalam
Udappuwa
Wellamadama
Construction of 2 groynes
Construction of revetment
Hambanthota
Medilla
Improvement of existing coast protective
Gampaha
Kuttiduwa
Porutota
Improvement of existing coast protective
Off-shore breakwater
120 m
50 m
Colombo
Wellawatte
Palliyawatta/ Lansiyawatta
Improvement of existing coast protective
Improvement of existing coast protective
50 m
Kalutara
Maggona
Construction of a revetment
60 m
100 m
Source: Department of Coast Conservation (CCD)
Table 6.7 Coast Protection Constructions Completed During Year 2005
District
Place
Work type
Amount of
work
Matara
Mirissa
Akurala
Kappratota
Totamuna
Kottegoda
Goviapana
Construction of a revetment
Construction of a revetment
Constriction of a revetment
Construction of a revetment
Construction of a revetment
Construction of a revetment
Galle
Dodanduwa
Boossa
Paraliya
Kosgoda
Construction of a revetment
Construction of a revetment
Rehabilitation of a revetment
Construction of a Gabion Boxes revetment
80 m
200 m
320 m
300 m
Puttalam
Kandakuliya
Udappuwa
Karukapone
Wellamadama
Construction of 2 groynes
Construction of 5 groynes
Construction of a groyne
Construction of a revetment
80 m
115 m
50 m
300 m
Colombo
Moratuwa
Construction of a groyne & off-shore
breakwater
60 m
Gampaha
Porutota
Construction of offshore breakwater
50 m
All coastal
zone districts
Emergency coast
protection structures
Source: Department of Coast Conservation (CCD)
A total length of 685 km of Sri Lanka’s coastline between the Dutch Bay (northwest coast)
and Hambantota (south coast) is considered as erosion prone area. However, the entire
erosion prone area does not require active protection with the use of structures. Constructing
revetments, groynes and breakwaters during 2003 to 2005 protected over 5,000 m of erosionprone coastline.
38
60 m
150 m
210 m
187.5 m
150 m
100 m
Table 6.8 Ice Production by District - 2003
Fisheries Districts
No. of Ice
plants
Production
capacity
MT/day
Ice
production
MT/day
Price range of
Ice
(SLR/50 kg)
Puttlam
4
250.0
70
85-100
Trincomalee
3
200.0
104.5
90
Chilaw
6
350.0
108.5
70-100
Negombo
11(1)
380.0
264.0
70-100
Colombo
1
5.0
5.0
110
Kalutara
4(1)
300.0
91.0
95-110
Galle
4(1)
275.0
33.5
90-100
Matara
8(2)
234.0
165.0
85-90
Tangalle
6(1)
150.0
101.0
85-125
Matale
1
30.0
17.5
90
Anuradhapura
1
8.5
8.5
110
Batticaloa
2
10.0
4.5
110
Kalmunai
1
10.0
5.0
115
Kurunegala
1
22.5
10.0
100
51
1,332.5
988.0
Total
Source: National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA)
Note: Number of flake ice plants is indicated in parenthesis
39
Table 6.9 Ice Production by District - 2005
Active Ice Plants
District
Number
Ice Plants not operating
Production
Capacity
(t/day)
Number
Production
Capacity
(t/day)
Total Ice Plants
Total
Production
Total Ice
Capacity
Plants
(t/day)
Anuradhapura
1
10.0
-
-
1
10.0
Batticaloa
-
-
1
5.0
1
5.0
Chillaw
5
121.0
1
50.0
6
171.0
Colombo
2
10.0
1
5.0
3
15.0
Galle
3
76.6
1
5.2
4
81.8
10
329.0
-
-
10
329.0
Hambantota
3
40.0
4
117.0
7
157.0
Jaffna
6
8.2
-
-
6
8.2
Kalmunai
-
-
1
5.0
1
5.0
Kalutara
2
60.0
2
20.0
4
80.0
Mannar
Matale (some
old ice plants
went out of
operation)
4
34.0
-
-
4
34.0
1
8.4
-
-
1
8.4
Matara
5
180.0
2
17.5
7
197.5
Puttalam
3
90.4
1
72.0
4
162.4
Trincomalee
2
100.0
1
3.0
3
103.0
Grand Total
47
1,068
15
300
62
1,367.3
Gampaha
Source: Statistics Unit of MFAR and Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
The Ice production capacity in the country in 2002 was 1,332.5 tons per day and the
production was 988 tons. Though new plants have been built in different areas the total
production capacity has in fact got decreased by 4.7 percent when compared with the
estimated capacity in 1999. Throughout the year the production remained static without much
increase. Eighteen ice plants were severely damaged by tsunami but many of them have soon
been repaired an upgraded. In addition new plants were setup especially in northern and
eastern areas.
40
Table 6.10 Production of Fishing Nets and Gear
Year
Cey-Nor
Nets
Mending
twine
J.B.F.
Industries
Nets
Mending
twine
Malba Ropes (Pvt) Ltd.
Nets
Mending
twine
Ropes
kg
Grand
total
Total
Nets
Mending
twine
1993
173,835
7,713
239,811
57,393
120,000
15,000
370,000
533,646
80,106
983,752
1994
185,416
8,939
216,158
63,882
125,000
18,000
380,000
526,574
90,821
997,395
1995
184,460
12,110
217,821
72,677
130,000
22,000
395,000
532,281
106,787
1,034,068
1996
185,035
20,184
212,772
52,876
135,000
25,000
405,000
532,807
98,060
1,035,867
1997
170,765
14,145
227,166
82,867
140,000
27,000
425,000
537,931
124,012
1,086,943
1998
153,619
17,633
227,989
82,078
143,000
24,455
394,282
524,608
124,166
1,043,056
1999
198,435
11,370
244,525
95,237
145,500
23,891
365,539
588,460
130,498
1,084,497
2000
182,391
9,744
235,442
95,990
149,081
31,155
339,623
566,914
136,889
1,043,426
2001
179,702
19,722
274,148
192,224
111,924
62,980
498,729
565,774
274,926
1,339,429
2002
148,393
19,683
218,255
8,5341
578,000
98,500
625,000
944,608
203,524
1,773,132
2003
236,126
9,459
238,639
80,360
186,500
239,560
171,100
661,264
249,019
1,081,383
2004
245,040
8,791
270,544
68,858
296,850
170,450
1,898,000
812,434
248,099
2,958,533
2005*
311,953
10,248
235,215
72,040
702,460
546,250
1,367,187
1249,628
628,538
3,245,353
Source: National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA)
Demand for fishing gear material increased significantly in 2005 due to high demand for
replacement of destroyed fishing gear. Net production of Cey-Nor increased by 27 percent
and Malba Rope (Pvt) Ltd by 237 percent. In addition to the local production large quantities
of gear material have been imported by many INGOs and NGOs to distribute among tsunami
affected people but the quantities are not available.
41
7. TRADE AND MARKETING
Table 7.1 Quantity of Fish and Fishery Products Exported
Export item
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Shrimp
4,855.0
3,941.0
3,368.0
4,467.7
2,462.5
1,800
Lobster
164.2
198.0
272.0
455.6
235.9
183
Crab
554.5
677.0
1,302.0
1,106.4
1,107.9
1,012
86.7
84.0
140.0
160.6
271.4
258
1,013.2
790.0
640.0
685.4
na
na
Chank and shells
697.6
498.0
324.0
683.2
588.4
546
Shark fins
118.8
85.0
83.0
82.8
110.4
74
Molluscs
14.6
25.0
55.0
108.8
241.7
300
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.7
1.4
1
11,873.3
8,996.0
7,724.0
7,562.7
8,017.2
10,960
188.3
276.0
263.0
375.0
644.0
851
18,554
15,571
13,532
15,004
13,681
15,985
Beche-de-mer
Ornamental fish
Fish maws
Fish
Other
Total (mt)
Source: Sri Lanka Customs
Table 7.2 Value of Fish and Fishery Products Exported
Export item
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Shrimp
5,041.4
4,300.0
3,286.0
4,165.0
2,359.3
1,769
Lobster
157.1
221.0
317.0
164.8
219.5
267
Crab
154.2
203.0
374.0
320.0
371.7
363
Beche-de-mer
143.3
166.0
257.0
311.6
509.1
334
Ornamental fish
593.3
545.0
529.0
623.6
745.2
756
Chank and shells
90.0
92.0
58.0
121.3
92.6
124
Shark fins
105.2
242.0
215.0
336.0
342.9
165
Molluscs
14.1
13.0
37.0
66.5
96.2
98
0.9
2.0
3.0
3.2
3.3
3
3,781.5
3291.0
2,887.0
3,300.5
4,476.4
6,335
47.0
61.0
84.0
130.0
219.0
484
10,128.0
9,136.0
8,047.0
9,542.5
9,435.0
10,698
Fish maws
Fish
Other
Total (SLR mn)
Source: Sri Lanka Customs
The total quantity of fish and fishery products exported increased by 11 percent in 2003 than in 2002
due to improved supply of shrimps and shells but declined by 9 percent in 2004 than in 2003 due to
42
significant decline of shrimp exports. There was no impact of Tsunami on the export of fish and
fishery products and the exports increased by 17 percent in 2005. Increase in fish exports mainly
contributed to this improvement in 2005. The value earned also followed the same trend as the
quantities exported.
Exports of Sri Lankan fisheries products are limited to a few commodities of which shrimp and fish
(mainly tuna) have been the most important items. These two major items have accounted for 80, 77
80 percent by quantity and 78, 72 and 76 percent by value of the total fisheries exports in 2003, 2004
and 2005 respectively. The quantity of shrimp exported has declined by 45 and 60 percent while the
quantity of fish exported has increased by 6 and 45 percent respectively in 2004 and 2005 when
compared with 2003. Poor culture practices and lack of requisite management measures have
primarily been responsible for the decline in shrimp exports. The other items of seafood in great
demand in the overseas markets were lobsters crabs, cuttlefish, shark fins and beche-de-mer. The
exported volume of chanks and shells and lobsters has also declined by 14 and 48 percent in 2004
when compared with 2003. Over enthusiasm to meet ever-increasing demand in foreign markets has
led to these resources being overexploited over the years.
Table 7.3 Exports of Fish Landed by Foreign Tuna LonglineVessels
Destination
Sashimi market
European market
Total (mt)
2002
1,334
2003
3,152
2004
1,989
2005*
1,388
372
1,333
766
1,085
1,706
4,485
2,755
2,473
Source: Ceylon Fisheries Corporation (CFC)
Fish landed by foreign vessels (tuna longliners) are sorted into three grades based on the quality of
fish; grade I which is for export to the Sashimi market in frozen form, grade II which is for export to
the European market in chilled form and grade III fish which is transferred to the CFC for sale in the
local market. Grade III fish includes the fish from the export varieties but not fixed to grade I or
grade II and other varieties, which are not generally exported.
Of the total fish landed by the foreign fishing vessels, over 70 percent have been exported for the
Sashimi market in 2003 and 2004 but declined to 56 percent in 2005. Indirect impact of tsunami may
have influenced this decline. The quantity exported has increased by 163 percent in 2003 than in 2002
but subsequently declined by 38 percent in 2004 and 45 percent in 2005 than in 2003.
43
Table 7.4 Quantity of Fish and Fishery Products Imported
Import item
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Maldive fish
4,316.6
5,569.0
6,133.00
5,928.2
5,241.2
5,542
Dried fish
50,550.2
45,280.0
44,488.00
45,511.8
37,842.1
44,608
Canned fish
21,893.5
20,331.0
20,166.00
18,092.7
18,071.1
20,229
Fish
467.5
324.5
418.8
5,032.5
4,595.1
4,912
Other
112.1
82.5
330.2
554.0
1,534.8
1,293
77,339.9
71,587.0
71,536.0
75,119.2
67,,284.3
76,584
Total (mt)
Source: Sri Lanka Customs
Table 7.5 Value of Fish and Fishery Products Imported
Import item
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Maldive fish
655.6
1,003.0
996.0
877.3
788.0
832
2,979.4
3,262.0
2,930.0
2,853.6
2,430.5
2,916
1,469.
1,473.0
1,740.0
1,706.5
1,764.5
2,304
Fish
26.7
21.7
51.9
582.5
643.9
694
Other
26.8
29.0
81.0
125.3
317.1
353
5,157.5
5,788.7
5,798.9
6,145.2
5944.0
7,099
Dried fish
Canned fish
Total (SLR mn)
Source: Sri Lanka Customs
Imports of fish and fishery products has increased by 5 percent by volume and 6 percent by value in
2003 and has declined by 6 percent by volume and has increased by 3 percent by value in 2004 than
in 2002. The decline in imports in 2004 was mainly due to the decline in the volume of dried fish. The
quantity of dried fish imported in 2004 has declined by 17 percent by volume and 15 percent by value
compared with 2003. In 2005 import of fishery products has significantly increased. It increased by
14 percent by volume and 19 percent by value than that of 2004. High demand and low supply of fish
due to low production during 2005, has mainly influenced in importing fishery products to cater the
demand.
Since 1993 exports became out numbered than imports and trade balance became positive.
The highest earning was obtained in 2000 and thereafter decline until 2002. Since 2003, a
steady increase has been realized.
44
6000
5000
4000
SLR mn
3000
2000
1000
0
1986
1988
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
-1000
-2000
Figure 7.1 Trade Balance
Trade Balance
Marketing of fish in Sri Lanka is dominated by the private sector. The Government has attempted to
intervene in the marketing of fish primarily with the intention of stabilising prices, fostering better
competition and ensuring the island-wide distribution of fish. The policy of the Government is not to
control the activities of private traders but rather to encourage more persons and organizations to enter
this trade and thereby improve competition. These interventions have been made through the CFC.
CFC’s activities include purchasing of fish from the landing centres, wholesale marketing and
foreign/joint venture vessels. However, the CFC has never handled more than 1.5 percent of the total
production over the past few years and the amount handled by the CFC in 2003 and in 2004 has been
only around 1.2 percent of the island’s total production of fish but increased over 2 percent in 2005.
Impact of the tsunami on the marketing facilities has hampered the private sector involvement in
trading to some extent.
45
Table 7.6 Fish Handled by Ceylon Fisheries Corporation (CFC)
Marketing Region
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Colombo
217.0
253.0
371.12
261.7
322.5
286.12
Operation Division
1057.0
1306.0
1057.4
1288.7
883.3
58.08
Wholesale market
188.0
224.0
190.0
209.10
282.8
1,742.95
Packing (packet) division
111.0
82.0
90.0
142.2
127.2
82.40
Kurunegala
178.0
130.0
131.8
103.7
138.3
195.59
Kalpitiya
112.0
130.0
75.8
82.1
51.4
-
Kandy
643.0
447.0
426.2
327.4
374.9
277.53
43.0
33.0
54.2
41.1
24.3
7.30
173.0
248.0
187.1
186.5
212.5
61.82
77.0
52.0
75.5
99.0
177.6
70.94
169.0
109.0
23.7
21.9
112.6
365.77
Bandarawela
98.0
92.0
99.4
113.9
113.1
76.37
Chilaw
53.0
63.0
56.1
53.5
53.4
-
143.0
77.0
70.5
67.4
85.2
-
6.0
13.0
8.9
9.8
14.5
11.34
Batticaloa
44.0
15.0
32.0
19.0
24.7
16.73
Ratnapura
104.0
81.0
89.5
78.3
51.4
19.75
Puranawella
58.0
57.0
40.9
6.8
64.1
3.86
Kalmunai
19.0
21.0
28.7
4.2
0.4
1.74
Negombo
248.0
154.0
61.5
18.2
76.2
65.01
74.0
5.0
83.4
196.0
65.0
-
156.0
112.0
77.0
66.9
87.12
47.95
Matale
31.0
16.0
6.8
na
na
na
Mirissa
41.0
27.0
26.1
10.0
68.2
2.05
Total handled by CFC (mt)
4043
3,747
3,364
3,407
3,411
3,393
304,380
284,760
302,890
284,960
286,370
163,230
1.33
1.32
1.11
1.20
1.19
2.1
Anuradhapura
Tangalle
Galle
Beruwala
Trincomalee
Minneriya filleting factory
Ambalangoda
Gampaha
Island’s Total fish production (mt)
Quantity handled by CFC as a
percent of total production
Source: Ceylon Fisheries Corporation (CFC)
46
Table7.7 Fish Purchased by CFC from Foreign Tuna Long line Vessels
Volume (mt)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
1,583
1,971
1,284
646
502
Source: Ceylon Fisheries Corporation (CFC)
It is mandated that the Grade III quality fish of export varieties and all non-export varieties landed by
the foreign fishing boats be sold to CFC. The quantities purchased by the CFC from the foreign
vessels steadily declined from 2002, by 35 percent in 2003, 47 percent in 2004 and 75 percent in 2005
than of the purchases in 2002. These reduced purchases were caused by the reductions in the overall
landings of the foreign vessels
Table 7.8 Monthly Fish Purchased by CFC from Foreign Tuna Longline Vessels
Year
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Total (mt)
2003
134
239
159
168
102
136
86
6
39
72
52
36
1,284
2004
71
80
91
86
39
39
93
102
29
7
4
5
646
2005*
25
67
16
8
4
62
78
62
38
32
34
74
502
Source: Ceylon Fisheries Corporation (CFC)
Colombo Central Fish Market (St. John’s Market or Pettah Fish Market) receives fish from all parts of
the island. Except Tilapia, the average wholesale prices of other varieties have increased in 2003 over
and above the prices reported as having prevailed in 2002. Highest price increase of 18 percent was
reported in the case the premium fish thora (seer fish) while there was a 14 percent increase in the
case of kumbalawa (indian mackeral). Prices of other varieties increased in 2003, the variations
ranging between 4 to 9 times the prices that prevailed in 2003.
In 2004 the average price of salaya and kumbalawa came down by 6 and 3 percent respectively from
the prices in 2003. A large increase in price of 18 percent was reported for thalapath (sailfish) and 16
percent for mullet (rock fish) followed by 12 percent for kelawalla (yellowfin tuna) and Thilapia. This
reflects a greater fluctuation of price due to the instability of supply. Price of all fish varieties has
increased in 2005 due to short supply of fish.
47
Table 7.9 Average Wholesale Prices (Rupees) of Major Fish Species/Varieties at
Colombo Central (St. John’s) Fish Market
Variety
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Salaya
46.22
33.84
28.63
40.04
50.28
52.48
49.54
61.71
Hurulla
65.86
56.17
63.81
79.73
74.65
81.41
82.98
98.38
Balaya
65.77
60.17
80.77
95.45
83.47
90.96
99.07
106.91
Kelawalla
98.98
93.60
127.02
155.07
121.98
133.09
150.07
155.58
Thora
200.54
183.47
269.73
300.28
259.47
306.15
335.42
365.89
Para
128.87
126.37
139.72
161.62
146.79
157.50
175.12
186.96
Mora
82.07
80.90
99.56
118.04
110.32
119.21
130.44
144.17
140.16
129.67
181.43
209.08
181.59
188.49
221.59
232.77
Kumbalawa
83.25
83.21
138.55
113.70
110.32
125.66
122.08
155.07
Mullet
85.40
83.75
94.56
108.30
107.30
114.30
132.56
148.36
Thilapia
42.35
45.92
53.17
56.90
57.42
55.44
62.27
69.45
SLR /US$
64.59
70.39
75.78
89.36
96.71
98.00
98.00
100
Thalapath
Source: Statistical unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
48
180
160
140
SLR/kg
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1990
1995
1998
1999
Balaya
2000
2001
2002
Kelaw alla
2003
2004
2005
2004
2005
2004
2005
Kum balaw a
120
100
SLR/kg
80
60
40
20
0
1990
1995
1998
1999
2000
Salaya
2001
2002
Hurulla
2003
Thilapia
400
350
SLR/kg
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1990
1995
1998
1999
2000
Thora
2001
Thalpath
2002
2003
Para
Figure 7.2 Wholesale Prices of Selected Fish Species at Colombo Central Fish Market
49
Table 7.10 Monthly Average Wholesale Prices of Major Fish Species/Varieties at Colombo Central Fish Market
Month
January 2003
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Annual Average (SLR)
Month
January 2004
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Annual Average (SLR)
Salaya
53.68
52.54
53.98
57.70
58.68
69.73
51.39
51.49
46.53
43.35
39.69
51.02
52.48
Salaya
51.29
52.95
45.58
44.72
62.49
62.29
54.38
43.75
54.83
42.02
35.03
45.15
49.54
Hurulla
80.54
80.56
91.09
109.00
105.54
105.07
84.78
83.96
64.16
46.18
56.70
69.30
81.41
Hurulla
81.53
78.13
78.56
76.49
94.58
101.75
104.27
95.81
86.98
79.58
54.33
63.77
82.98
Balaya
97.24
73.47
90.45
103.40
106.24
106.41
91.67
89.15
77.00
82.78
85.19
88.51
90.96
Balaya
101.77
97.54
84.62
91.81
121.60
121.49
101.46
92.19
109.79
93.13
71.81
101.67
99.07
Kelawalla
146.58
127.86
129.24
138.30
146.58
155.25
138.41
123.92
102.72
111.11
128.50
148.63
133.09
Kelawalla
152.41
136.88
119.38
131.75
161.01
183.51
154.97
159.06
179.83
157.57
127.71
136.75
150.07
Source: Statistical unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
50
Thora
331.67
297.39
310.51
304.70
331.67
357.69
252.55
293.74
274.71
320.62
261.80
336.76
306.15
Thora
354.50
346.37
310.84
270.95
296.85
419.12
345.42
418.38
341.40
330.31
265.00
325.95
335.42
Paraw
157.77
132.81
126.59
133.90
157.77
207.17
171.96
167.70
143.97
148.55
167.26
174.59
157.50
Paraw
176.25
165.63
146.39
161.36
163.06
200.44
195.66
201.07
201.00
180.36
156.61
153.61
175.12
Mora
123.84
111.45
111.90
117.80
123.84
146.24
124.82
132.59
108.81
105.90
109.54
113.84
119.21
Mora
126.30
115.31
111.83
123.33
135.24
147.70
142.63
136.72
146.73
143.17
117.92
118.40
130.44
Kumbalawa
112.66
103.96
101.45
123.90
132.66
174.27
176.50
139.14
128.64
108.93
102.53
103.29
125.66
Kumbalawa
117.95
104.51
100.54
126.59
152.28
170.83
170.42
127.83
127.80
107.25
78.84
80.16
122.08
Thalapth
211.23
173.42
164.63
183.90
211.23
250.44
169.49
175.57
157.37
183.43
194.75
186.43
188.49
Thalapth
190.59
189.85
179.91
184.73
212.86
250.58
246.67
216.91
255.42
326.98
198.30
206.26
221.59
Thilapia
48.33
53.33
55.00
57.00
60.00
64.41
57.50
63.42
58.67
50.10
45.83
51.67
55.44
Thilapia
55.83
55.67
52.67
66.25
61.67
65.31
69.38
76.15
63.15
66.00
58.50
56.67
62.27
Table 7.11 Monthly Average Wholesale Prices of Major Fish Species/Varieties at Colombo Central Fish Market
Month
January – 2005
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Salaya
32.03
37.24
40.16
61.18
80.20
80.81
87.89
65.31
80.38
56.04
55.98
63.30
Hurulla
57.37
74.49
93.14
130.77
134.25
135.14
100.50
97.89
98.31
84.00
82.97
91.73
Balaya
85.07
89.75
103.53
147.50
133.75
97.80
101.58
99.75
104.05
100.28
102.63
117.26
Kelawalla
107.96
103.05
123.11
198.64
188.91
170.02
161.25
160.50
170.97
156.36
155.95
170.25
Thora
217.99
305.28
338.90
374.75
398.75
397.88
424.45
367.42
408.86
367.03
387.21
402.19
Paraw
127.71
117.40
138.83
179.89
197.50
229.50
206.17
221.28
211.07
201.85
199.40
212.97
Mora
92.09
100.06
109.91
140.63
150.81
188.60
155.50
163.28
158.89
151.43
157.34
161.47
Kumbalawa
98.75
96.03
128.55
186.61
210.06
236.83
211.85
201.23
127.40
95.08
130.83
137.60
Thalapath
163.15
176.14
172.81
227.22
246.25
262.65
265.50
260.22
254.46
253.63
249.94
261.28
Thilapia
62.50
70.00
62.50
73.33
70.00
88.33
75.00
65.00
71.00
62.00
63.75
70.00
Annual Average (SLR)
61.71
98.38
106.91
155.58
Source: Statistical unit of the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
365.89
186.96
144.17
155.07
232.77
69.45
51
A seasonal decline of the price of salaya and hurulla was reported during the inter-monsoonal period
between September and November in 2003 and between October and December in 2004. The price of
balaya, kelawalla, thalpath and paraw has also come down during the inter-monsoon periods from
Febrary /March to April and October/November to December in both years. A lower price prevailed
for kumbalawa and Tilapia during the inter-monsoon period and during the Northeast monsoon season
which extends from October/November to February/March.
Price of sea fish significantly declined just after the tsunami and low prices prevailed over two
months, January to February 2005 and thereafter significantly increased beyond that reported in 2004
for the similar period. Shortage of supply and price hike of fuel mainly contributed for this increase.
Table 7.12 Average Retail Prices of Major Fish Species/Varieties at Colombo Region
Variety
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Salaya
64.41
54.43
64.42
83.85
89.90
91.74
89.13
113.66
Hurulla
86.11
82.34
102.59
127.74
126.32
133.09
134.60
161.42
Balaya
113.12
107.51
150.55
179.00
182.21
202.44
211.59
241.42
Kelawalla
161.31
155.33
212.49
271.00
247.35
261.65
280.14
315.81
Thora
282.21
281.82
381.23
459.50
386.62
433.67
472.92
528.78
Para
210.71
209.82
244.58
299.70
246.64
275.30
291.33
336.27
Mora
117.89
115.53
160.30
193.60
186.71
195.78
218.68
258.33
Thalapath
189.01
187.09
247.28
305.00
269.60
279.52
307.33
341.92
Kumbalawa
107.55
105.25
132.42
143.30
153.55
177.54
174.89
212.83
Mullet
112.45
113.12
148.40
162.50
158.00
174.60
187.35
na
70.12
79.17
93.75
108.60
112.00
115.28
131.81
155.93
Thilapia
Source: Statistical unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
A higher price variation in the retail market was reported from 2002 and 2003, which was more than
the variations from 2003 to 2004. The pattern in regard to the wholesale prices was quite similar. The
retail prices of balaya, thora, para, kumbalawa and mullet have increased by more than 10 percent
while the prices of other fish have increased by 2-5 percent in 2003 than that of 2002. In 2004, only
the prices of mora and Tilapia have increased by more than 10 percent. Price increase in the case of
Tilapia in 2004 clearly reflects the decline of Thilapia production due to the prolonged drought
conditions, which prevailed during 2004. Except thora and balaya the retail price of all varieties have
increased by more than 15 percent in 2005 than in 2004. Small pelagic fish such as salaya, hurulla and
kumbalawa increased over 20 percent and tilapia by 18 percent, which are more popular among
consumers of low-income groups. Consumer preference and the scarcity are the main reasons for
high price commanded for these varieties over the years.
52
0
Wholesale
Retail
53
Thilapia
Kumbalawa
Thalapath
Thilapia
Mullet
Kumbalawa
120
350
100
300
250
80
200
60
150
100
40
50
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
2005
500
400
200
300
150
200
100
100
50
0
Market margin SLR/kg
400
Market margin SLR/kg
Thilapia
Mullet
Kumbalawa
Thalapath
Mora
Para
Thora
Kelawalla
Balaya
Hurulla
Salaya
SLR/kg
450
Market margin SLR/kg
Retail
Thalapath
Retail
Mora
600
Mora
Para
Thora
Kelawalla
Balaya
Wholesale
Para
Wholesale
Thora
Kelawalla
Balaya
Hurulla
Salaya
SLR/kg
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Hurulla
Salaya
SLR/kg
500
2003
140
0
Market m argin
2004
120
0
Market m argin
250
Market m argin
Figure 7.3 Wholesale and Retail Market Margins
Wholesale and retail sales margins in the Colombo region ranged from 42-123 per cent in 2003, 39114 percent in 2004 and 37-195 percent in 2005. The highest market sales margin was reported for
balaya, kelawalla and Tilapia in all three years. High demand due to high consumer preference of
balaya and kelawalla could retail with high price while short supply of Tilapiya for urban areas would
influence higher retail margin. The lowest margin was reported for thora in all three years. Higher unit
price would have limited the demand for thora resulting a low margin. Retail margin of low valued
fish such as salaya and hurulla, which are the most preferred fish among low-income groups were
over 75 and 60 percent respectively in all three years.
54
Table 7.13 Monthly Average Retail Prices of Major Fish Species/Varieties at Colombo Central Fish Market (2003-2005)
Month
January - 2003
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Annual Average (SLR)
Month
January - 2004
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Annual Average (SLR)
Salaya
95.42
93.92
95.83
97.30
98.13
100.75
91.05
96.67
79.00
87.33
81.00
84.46
Hurulla
125.67
122.92
139.05
145.00
154.17
169.75
151.67
136.50
131.00
105.84
97.50
118.00
Balaya
194.00
180.00
195.00
212.50
235.83
238.33
206.92
192.08
194.92
179.58
197.50
202.67
Kelawalla
254.00
239.25
240.00
244.30
287.50
300.75
283.75
261.25
246.67
247.50
257.03
265.84
Thora
477.25
424.34
421.13
455.80
466.50
493.50
458.81
381.67
401.64
397.38
428.67
397.38
Paraw
271.83
248.27
244.66
255.90
285.13
330.83
314.58
279.63
280.04
263.67
256.58
272.50
Mora
195.25
188.75
179.58
179.20
185.00
235.00
213.34
216.50
203.50
185.17
178.09
190.00
Kumbalawa
182.50
151.67
165.50
180.70
240.00
215.00
225.00
197.44
193.34
153.33
178.34
167.71
Thalapth
297.50
280.00
246.67
245.50
292.50
327.50
304.58
253.75
278.75
272.50
282.50
272.50
Tilapia
110.00
110.00
100.00
120.00
125.00
127.50
127.50
117.50
112.50
100.00
113.33
120.00
91.74
133.09
202.44
260.65
433.67
275.30
195.78
187.54
279.52
115.28
Salaya
78.87
78.07
71.26
70.00
88.18
88.79
76.24
75.25
82.53
68.06
66.24
75.15
Hurulla
124.25
122.74
115.64
119.99
127.75
143.38
140.05
126.34
119.85
109.23
101.85
105.63
Balaya
166.42
160.79
159.13
165.41
195.04
203.85
173.05
179.25
193.85
176.65
160.75
181.59
Kelawalla
253.73
230.34
217.14
221.33
255.74
280.04
262.05
257.01
281.76
268.65
228.18
256.58
Thora
442.78
462.05
410.28
391.81
431.10
556.22
500.23
483.84
445.64
427.31
382.25
435.34
Paraw
289.56
285.80
262.63
275.73
284.73
323.25
339.58
339.02
323.17
315.46
284.33
291.40
Mora
183.58
178.30
168.92
188.66
190.25
204.43
212.33
203.29
208.80
205.48
196.62
200.65
Kumbalawa
158.33
173.63
162.05
178.96
215.56
180.00
214.83
184.67
200.10
164.58
133.21
132.71
Thalapth
285.07
276.53
274.10
277.66
304.74
331.36
331.37
322.95
337.15
318.34
297.14
311.99
Tilapia
120.00
125.00
125.00
140.00
161.00
126.67
133.33
135.00
116.67
140.00
Na
Na
76.55
121.40
176.32
251.05
447.40
301.22
195.11
174.89
305.70
110.22
55
Month
January – 2005
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Salaya
108.33
79.58
79.25
92.50
129.75
141.67
142.33
133.17
132.32
104.00
114.82
106.25
Hurulla
166.25
125.63
144.42
161.25
178.33
203.13
194.75
169.17
160.84
145.54
138.00
149.75
Balaya
237.50
188.33
205.00
230.00
285.42
269.17
244.58
247.68
259.59
224.79
252.75
256.00
Kelawalla
301.46
222.50
253.42
279.67
338.83
351.84
339.06
341.25
355.83
318.00
333.69
354.17
Annual Average (SLR)
113.66
161.42
241.73
Source: Statistical Unit of the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
315.81
56
Thora
481.66
433.33
458.67
490.67
533.75
581.25
592.58
545.42
574.17
516.67
582.00
555.17
Paraw
280.20
236.63
259.25
290.88
330.00
380.54
395.88
380.33
383.75
347.14
378.46
372.21
Mora
255.00
193.33
209.59
236.25
256.25
283.33
296.75
280.00
280.54
251.67
283.34
273.96
Kumbalawa
209.16
163.75
177.50
209.25
245.42
255.42
270.63
211.67
225.50
178.44
195.00
212.17
Thalapath
348.88
277.50
289.58
321.25
300.00
340.00
360.00
365.00
370.00
375.83
350.00
405.00
Tilapiya
155.00
140.00
170.00
173.33
160.00
175.00
160.00
150.00
120.00
528.78
336.27
258.33
212.83
341.92
155.93
Table 7.14 Wholesale Prices of Imported Dried Fish at Colombo Central Market
Varieties
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Sprats
90.60
88.70
109.29
111.19
118.97
124.28
156.68
Kattawa
163.20
183.90
215.77
196.14
215.24
237.90
279.43
Mora
109.70
121.90
164.11
154.03
160.44
180.50
201.79
Balaya
52.60
69.40
99.27
83.65
119.43
131.19
134.32
Anguluwa
76.70
92.80
116.08
111.83
120.97
127.50
154.17
Maduwa
38.80
52.20
66.77
64.35
53.41
65.08
89.59
Salaya
40.50
99.20
53.94
65.70
67.57
74.14
84.39
Source: Statistical Unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Table 7.15 Wholesale Prices of Local Dried Fish at Colombo Central Market
Varieties
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Sprats
116.10
128.70
153.00
149.82
173.65
175.96
199.97
Kattawa
179.80
201.60
238.39
209.96
239.56
257.64
321.53
Mora
105.40
121.70
150.00
143.24
158.87
132.20
200.93
Balaya
98.30
94.90
126.39
113.94
135.23
143.16
152.42
Anguluwa
96.50
95.00
102.13
129.90
100.65
94.75
205.79
Maduwa
83.60
100.80
123.74
84.36
90.85
104.87
140.86
Salaya
55.90
66.20
86.56
85.59
84.54
102.64
112.05
Source: Statistical Unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Wholesale prices of dried fish of most varieties, both imported and locally produced, increased in
2003 except imported maduwa and locally produced anguluwa and salaya. The highest price increase
was reported in respect of balaya,both imported and locally produced, followed by imported katta and
locally produced sprats. In 2004, wholesale price of all imported varieties of dried fish increased
between 5 to 13 percent and the prices of maduwa increased by 22 percent. While of the locally
produced varieties of maduwa and salaya increased by 15 and 21 percent, mora and anguluwa
declined by 17 and 6 percent respectively mainly due to low quality of the products. In 2005,
wholesale price of all imported varieties of dried fish increased between 2 to 38 percent, the lowest
increase was for balaya and the highest increase was for maduwa and the price of sprats increased by
28 percent while the locally produced varieties increased 6 to 117 percent. Balaya increased by 6
percent while Aguluwa increased by 117 percent and mora 52 percent maduwa 34 percent and
kattawa 25 percent.
57
Except mora and anguluwa, wholesale price of locally produced dried fish remained higher than
imported varieties in 2003 and 2005 and only mora in 2005. The price of locally produced sprats and
maduwa were 46 and 70 percent higher than those imported in 2003, 43 and 61 percent higher in
2004 and 27 and 57 percent in 2005. However, the price of locally produced mora and anguluwa was
1 and 16 percent lower in 2003 and 27 and 26 percent lower in 2004 but quite similar in 2005. Shark
(mora) landings from multi-day boats are basically used in making dry fish. Generally ice is used in
the preservation of fish onboard multi-day boats; however since landings of shark valued is more for
fins which are exported rather than for the flesh sufficient attention is not paid for the proper
preservation of shark with ice. In addition more ice is required and the preservation of the whole fish
would also take considerable space in the fish holds. Catfish (anguluwa) used in producing dried fish
are generally small in size and thus they fetch lower prices than imported dried catfish.
Table 7.16 Average Retail Prices of Dried Fish in Colombo Suburb Markets
Varieties
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
Sprats
131.17
137.54
163.85
155.00
171.50
186.35
231.61
Kattawa
260.81
276.51
332.41
290.55
313.74
342.82
405.27
Thora
285.94
308.62
332.22
335.55
372.97
411.04
436.01
Mora
190.31
198.13
232.19
238.15
265.54
276.95
306.87
Balaya
131.34
142.45
164.16
165.69
211.65
224.00
258.36
Anguluwa
161.11
170.16
194.63
198.24
219.23
227.84
279.29
87.22
99.26
110.34
103.27
128.96
181.52
200.68
Salaya
Source: Statistical Unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Retail prices of all selected varieties included in the above table have increased in 2003, 2004 and
2005 over the 2002 levels. Price of salaya and balaya increased by 28 and 25 percent respectively
while the others increased by 8 to 12 percent in 2003. The highest price increase of 41 percent was
reported in regard to salaya in 2004; the others increased 4 to 10 percent than 2002. Price of salaya
increased by 95 percent while sprats and balaya increased by 50 percent in 2005 than that of 2002.
Sprat is the variety of dried fish most popular among the consumers in all income categories in Sri
Lanka. Though the price of locally produced sprat is higher than the imported commodity, the import
of large quantities would enable the maintenance of prices at reasonable levels. Trade margin of
dried fish varieties in all three years are quite similar and the highest margin was in respect of
maduwa followed by salaya and mora. These varieties are more popular among low-income
groups: mora and maduwa are popular particularly in the estate sector.
58
400
350
300
300
250
200
200
150
100
100
Percentage
SLR/kg
2003
50
0
0
S pra ts
Ka tta wa
M o ra
B a la ya
Wholesale
Anguluwa
Retail
M a duwa
S a la ya
Market m argin
500
300
400
250
200
300
150
200
100
100
Percentage
SLR/kg
2004
50
0
0
Sprats
Kattawa
Mora
Balaya
Wholesale
Anguluwa
Retail
Maduwa
Salaya
Market margin
500
250
400
200
300
150
200
100
100
50
0
0
Sprats
Kattawa
Mora
Balaya
Wholesale
Anguluwa
Retail
Maduwa
Salaya
Market pargin
Figure 7.4 Wholesale and Retail Market for Dried Fish
60
Percentage
SLR/kg
2005
8. FISH PRESERVATION, PROCESSING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
Table 8.1 Local Production of Dried Fish
Total fish
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005*
276,900
300,380
284,760
302,890
284,960
286,370
163,230
18,450
24,360
17,640
24,690
54,340
63,470
18,900
6.7
8.1
6.2
8.2
19.1
22.1
11.6
production (mt)
Dried fish
production (mt)
Percentage of
production
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Dried fish production increased by 29,650 mt in 2003 and 38,780 mt in 2004 over the 2002 levels
reflecting increased value addition. Inadequacy of effectively insulated fish holds as well as the lack
of refrigeration facilities in the offshore multi-day fishing boats have led to the production of dried
fish onboard in order to minimize post harvest losses. In 2005 dried fish production declined by 70
percent due to shortage of fish for processing. Low supply and high demand lead fish to sell in fresh
form.
Table 8.2 Operating License Granted to Exporters
Type of Establishment
2003
1
No. of permits
2004
2
2005*
5
Renewal of permits of processing establishments
11
15
22
Frozen shrimp
5
6
9
Fresh fish loins
8
9
13
Permits for new processing establishments
Source: Quality Control Division of the Ministry of Fisheries and Ocean Resources
According to the Fish Products (Export) Regulations Gazetted in 1998, seafood (fish processing)
processing establishments are required to obtain an operational license renewable on an annual basis.
The fee per operating license is SLR 1,000.
The implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) system in fish, prawns and
other seafood processing factories is a mandatory requirement to obtain licences from the Competent
Authority in Sri Lanka (the Quality Control Division of the Department of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources) to export to the European and USA fish markets.
61
Table 8.3 Seafood Exported Under Health Certificates
Market
Product type
Japan
Fresh fish
Frozen shrimp
Crabs
Frozen lobster
European Union
Fresh fish
Frozen shrimp
Crabs
Frozen lobster
United States of
America
Fresh fish
Frozen shrimp
Crabs
Frozen lobster
Other countries
Fresh fish
Frozen shrimp
Crabs
Frozen lobster
Total quantity
2003
2,871
2,933
15
40
Quantity (mt)
2004
1,567
1,654
30
49
2005*
1,651
1,119
4
26
3,035
322
12
132
357
146
8
535
110
182
82
3,485
200
27
46
966
257
23
946
90
180
91
5,130
220
47
12
380
344
458
17
2,395
17
136
107
10,779
9,611
12,065
Source: Quality Control Division, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
62
9. FISH AND FOOD SECURITY
Figure 9.1 Composition of Food Consumed by Average Household in 2002
Cereals, mainly rice, is the staple food in the Sri Lankan diet, has shown a decline during
1980 to 2002. Among the animal origin food the share is contributed by fish and fishery
products (processed fish).
Table 9.1 Per capita Availability of Calories, Proteins and Fat from Vegetables, Fish
and Other Animal Resources
Year
Calories per day
Vegetable
Fish
Other
Protein (Gram per day)
Vegetable
Fish
animal
Other
Fat (Gram per day)
Vegetable
Fish
animal
Other
animal
2000
2159.7
58.51
111.69
38.60
10.49
8.07
38.6
1.83
6.43
2001
2234.3
57.38
110.55
41.40
9.97
8.42
39.4
1.75
6.20
2002
2202.3
57.16
113.30
41.00
10.03
8.57
35.9
1.70
6.30
Source: Food Balance Sheet- Department of Census and Statistics
63
Table 9.2 Supply of Fish, Dried fish and Canned Fish for Consumption
Unit
Mid year population
2001
2002
2003
2004*
18,732,000
18,900,000
19,252,000
19,400,000
Fresh Fish
Production
'000 mt
284.76
302.89
284.96
286.37
Export
'000 mt
9.20
8.10
7.90
8.01
Import
'000 mt
1.20
1.00
5.50
4.55
Animal feed
'000 mt
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
Manufacture
'000 mt
44.00
61.00
54.00
63.47
Wastage (10%)
'000 mt
85.43
30.29
28.50
28.64
Total supply
'000 mt
151.53
207.60
202.96
193.81
kg/yr
8.09
10.98
10.54
9.99
Production
'000 mt
17.64
24.69
21.84
25.39
Change in stock
'000 mt
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Export
'000 mt
na
na
na
na
Import
'000 mt
45.20
44.50
45.50
37.84
Wastage
'000 mt
na
na
na
na
Total supply
'000 mt
62.83
69.18
67.33
63.22
kg/yr
3.35
3.66
3.50
3.26
Production
'000 mt
na
na
na
na
Change in stock
'000 mt
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Export
'000 mt
na
na
na
na
Import
'000 mt
20.30
20.20
18.10
18.07
Wastage
'000 mt
na
na
na
na
Total supply
'000 mt
20.29
20.19
18.09
18.06
Per capita supply
kg/yr
1.08
1.07
0.94
0.93
Total per capita supply
kg/yr
12.52
15.71
14.98
14.18
Per capita supply
Dried fish
Per capita supply
Canned Fish
Source: Statistical unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Per capita supply of fresh fish has declined by 4 percent and 10 percent in 2003 and 2004 respectively
compared with 2002, while the per capita supply of dried fish and canned fish has declined by 5 and
64
11percent respectively in 2003 compared 2002. The per capita supply of dried fish has further
declined by 7 percent in 2004 over 2003 due to reduced imports.
Table 9.3 Average Household Fish Consumption per Month by Variety
Variety
Balaya/Kelawalla
Mullet
Mora
Thalapath
Para
Seer
Other
Sub-total
Sparts
Hurulla/Salya
Karalla/Katuwalla
Kumbala
Para/Angila
Others
Sub-total
Lula
Hunga
Tilapiya
Carps
Other
Sub-total
Prawn
Crabs
Cuttlefish &Other
Sub-total
Household size 4.2 persons
Household size 4.0 persons
1995/96
2002/2003
Quantity (g)
Percentage
Quantity (g)
Percentage
511.53
19.01
654.02
20.88
24.15
0.90
115.01
3.66
108.76
4.04
32.00
1.04
157.73
5.86
130.00
4.15
115.55
4.29
134.02
4.29
21.35
0.79
64.01
2.05
0.00
0.00
268.03
8.55
939.07
34.90
1,397.08
44.63
86.36
1,335.38
27.48
42.51
32.90
1.15
1,525.78
3.21
49.63
1.02
1.58
1.22
0.04
56.70
90.00
723.03
37.00
79.02
0.00
222.01
1,151.06
2.86
23.10
1.19
2.52
0.00
7.10
36.77
8.60
0.76
184.56
1.71
0.00
195.63
0.32
0.03
6.86
0.06
0.00
7.27
18.00
0.00
364.40
0.01
79.40
460.81
0.56
0.00
11.63
0.00
2.53
14.72
17.97
6.17
6.29
30.43
0.67
0.23
0.23
1.13
79.14
29.01
13.02
121.17
2.53
0.92
0.42
3.87
Source: Department of Census and Statistics
65
Table 9.4 Production, foreign trade, Distribution and Per Capita Availabilities of Commodities
Fish
Meat
1. Beef
2. Pork
3. Mutton (Goat
& Sheep)
4. Poultry
Total Meat
Eggs
1. Fresh fish
2. Dried &
Salted fish
3. Canned fish
Total Fish
1. Cow milk
27.41
1.95
1.58
82.06
53.64
284.7
6
17.64
222.4
1
69.81
15.73
27.47
1.95
2.18
0.14
1.52
83.37
5.24
15.57
1.95
53.64
271.14
5.07
0.00
54.20
0.05
20.41
0.07
Fat gms.
per day
Prot:g ms
per day
Calories Per day
grams Per day
Food net
kg / year
Per capita availability
Food gross
Waste
Manufacture
Seed
Available supply
Animal feed
Distribution
0.06
0.00
0.60
2. Buffaloa milk
3. Tinned
-0.40
(Whole dried)
4. Condensed
4.43
0.01
milk
5. Milk food
1.69
(Yoghurt, etc)
Total milk
Source: Department of Census and Statistics
Milk
Gross imports
Gross exports
Change in stocks
Commodity
Production
Production, foreign trade & availability
27.47
1.95
2.18
27.47
1.95
2.18
1.47
0.10
0.12
4.02
0.29
0.32
8.12
1.06
0.38
0.76
0.04
0.07
0.56
0.10
0.01
78.13
78.13
4.17
11.43
52.68
140.63
52.68
140.63
2.81
7.51
7.70
20.57
12.46
22.01
13.33
26.41
2.96
3.83
1.02
4.01
0.07
0.74
1.02
1.04
71.84
71.84
71.84
3.84
10.51
25.74
5.33
0.42
20.36
20.36
20.36
1.09
2.98
62.67
161.74
161.74
8.63
23.66
5.12
57.28
15.85
0.63
9.97
0.76
0.29
1.75
0.97
0.03
69.81
59.57
69.81
59.57
3.73
3.18
10.21
8.71
11.95
43.21
0.44
2.25
0.90
2.33
0.94
44.10
224.41
0.03
81.34
43.48
69.81
59.60
0.08
4.50
4.50
4.50
0.24
0.66
2.14
0.05
0.06
0.14
1.83
1.83
1.83
0.10
0.27
0.16
0.01
0.00
73.31
3.51
4.25
66
10. FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
Table 10.1 First Registration of Fishing Crafts
Fisheries districts
2002
2003
2005*
533
2004
(Up to third
quarter)
920
Puttalam
596
Chilaw
285
390
317
987
Gampaha
973
483
411
1,337
Colombo
93
39
15
97
Kalutara
137
61
22
96
Galle
163
109
42
192
Matara
173
254
212
692
Hambantota
193
443
218
453
Kalmunai
38
235
280
990
Batticaloa
262
44
81
594
Trincomalee
308
240
131
437
Mullaitivu
0
0
0
0
Kilinochchi
0
57
78
108
Jaffna
307
334
617
583
Mannar
200
315
141
363
Inland
155
na
na
na
Total
3,883
3,537
3,485
8,108
1,179
Source: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
The Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act No.2 of 1996 provided for the introduction of a licensing
scheme whereby all fishing operations conducted in Sri Lankan waters require a license from the
Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. At the end of 2003 only 55 and at the end of the third
quarter 2004, 42 percent and 61 percent of the fishing fleet in 2005 were duly (first registrations and
renewals) registered. The annual license fee is linked to the craft category rather than the resource
taken or the income generated.
67
Table 10.2 Issue of Licenses for Fishing Operations
Fisheries districts
2000
2001
2002
2003
2005*
237
2004
(Up to third
quarter)
679
531
389
345
Chilaw
1,025
553
158
107
390
1,630
Gampaha
2,075
1,002
1,257
354
341
3,226
Colombo
317
179
210
14
39
183
Kalutara
1,647
801
599
133
88
229
Galle
1,208
219
472
56
57
244
Matara
755
315
358
143
208
948
Hambantota
989
236
413
237
131
672
Kalmunai
-
-
96
64
103
926
Batticaloa
109
133
6
44
149
501
Trincomalee
-
453
679
80
146
648
Mullaitivu
-
-
-
0
0
0
Kilinochchi
-
-
439
0
0
0
Jaffna
-
-
1045
0
0
508
120
33
530
1,589
2,364
13,813
Puttalam
Mannar
Total
8,656
4,280
6,077
2,568
Source: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Fishing Operations Licenses are specifically required for fisheries conducted on sedentary, limited
and highly valuable resources such as chank, beche-de-mer, lobster, shrimp and ornamental fish and
ring net (Lila) fisheries for reef associated fish. During 2002 only 6,077 licenses were issued in the
whole island. Number of licenses issued varied from year to year and fishing without licenses is not
uncommon in some areas where there are difficulties for monitoring. However, after tsunami requests
for operation licences has increased and in 2005, 13,813 licenses were issued.
Table 10.3 Issue of Import, Export and Re-export Permits and Licenses for Ornamental Fish
Category
2003
2004
2005*
Export
72
81
81
Import
16
13
9
Re-export
84
66
51
Total
172
160
141
Source: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
68
Table 10.4 Fishing Vessels and Crew Members Apprehended by Foreign Countries as at
April 2003
Country
No. of vessels
32
No. of crew members
9
Bangladesh
1
4
Mauritius
1
1
Seychelles
1
1
Australia
1
1
Maldives
5
19
Myanmar
2
0
43
35
India
Total
Source: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Table 10.5 Establishment of Fisheries Organizations at Thotupola Level
District
Puttalam
Negombo
Colombo
Kalutara
Galle
Matara
Tangalle
Kalmunai
Batticaloa
Trincomalee
Jaffna
Mannar
Inland Districts
Total
No. of Organizations established
Marine and Brackish
Fresh water
84
12
41
13
10
16
03
16
04
29
08
18
08
102
26
38
100
30
125
487
196
Source: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Thotupola fisheries organizations are the grass root level fishing community organizations established
under the supervision of the Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. They are given
management authority, budgets and responsibilities in fisheries management at local level.
69
Table 10.6 Institutions and Legislation Relevant to Aquatic Environment, Living
Resources and Habitats
Ministry
Institution
Mandate
Relevant legal
enactment
Ministry of Fisheries Department of CCD is required to develop The
Coast
and Ocean Resource Coast
and implement a Coastal Conservation
Act
Development
Conservation
Zone Management Plan, No. 57 of 1981
(CCD)
which should be revised
every four years. The Act Coast Conservation
mandates CCD to protect Amendment Act. No.
and preserve the coast from 64 of 1988
erosion or encroachment by
the sea and control over
planning and management
of development activities
within
the
designated
coastal zone through a
permit system, prohibition
of activities, designation of
setback
standards,
development restrictions,
provision of guidelines and
standards for specified
activities, etc.
This
legislation
also
encourages linkages and
collaboration
among
various
government
agencies
involved
in
research and development
activities within the coastal
zone.
Do
Department of Fisheries Act provides for The Fisheries and
Fisheries and the
management, Aquatic Resources
Aquatic
regulation,
conservation Act No. 2 of 1996
Resources
and
development
of
(DFAR)
fisheries
and
aquatic
resources in Sri Lanka. It
has provisions for banning
the use of destructive
fishing gear, declaration of
fisheries
reserves
and
licensing system for all
fishing
operations,
including provisions to
manage
designated
fisheries
through
stakeholder 'Committees'.
Do
National
Conduct
research
and National
Aquatic
Aquatic
development activities in Resources Research
Resources
aquatic resources including and
Development
70
Research and
Development
Agency
(NARA)
Do
Marine
Pollution
Prevention
Authority
(MPPA)
Do
Ceylon Fishery
Harbours
Corporation
(CFHC)
Do
National
Aquaculture
Development
Authority
(NAQDA)
Ministry
of Central
Environmental and Environment
Natural Resources
Authority
(CEA)
oceanography,
fishing
technology,
fish
processing,
information
dissemination, training, etc.
and
contribute
to
development, management
and conservation of aquatic
resources in both inland
and marine habitats.
Responsible
for
the
prevention, reduction and
control of pollution in Sri
Lankan waters. MPPA has
prepared a National Oil
Spill Contingency Plan
(NOSCP) to coordinate and
manage
response
to
incidence of oil spills and
to provide a guide and
control on such activities.
The act also has provision
for penal action for any of
marine pollution or damage
to live marine resources
and wildlife.
Agency Act. No. 54
of 1981
Construction
and
management of fishery
harbour and anchorages,
marine structures and other
shore facilities
Development of coastal and
brackish water aquaculture,
fresh water aquaculture and
inland fisheries.
Incorporated under
the
industrial
corporations Act.
It is the first state agency
established primarily to
address the issues of
environment protection and
management in Sri Lanka.
Section 18 and 19 of the
enabling
Act
directly
concern
fisheries
and
section
23
concerns
discharge of waste. The
regulatory powers are
exercised through two
provisions.
The
Environment
Impact
Assessment
Procedure
(EIA)
for
major
development projects and
National
Environment Act No.
47 of 1980 and
Amendment Act No.
56 of 1988
71
Marine
Pollution
Prevention Act. No.
59 of 1981
National Aquaculture
Development
Authority Act 53 of
1998
the Environment Protection
License (EPL) for the
control
of
industrial
discharges.
Do
Department of Protect certain categories of
Wildlife
endangered animals and
Conservation
plants wherever they are
(DWLC)
found, including threatened
species of corals, fish,
turtles and their nesting
habitats and all marine
mammals in Sri Lanka
waters. It provides for
declaration of any area of
state land as a national
reserve/marine reserve or
sanctuary.
Do
Department of Declaration of any area of
Forest
state land or forest as a
reserve and for the
controlled
commercial
exploitation
of
forest
resources,
including
mangroves.
Ministry of Science Geological
Issue Licenses to mine or
and Technology
Survey
and explore minerals
Mines Bureau
(GSMB)
Ministry of Tourism
Ceylon Tourist Regulate
locations,
Board
constructions
and
(CTB)
operations
of
tourist
activities through CTB
guidelines
Ministry of Science National
Act provided for the
and Technology
Science
establishment
of
the
Foundation
Natural Resources, Energy
(NSF)
and Science Authority of
Sri Lanka (now re-named
as the National Science
Foundation of Sri Lanka) to
initiate,
sponsor
and
support
scientific
and
technological
research
relevant to development,
management
and
conservation of natural
resources of Sri Lanka and
to advise the Ministry on
formulation
and
implementation of science
and technology policy and
review thereof.
Ministry
of Urban
Designates all areas within
72
Fauna and Flora
Protection
Ordinance, No. 2 of
1937. Fauna and
Flora
Protection
Amendment Act No.
49 of 1993.
The
Forest
Ordinance No. 16 of
1907 and subsequent
amendments in 1982,
1988 and 1995
Mines and Minerals
Act No. 33 of 1992
Tourist Development
Act No. 14 of 1968
National Resources,
Energy and Science
Authority of Sri
Lanka Act. No. 78 of
1981
Urban Development
Plantation
Infrastructure
Construction
Development
and Authority
(UDA)
Do
Ministry
Industries
of
Ministry of Irrigation
and
Water
Management
Ministry
of
Provincial Councils
and
Local
Government
km of the coastline as
"Urban areas" subject to the
planning and regulatory
requirements of the Act.
All building construction
within the coastal area
requires a permit from
UDA.
Sri
Lanka Reclamation of (low lying)
Land
marsh, waste or swamps.
Reclamation
and
Development
Corporation
(SLRDC)
Board
of Approval and regulation of
Investment
investments
(BOI)
Department of Construction
and
Irrigation
maintenance of irrigation
works including those in
the coastal region
Provincial
Councils
73
Authority Act No. 41
of 1978 amended in
1984 and 1988
Low Lying Land
Reclamation Act No.
52 of 1982
Board of Investment
Act No. 49 of 1992
Irrigation ordinance
No. 32 of 1946
13th Amendment to
the Constitution
Table 10.7 Regulations made under Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act No. 2 of 1996
Regulations made under Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act No. 2 of 1996
Chilaw Lagoon Fisheries Regulations 1996
The Old Dutch Canal and Mundal Lagoon Fishing Regulations 1996
Registration of fishing Boats Regulations 1980 (amendment)
Fishing Operations Regulations 1996
Inland Fisheries Management Regulations 1996
Aquaculture Management Regulations 1996
Landing of Fish Regulations 1997
Fisheries Committee Regulations 1997
Fisheries (Information) Regulations 1997
Fisheries (Register) Regulations 1997
Handling and Distribution of Fish Regulations 1997
Export and Import of Live Fish Regulations 1998
Fish Processing Establishment Regulations 1998
Negombo Lagoon Fishery Management Area Regulations 1998
Fish Products (Export) Regulations 1998
Percentage of Local Fishing Boat Registration Fees (Payable to the Provincial Fund) Regulations 1998
Rekawa Lagoon Fisheries Management Area Regulations 1998
Fisheries Committee Registration 1997 (amendment)
Export and Import of Live Fish Regulations 1998 (amendment)
Udukiriwela Reservoir Declared as a Fisheries Management Area
Lobster Fisheries Management Regulations 2000
Fish Product (Export) Regulations 1998 (amendment)
Fisheries Management (Matara District, Thotamuna, Ginigasmulla) Regulations of 2000
Aquaculture Management (Disease Control) Regulations 2000
Fishery Management (Batticaloa Lagoon) Regulations 2001
Establishment of Rekawa Lagoon Fisheries Management Committee
Establishment of Udukiriwila Reservoir Management Committee
Udukiriwila Reservoir Fisheries Management Area Regulations of 2001
Sea Shells Fisheries Management and Export Regulations 2001
Madiha Polhena Coral Reef Echo System Fisheries Management Area
Establishment of Udukiriwila Reservoir Fisheries Management Committee
Negombo Lagoon Fisheries Management Authority
Handling and Distribution of Fish Regulations 1997 (amendment)
Udukiriwila Reservoir Fisheries Management Authority
Rekawa Lagoon Fisheries Management Authority
Muruthawela Reservoir Management Area
Off Yala Fisheries Management Area
Correction of Aquaculture Management (Disease Control) Regulations, 2000 and Fish Product Export
Regulation (amendment) 1998
Landing of Fish (Species of Shark and Skates) Regulations 2001
Bolgoda Reservoir Management Area
Fish Products (Exports) Regulations (amendment)
Aquaculture (Monitoring of Residues) Regulations 2002
Parakrama Samudraya Fisheries Management Area Regulations 2002
Chank Fishery Management and Export Regulations 2003
Fishing Processing Establishment Regulations No. 1 of 2003
Fishing Operations Regulations (amendment)
Payment of Reward Regulations 2006
Fishing Boat Regulation (amendment)
Monofilament Net Prohibition Regulations
74
Table 10.8 List of Species of Fish Prohibited From Export in Live Form (Part I)
Family
Chaetodontidae
Pomacanthidae
Labridae
Scorpaenidae
Ephippidae
Serranidae
Haemulidae
Pomacentridae
Cyprinidae
Gobidae
Cobitidae
Species
Chaetodon semeion (Bleeker, 1855)
Centropyge bispinosus (Gunther, 1860)
Pygoplits dicanthus (Boddaert, 1772)
Coris aygula (Lacepede, 1801)
Labroides bicolor (Fowler and Bean, 1928)
Pterois radiata (Cuvier, 1829)
Platax pinnatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ephinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790)
Ephinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepede, 1802)
Plectorhynchus obscurum
Plectorhynchus albovittatus (Ruppel, 1835)
Chrysopterus kuiteri (Allan and Rajasuriya, 1995)
Labeo fisheri Jordan and Strarks, 1917
Labeo porcellus (Heckel, 1838)
Puntius asoka Kottelat and Pethiyagoda, 1989
Puntitus martenstyni Kottelat and Pethiyagoda, 1991
Puntius srilankensis (Senanayake, 1985)
Puntius bandula Kottelat and Pethiyagoda, 1991
Rasbora wilpita Kottelat and Pethiyagoda, 1991
Malpulutta kretseri Deraniyagala, 1937
Schismatogobius deraniyagalai Kottelat and Pethiyagoda, 1989
Sicyopterus halei (Day, 1888)
Sicyopus jonkalaasi Klausewitz and Henrich, 1986
Channa orientalis Bloch and Schneder, 1801
Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi Deraniyagala, 1956
75
Table 10.9 List of Species of Fish Restricted From Export in Live Form (Part II)
Family
Chaetodontidae
Pomacanthidae
Balistidae
Serranidae
Cyprinidae
Claridae
Belontidae
Mastacembelidae
Centropomidae
Species
Chaetodon octofaciatus Bloch, 1787
Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon falcula Bloch, 1793
Chaetodon xanthocephalus Bennet, 1832
Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch, 1787
Chaetodon madagascariensis Ahl, 1923
Chaetodon benetti Cuvier, 1831
Chaetodon meyeri Bloch and Schneider, 1801
Chaetodon triangulum Cuvier, 1831
Heniochus monoceros (Cuvier, 1831)
Heniochus pleurotaenia (Cuvier, 1831)
Centropyge flavipectoralis (Randall and Klausewitz, 1977)
Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Psedobalistes fuscus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Variola louti (Forskal, 1775)
Variola albimarginata (Baissac, 1952)
Cephalopholis argus (Schneider, 1801)
Cephalopholis boenack (Bloch, 1790)
Cephalopholis formossa (Shaw, 1804)
Cephalopholis miniata (Forsskal, 1775)
Cephalopholis sonnerrati (Valenciennes, 1825)
Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskal, 1775)
Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus (Bloch, 1790)
Epinepheles hexagonatus (Schneider, 1801)
Epinepheles malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Epinephelus merra (Bloch, 1793)
Epinepheles morrhun (Valenciennes, 1833)
Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskal, 1775)
Epinepheles tukula (Morgans, 1959)
Epinepheles undulosus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)
Plectropomus laevis (Lacepede, 1801)
Danio patirana Kottelat and Pethiyagoda, 1990
Puntius cumingii (Gunther, 1868)
Puntius nigrofaciatus (Gunther, 1868)
Puntius titteya Deraniyagala, 1929
Rasbora vaterifloris Deraniyagala, 1930
Clarias brachysoma Gunther, 1864
Belontia signata (Gunther, 1861)
Macroganthus aral Lecepede, 1803
Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1796)
76
Table 10.10 List of Species of Fish Prohibited From Import in Live Form (Part III)
Family
Ictaluridae
Characidae
Notopteridae
Species
Ictalurus punctatus
Ictalurus forcatus
Ictalurus catus
Ictalurus nebulosus
Pylodictis olivaris
Serrasalmus natterei
Serrasalmus hollandi
Serrasalmus eigenmani
Serrasalmus notatus
Serrasalmus striolatus
Serrasalmus elongatus
Serrasalmus gibbus
Serrasalmus sanchezi
Serrasalmus spilopleura
Serrasalmus antoni
Serrasalmus rhombeus
Serrasalmus serrulatus
Catoprion mento
Notopterus notopterus
Notopterus chitala
Notopterus afer
Notopterusblanci
Chitala blanci
Chitala ornate
77
11. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Table 11.1 Basic Fisheries Information (Marine fisheries) -2003
Districts
Batticaloa
Batticaloa
14
Number of
Fishing
Villages
172
18,920
21,740
Fishing
Household
Population
76,540
Colombo
Colombo
10
27
2,020
2,400
8,860
11
Gampaha
Negombo
13
82
11,660
16,700
53,150
27
Galle
Galle
9
155
4,530
5,510
21,280
60
Hambantota
Tangalle
11
37
4,920
5,720
23,930
24
Kalutara
Kalutara
9
33
3,420
3,800
15,080
34
Ampara
Kalmunai
12
258
15,150
15,500
70,180
54
Matara
Matara
9
86
5,670
7,850
27,440
31
Puttalam
Puttalam
7
108
10,500
10,050
46,390
58
Puttalam
Chilaw
11
40
8,220
10,000
37,150
31
Trincomalee
Trincomalee
9
120
8,120
18,250
40,860
53
Mullaitivu
Mullaitivu
4
31
3,100
3,250
14,620
29
Killinochchi
Killinochchi
5
40
5,100
3,660
18,580
40
Jaffna
Jaffna
15
107
15,360
14,860
48,580
103
Mannar
Mannar
7
41
7,280
9,540
27,780
32
145
1,337
123,970
148,830
530,420
703
Total
Fisheries
District
Number of FI
Divisions
Fishing
Households
Source: Statistical Unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
78
Active
Fishermen
Fish Landings
116
Table 11.2 Basic Fisheries Information (Marine fisheries) –2004
Districts
Fisheries
District
Number of FI
Divisions
Number of
Fishing
Villages
Fishing
Households
Active
Fishermen
Fishing
Household
Population
Fish Landings
Batticaloa
Batticaloa
14
172
16,700
21,600
86,020
116
Colombo
Colombo
10
27
2,300
2,800
9,260
11
Gampaha
Negombo
13
82
12,900
16,800
59,840
27
Galle
Galle
9
155
6,700
6,300
21,960
60
Hambantota
Tangalle
11
37
6,100
6,100
24,460
24
Kalutara
Kalutara
9
33
3,500
4,200
17,100
34
Ampara
Kalmunai
12
258
15,100
15,500
71,860
54
Matara
Matara
9
86
6,900
7,100
28,220
31
Puttalam
Puttalam
7
108
11,400
12,100
52,440
58
Puttalam
Chilaw
11
40
8,800
10,000
40,480
31
Trincomalee
Trincomalee
9
120
12,300
16,100
60,720
53
Mullaitivu
Mullaitivu
4
31
3,100
3,300
14,260
29
Killinochchi
Killinochchi
5
40
3,400
3,700
15,640
40
Jaffna
Jaffna
15
107
16,100
16,800
75,060
103
Mannar
Mannar
7
41
7,300
9,400
34,580
32
145
1,337
132,600
151,800
611,900
703
Total
Source: Statistical Unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
79
Table 11.3 Basic Fisheries Information (Marine fisheries) –2005
Districts
Fisheries
District
Number of FI
Divisions
Number of
Fishing Villages
Fishing
Households
Active
Fishermen
Fishing
Household
Population
Fish Landings
Batticaloa
Batticaloa
14
172
15,100
17,400
72,400
119
Colombo
Colombo
10
27
2,500
2,900
10,900
17
Gampaha
Negombo
13
82
14,800
18,400
69,800
28
Galle
Galle
9
155
6,900
7,900
29,100
56
Hambantota
Tangalle
11
37
7,300
8,600
34,600
29
Kalutara
Kalutara
9
33
3,800
4,700
17,800
35
Ampara
Kalmunai
12
258
14,600
14,900
69,800
64
Matara
Matara
9
86
7,200
8,600
34,200
32
Puttalam
Puttalam
7
108
13,200
16,300
59,700
59
Puttalam
Chilaw
11
40
9,300
11,200
44,200
58
Trincomalee
Trincomalee
9
120
11,800
14,500
58,600
53
Mullaitivu
Mullaitivu
4
31
2,900
3,100
12,800
21
Killinochchi
Killinochchi
5
40
3,500
3,900
14,200
19
Jaffna
Jaffna
15
107
16,800
18,100
77,200
102
Mannar
Mannar
7
41
7,600
9,800
36,400
31
145
1,337
137,300
160,300
641,700
723
Total
Source: Statistical Unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
80
The number of fishing households has increased by 3%, 10%, and 14%, respectively in 2003, 2004
and 2005 than in 2002 while household population has increased by 3%, 18%, and 24%, respectively.
The number of active fishermen has increased by 5%, 7%, and13%, respectively in 2003, 2004 and
2005 than in 2002. The average household size also increased, 4.3 in 2003, 4.6 in 2004 and 4.7 in
2005.
In Sri Lanka, men dominate active fishing and majority are engaged in coastal fishing. Over 65% of
the fishermen live in northern and eastern coastal areas. In addition, around 100,000 are engaged in
fishing on a part-time basis. The estimated number of persons employed in fisheries related activities
such as processing, boat mending, net mending, distributional and trade etc. amounts to 200,000.
However, considerable numbers of women are also engaged in active fishing especially in lagoons
and inland water bodies in full time or mainly on part time basis. In addition, large numbers are
engaged in other fisheries related activities such as processing, trading and other labour work mostly
as family labour. Statistics on women engaged in fisheries are still lacking.
Table 11.4 Fisheries Development Assistance –2004
Activity
Fisheries Infrastructure Facilities
Amount Spent (Rs. )
23,979,872.75
Fishing Villages
544,000.00
Fisheries Development Assistance
2,032,656.00
Drinking Water
75,000.00
Sanitary Facilities
71,000.00
Children’s Parks
263,323.00
TOTAL
26,965,852.25
Source: Statistical Unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
81
Table 11.5 Fisheries Development Assistance –2005
Activity
Number
completed
67
Access roads
Amount Spent
(Rs.)
84,210,550
Community halls/ buildings
18
18,110,240
Electricity for fisheries villages
09
9,165,557
Drinking Water
12
4,731,860
Fishery houses
239
8,515,000
Fisheries Infrastructure Facilities
35
29,191,410
Sanitary Facilities
89
763,000
Fisher women Development programme
22
809,892
Development assistance for (engines)
-
Beacon lamps
32
Others
-
Total
1,255,600
277,500
1,118,205
158,148,818
Source: Statistical Unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
82
Table 11.6 Self-employment programmes conducted by the Womens’affairs section of the Social Development Division for children, young and
women from 2005.08.01
Date
2005.08.10
2005.08.18
2005.08.30
2005.09.03
2005.09.04
2005.09.10
2005.09.10
2005.09.10
2005.09.20
2005.10.05
2005.10.07
2005.10.16
2005.10.19
2005.10.22
2005.10.23
2005.10.30
2005.11.01
2005.11.04
2005.11.05
2005.11.06
2005.11.07
2005.11.10
2005.11.14
2005.12.20
Place
AGA Office-Wennappuwa
Sayaf Hall- Kalpitiya
Technical College-Matara
Sacarius Hall-Wennappuwa
Kapparatota
Praja
SalawaWeligama
Govt. School - Dankotuwa
Govt. School - Dankotuwa
Wijitha
Maha
VidyalayaDikwella
Sayaf Hall- Kalpitiya
Central College Tangalle
Dankotuwa
Kandathoduwawa
Provincial Council-Puttalam
Nattandiya
Kotmale
Hambanthota
Arachchikattuwa
Sahasra Hall-Hanguranketha
Provincial Council-Walapane
Gamini Vidyalaya Nuwaraeliya
Provincial Council-Maskeliya
Muslim Vidyalaya - Karathivu
Lunugam vehera
Ja Ela
Work programme
Self-employment for fisher women
Clinic
Self-employment for tsunami affected women
Self-employment programme with “Nuga Sevana’ for fisher women
Self-employment for tsunami affected women
Number
157
652
800
1200
800
Programme on Training Leadership
Introduction to self employment for women
Self-employment for tsunami affected women
50
300
400
Self-employment programme with “Nuga Sevana’ for fisher women
Self-employment for tsunami affected women
Self-employment for fisher women
Introduction to self employment for women
Introduction to self employment for women
Cookery and making ornaments
Fish associated food as a way of self employment
Provision of Self employment for fisher women under four fields
Leading fisher women towards self employment
Fish associated food as a way of self employment
Fish associated food as a way of self employment
Fish associated food as a way of self employment
Fish associated food as a way of self employment
Upliftment of livelihoods for fisher women
Self-employment programme with “Nuga Sevana’ for inland fisher women
Self-employment programme
2100
500
700
300
500
500
350
250
300
300
500
450
300
500
500
300
83
Table 11.7 Visiri Housing Project Performance - 2003
District
No of Houses
Total
Value
(Rs.)
1st Installment
2nd Installment
3rd Installment
(Rs. 5,000.00)
(Rs.10,000.00)
(Rs12,000.00)
Matara
1
10,000.00
Galle
41
35
30
915,000.00
Trincomalee
4
49
2
534,000.00
Ampara
425
47
91
3,687,000.00
Gampaha
163
14
16
1,147,000.00
Colombo
29
205
139
3,863,000.00
Puttalam
125
82
321
5,297,000.00
Kalutara
103
11
7
709,000.00
Hambanthota
1
2
4
73,000.000
Jaffna
100
100
116
2,892,000.00
Batticolai
270
211
-
3,460,000.00
Mannar
-
30
-
300,000.00
Badulla
1
1
1
27,000.00
Source: Statistical Unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
84
Table 11.8 Visiri Housing Project Performance –01st November 2004 to 28th November 2005
District
No of Houses
Total Value
(Rs.)
1st Instalment
2nd Instalment
3rd Instalment
4th Instalment
5th Instalment
(Rs. 5,000.00)
(Rs.8,000.00)
(Rs.10,000.00)
(Rs.17,000.00)
(Rs.10,000.00)
Matara
1132
-
-
-
-
5,660,000.00
Galle
52
29
617
-
-
7,896,000.00
Kurunegala
71
-
-
-
-
355,000.00
Ampara
63
-
-
-
-
315,000.00
Gampaha
149
245
131
-
-
4,277,000.00
Colombo
106
-
1
-
-
542,000.00
Puttalam
256
49
18
-
-
1,888,000.00
Kalutara
77
3
2
-
-
433,000.00
Hambanthota
199
136
87
2
-
3,103,000.00
Ratnapura
33
18
18
13
-
710,000.00
Anuradhapura
189
70
52
84
1
Monaragala
224
46
36
23
-
2,239,000.00
Mahawewa
392
-
-
-
-
1,960,000.00
Nuwara-Eliya
66
65
32
-
-
1,170,000.00
Source:- Statistical Unit-Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
85
Fishermen’s Pension and Social Security Benefits Scheme
A total of 49,823 fishers have been recruited as contributors under the scheme since its inception in
1991 to the end of 2003. The number targeted to be recruited up to October, 2004 was 2647 but the
number actually recruited was 2193. The number of beneficiaries received gratuity under the scheme
is as follows:
Table 11.9 Fishermen’s Pension and Social Security Benefits
Death Gratuity
End 2003
382
2004 Jan - Oct
37
42
04
Disable Gratuity
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
12. FISHERMENS’ CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES
Fisheries co-operative societies work in a collective manner to upgrade the living status cater to the
community needs and further the community development of the fisher folk. Both men and women of
fishing communities are eligible to obtain membership of these societies. Grama Seva Niladari (G.N)
Division Level societies and Inland Fisheries Co-operative societies have been initiated at village
level and extend upward to district and national levels.
Table 12.1 Fisheries Co-operative Societies Details at the End of August 2004
Fisheries
district
No. of
societies
Membership
Male
Female
Total
Hambantota
88
7,729
4,166
11,895
Matara
57
4,213
2,958
7,171
Galle
58
3,896
1,679
5,975
Kalutara
33
2,850
1,934
4,384
Colombo
18
1,347
374
1,721
Negombo
43
7,508
2,354
9,862
Chilaw
53
6,767
1,815
8,582
Puttalam
52
3,294
899
4,193
Mannar
34
6,493
757
7,250
Jaffna
119
14,946
2,116
17,062
Trincomalee
62
5,653
1,645
7,298
Batticaloa
122
13,998
1,750
15,748
Mullaitivu
22
2,523
1,066
3,589
Kalmunai
89
7,242
1,698
8,940
Kilinochchi
20
2,123
202
2,325
Inland
119
7,300
840
8,140
Total
989
97,882
25,853 123,735
Source: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
86
Share
capita
SRL’00000
Total funds
SRL’00000
26
14
08
05
02
10
34
06
07
21
08
14
09
12
02
7.7
194
1,094
316
155
398
86
265
682
163
152
655
120
299
104
58
19
16.42
4,592
Loans issued
No.
SRL’00000
7,223
1,285
602
955
188
563
7,332
2,814
562
4,728
988
1,573
1,653
1,073
10
1,419
156
88
215
52
134
1866
183
225
592
118
260
168
46
15
31,549
5,545
At the end of December 2002 there were 934 Fisheries Co-operative Societies with a total
membership of 119,448. The number increased to 989 with a total membership of 123,735 at the end
of August 2004. Out of the 123,735 membership 21 percent was women. Share capital was SLR
19,400,000, which is about a 185 percent increase than at the end of December 2002. Total fund was
SLR 459,200,000 of which SLR 92,700,000 were savings. Out of the total 989 societies, 121 have
functioned as fisheries co-operative banks, known as 'Indiwara' Fisheries Co-operative Societies.
Table 12.2 Fisheries Co-operative Societies Details at the End of April 2006 Fisheries
District
District
Hambantota
Matara
Galle
Kalutara
Colombo
Negombo
Chilaw
Puttalam
Mannar
Jaffna
Trincomalee
Batticaloa
Mullaitivu
Kalmunai
Kilinochchi
Inland
Total
No. Active
14
11
18
03
01
05
27
26
39
72
108
44
72
13
17
73
543
No. of Societies
No. Inactive
34
38
35
22
19
34
27
32
35
27
45
5
5
117
476
Total
48
49
53
25
20
39
54
58
39
107
108
71
117
18
22
190
1,018
Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Due to lack of coordination between co-operative societies and the officials of the Ministry of
Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and poor management of the societies, many of the societies
have become inactive by the end of 2005.
87
13. WORLD FISHERIES SCENARIO
Figure 13.1 World Fish Production
World total fish production in 2002 was 132,989,225 mt of which 70 came from marine and inland
capture fisheries, 18 percent inland aquaculture and 12 percent marine aquaculture. Production in
2002 increased by 2 percent than that of 2001 and development of inland aquaculture is mainly
responsible for this increase.
88
Table 13.1 Major Capture Fish Producing Countries 1992 to 2002 (1000' mt)
Country
China
Peru
USA
Japan
Indonesia
Chile
India
Russia
Thailand
Norway
Korea Republic
Iceland
Philippines
Denmark
Viet Nam
Mexico
Malaysia
Myanmar
Spain
Morocco
Canada
China, Taiwan
Total 22 Countries
Other Countries
World Total
Source: FAO Fisheries Statistics
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
14,182
9,515
5,001
5,934
3,553
6,691
3,448
4,676
3,014
2,648
2,414
2,060
1,784
1,682
1,224
1,464
1,130
602
1,175
643
905
967
74,711
19,039
93,750
15,722
7,870
4,983
5,926
3,791
5,811
3,523
4,662
2,903
2,863
2,204
2,206
1,806
1,827
1,276
1,489
1,173
780
1,205
792
972
1,038
74,823
19,392
94,216
17,230
4,338
4,709
5,299
3,965
3,265
3,373
4,455
2,930
2,861
2,027
1,682
1,833
1,157
1,294
1,180
1,154
830
1,263
710
1,014
1,092
67,664
19,930
87,593
17,240
8,429
4,750
5,194
3,987
5,051
3,472
4,141
2,952
2,628
2,120
1,736
1,873
1,405
1,386
1,206
1,252
919
1,169
745
1,028
1,100
73,782
19,820
93,602
16,987
10,659
4,745
4,971
4,070
4,300
3,742
3,974
2,911
2,703
1,823
1,983
1,893
1,534
1,451
1,316
1,289
1,070
1,045
897
1,010
1,094
75,467
19,972
95,440
16,529
7,986
4,944
4,719
4,204
3,797
3,763
3,628
2,881
2,687
1,988
1,981
1,945
1,510
1,491
1,399
1,235
1,167
1,085
1,083
1,050
1,005
72,078
20,278
92,356
16,553
8,767
4,937
4,505
4,443
4,271
3,770
3,232
2,921
2,743
1,669
2,220
2,030
1,442
1,508
1,451
1,276
1,313
883
895
1,014
1,043
72,886
20,305
93,191
Table 13.2 Fish Production of SAARC Countries 2002
Country
Marine/ Inland capture fishery
Aquaculture (mt)
Total (mt)
786,604
2,191,704
17,100
12,440
8,312
1,890,459
300
5,962,616
160,981
35,000
611,544
306,572
(mt)
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
1,103,855
300
3,770,912
160,981
17,900
599,104
298,260
Source: FAO Fisheries Statistics
Among seven SAARC countries five are coastal nations. The highest fish production was reported
from India followed by Bangladesh. Sri Lanka contributed 3.4 percent to the fish production by the
SAARC countries in 2002. SAARC countries contributed about 7 percent to the total world fish
production in 2002.
89
Table 13.3 World Fish Utilization
World Fish Utilization
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
118,113
127,098
130,927
130,207
132,989
For human consumption
92,830
94,597
96,168
98,943
100,744
Marketing Fresh
48,470
50,033
50,679
51,741
52,809
Freezing
24,345
24,466
24,575
25,649
26,662
9,519
9,411
10,101
10,449
9,685
496
10,669
10,813
11,104
11,587
For other purposes
25,283
32,519
34,759
31,264
32,245
Reduction (a)
19,798
25,726
27,729
23,707
25,225
5,485
6,793
7,030
7,557
7,020
Total World fish production
Curing
Canning
Miscellaneous purposes
Source: FAO Fisheries Statistics
Of the total fish production only 76 per cent was utilized for human consumption and 24 percent was
waste in 2002.
600000
Production mt
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Skipjack tuna
Yellowfin tuna
Bigeye tuna
Albacore
Southern bluefin tuna
Other small tuna
2002
Figure 13.2 Indian Ocean Tuna Production
Indian Ocean Tuna Production
The highest contribution came from skipjack tuna followed by yellowfin tuna. Skipjack tuna
contributed 44 percent to the production while yellowfin tuna, other small tuna and bigeye tuna have
contributed 27 percent, 13 percent and 11 percent respectively to the production in 2002.
90
14. INCENTIVES AND CONCESSIONS FOR INVESTMENT PROMOTION
Table 14.1 Incentives and Concessions Provided by the BOI of Sri Lanka
Category
1) Manufacture
of
nontraditional
goods for export
including
deemed exports
2) Agriculture
and/or Agroprocessing other
than processing
of Black tea
Qualifying
criteria
Incentives
Min.
Invt.
US$
Min.
Export
Req.
(% of
output)
Full
Tax
holiday
Concessionary
Tax
10%
15%
Import
duty
exemption
Capital
Raw
goods
material
Exemption
from
exchange
control
150,000
80
5 yrs
2 yrs
Thereafter
Yes
Yes
N/A
Thereafter
Yes
(Lifetime
if export
oriented)
100,000
N/A
5 yrs
Yes
No
Yes
(if exports
>70%)
Source: Board of Investment of Sri Lanka
Investment projects fulfilling the above requirements are eligible for incentives provided by the BOI
of Sri Lanka. All export-oriented projects such as export of fish or any other directed towards
increasing fishery products such as prawn culture fall into Category I. The minimum investment for
this category is US$ 150,000 and a minimum of 80 per cent of the products should be exported. Full
tax holiday period will be reckoned from the year of assessment in which the enterprise begins to
make profits or any year of assessment not later than 2 years reckoned from the date of
commencement of commercial operation or production whichever is earlier. After the grace period
and 5 year full tax holiday period, a concessionary tax rate of 10 per cent will be applied for 2 years.
Thereafter, only 15 percent tax will be applied until lifetime of the enterprise. Import duty exemption
will be granted for export quantities. However, the concessions were determined on the basis of the
location of enterprises. Region I has been identified as the Western Province, while other provinces
were identified as Region II. Enterprises of Category I, get granted full tax holidays for 3 years in
Region I and for 5 years in Region II.
Investment projects based on aquaculture, except prawn culture and inland fisheries fall into the
Category II. The minimum investment for this category is US$ 100,000 (SLR 1000,000). Minimum
export requirement of product is not specified. Full tax holiday period is same as specified in
Category I. They will be granted a 5 years tax holiday while from the sixth year onwards
concessionary rates of 12 per cent tax will be charged. Import duty exemption will be granted only
during the project establishment/implementation period.
91
Table 14.2 Fish and Fish Based Industries / Project in Commercial Operation as at 31.12.2004
(Projects Approved under sec. 17 of the BOI Law)
Name of the Enterprise
Activity
Country/countries of
Collaboration
Date of
Commenced
Commercial
Operation
Realized investment (SLR
Mn) as at end 2004
Foreign Local
Total
Processing of Fish
Apollo Marine Intl. (Pvt) Ltd.
Aqua Marine Intl. (Pvt) Ltd.
Ceylon Foods (Pvt) Ltd.
Diyakawa Deep Sea Fishing Co. (Pvt)
Ltd.
Global Sea Foods (Pvt) Ltd.
Island waters (Pvt) Ltd.
Jay Sea Foods Proc. (Pvt) Ltd.
Marine food
Ornamental fish & aqua plant
Proce. of sea food & vegetable
Fishing & processing of fish
Lanka Marine Expo (Pvt) Ltd.
Lumbini Aquaria Wayamba Ltd.
Pearl Island Sea Foods (Pvt) Ltd.
Skyway Sea Foods Specialists (Pvt) Ltd.
Sub Total
Processing of sea food
Ornamental fish breeding
Processing of prawns & fish
Sea food processing
Bon Bridge Fisheries (Pvt) Ltd.
Deep sea fishing
Chinda Lanka (Pvt) Ltd.
Jun Guo Intl. Dev. of Fishing (Pvt) Ltd.
Nuwan Sea Foods (Pvt) Ltd.
Seibu Deep Sea Fishing Co. (Pvt) Ltd.
Tropic Fishery (Pvt) Ltd.
Yuan Fa Lanka Aquatic Prod. Co. (Pvt)
Ltd.
Sub Total
Australia UK
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Japan
Sri Lanka
Iran Sri Lanka
Indonesia Sri Lanka
UK
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Hong Kong
Processing of fish
Tuna fish
Processing of sea foods
Deep Sea Fishing
China
Sri Lanka
Deep sea fishing
Singapore
Deep sea fishing
China
Deep sea/proc. & canning fish
Sri Lanka
Deep sea fishing
Taiwan
Deep sea fishing & packing
Sri Lanka
Deep sea fishing
Taiwan
Sri Lanka
03-Jan-00
23-Sep-92
20-Dec-96
16-Aug-92
12.0
0.0
8.0
4.0
9.1
2.0
22.0
1.0
21.1
2.0
30.0
5.0
29-Apr-00
07-Dec-02
12-Jan-98
8.6
160.0
7.2
24.4
10.0
15.0
33.1
170.0
22.2
08-Apr-94
30-Jun-97
23-Aug-00
02-Nov-94
0.0
0.0
0.0
26.3
226.1
10.0
11.6
35.0
38.5
178.6
10.0
11.6
35.0
64.7
404.7
20-Nov-97
14.2
0.0
14.2
08-Nov-99
27-Feb-98
07-Apr-98
16-Oct-01
04-Oct-97
07-Dec-95
13.6
2.0
0.0
12.5
0.0
7.5
0.0
15.0
510.0
0.0
20.0
0.0
13.6
17.0
510.0
12.5
20.0
7.5
42.3
552.5
594.8
Continued……
92
Name of the Enterprise
Activity
Country/countries of
Collaboration
Date of
Commenced
Commercial
Operation
Realized investment (SLR Mn)
as at end 2004
Foreign
Local
Total
Culture & Processing of Prawns & Shrimps
Alpex Marine (Pvt) Ltd.
Aqua-Gardens (Pvt) Ltd.
Shrimp processing
Prawn culture
D.G.R. Chilaw Prawns Co. (Pvt) Ltd.
D. S. P. Aqua Expo (Pvt) Ltd.
Enowa Ocean Gardens (Pvt) Ltd.
France Ceylon Ocean Services (Pvt)
Ltd.
Prawn culture
Prawn culture
Prawn culture
Shrimp culture
J and R Shrimps (Pvt) Ltd.
Jaysons Aqua Products (Pvt) Ltd.
Lanka Land Prawn (Pvt) Ltd.
Link Aqua Farms (Pvt) Ltd.
Negombo Agro Enterprises (Pvt) Ltd.
Nivantha Aqua (Pvt) Ltd.
Quality Expo Marine (Pvt) Ltd.
St. Annes Prawn Farms (Pvt) Ltd.
T.G.M. Shrimps (Pvt) Ltd.
Wayamba Seaquarium (Pvt) Ltd.
Sub Total
Grand Total
Black tiger prawn culture
Culture shrimps
Prawn culture
Prawn culture
Prawn culture
Prawn culture
Prawn culture
Prawn culture
Prawn culture
Shrimp culture
Sri Lanka
Japan
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Australia
France
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Source: Board of Investment of Sri Lanka
93
30-May-98
30-Apr-93
0.0
141.8
44.0
22.4
44.0
164.2
25-Apr-95
27-Oct-94
21-Sep-95
12-Oct-95
0.0
43.3
0.0
27.0
2.3
7.4
8.0
4.1
2.3
50.7
8.0
31.0
01-Jul-95
24-Nov-98
30-Jun-98
20-Aug-2
26-Jul-95
15-Feb-95
07-Feb-00
02-Jun-95
16-Ju-99
30-Nov-96
0.0
12.7
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.8
0.0
0.0
225.8
494.1
11.0
14.4
18.0
22.8
6.8
14.5
100.0
0.0
30.0
13.0
319.9
1,051.1
11.0
27.1
18.0
23.8
6.8
14.5
100.0
7.8
30.0
13.0
545.7
1,545.2
Table. 14.3 Fish and Fish Based Industries / Project in Commercial Operation as at 31.12.2005
(Projects Approved under sec. 17 of the BOI Law)
Name of the Enterprise
Activity
Country/countries of
Collaboration
Date of
Commenced
Commercial
Operation
Realized investment (SLR Mn) as at end
2004
Foreign
Local
Total
Processing of Fish
Amanda Foods Lanka (Pvt) Ltd.
Apollo Marine Intl. (Pvt) Ltd.
Ceylon Foods (Pvt) Ltd.
Diyakawa Deep Sea Fishing Co. (Pvt) Ltd.
Global Sea Foods (Pvt) Ltd.
Island Waters (Pvt) Ltd.
Jay Sea Foods Proc. (Pvt) Ltd.
Lanka Marine Expo (Pvt) Ltd.
Pearl Island Sea Foods (Pvt) Ltd.
Skyway Seafoods Specialists (Pvt) Ltd.
Processed Fish
Marine Food
Processing of Sea Food &
Vegetable
Fishing & Processing of Fish
Processing Of Fish
Tuna Fish
Processing & Export of Sea Foods
Processing of Sea Food
Processing of Prawns,
Fish,Crabs,Squids & Cuttle Fish
Sea Food Processing
Singapore
UK, Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
06-Jun-04
03-Jan-00
20-Dec-96
4.0
66.9
0.0
0.0
42.9
30.0
4.0
109.8
30.0
Taiwan, Sri lanka
Iran, France, Sri
Lanka
Sri Lanka
UK, Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
16-Aug-92
29-Apr-00
4.0
8.6
1.0
55.4
5.0
64.1
07-Dec-02
12-Jan-98
08-Apr-94
23-Aug-00
160.0
16.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
27.0
10.0
35.0
170.0
43.0
10.0
35.0
Sri Lanka
02-Nov-94
26.2
38.5
64.7
285.7
249.9
535.5
Sub Total
Deep Sea Fishing
Bon Bridge Fisheries (Pvt) Ltd.
Chinda Lanka (Pvt) Ltd.
Global Fisheries (Pvt) Ltd.**
Deep Sea Fishing
Deep Sea Fishing
Deep Sea Fishing
Nuwan Sea Foods (Pvt) Ltd.
Seamate Fisheries (Pvt) Ltd.
Seibu Deep Sea Fishing Co. (Pvt) Ltd.
Deep Sea/Proc.& Canning Fish
Deep Sea Fishing
Deep Sea Fishing,Export 2nd
Quality Exportable Fish
Deep Sea Fishing
Deep Sea Fishing / Processing &
Packing
Deep Sea Fishing
Deep Sea Fishing
Thalulah Fisheries (Pvt) Ltd.
Tropic Fishery (Pvt) Ltd.
Yuan Fa Lanka Aquatic Prod.Co.(Pvt) Ltd.
Yuh Fa Lanka Fisheries (Pvt) Ltd.
94
China, Sri Lanka
China
Iran, Ivory coast, Sri
Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
China, Taiwan
20-Nov-97
08-Nov-99
09-May-06
14.2
13.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.2
13.6
0.0
07-Apr-98
09-Mar-05
16-Oct-01
0.0
0.0
12.5
510.0
25.7
0.0
510.0
25.7
12.5
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
08-Oct-03
17-Jun-98
0.0
0.0
119.7
20.0
119.7
20.0
Sri Lanka
Taiwan, China
07-Dec-95
11-Mar-06
0.0
0.3
7.5
0.0
7.5
0.3
40.6
682.9
723.5
Continued……
Name of the Enterprise
Activity
Country/countries
of Collaboration
Date of
Commenced
Commercial
Operation
Realized investment (SLR Mn) as at end
2004
Foreign
Local
Total
Culture & Processing of Prawns & Shrimps
Alpex Aqua (Pvt) Ltd.
Alpex Marine (Pvt) Ltd.
Aqua-Gardens (Pvt) Ltd.
Ceylon Aquatech (Pvt) Ltd.
D.G.R. Chilaw Prawns Co. (Pvt) Ltd.
D.S.P. Aqua Expo (Pvt) Ltd.
Enowa Ocean Gardens (Pvt) Ltd.
France Ceylon Ocean Services (Pvt) Ltd.
Jaysons Aqua Products (Pvt) Ltd.
Negombo Aqua Products (Pvt) Ltd.
Nivantha Aqua (Pvt) Ltd.
St.Annes Prawn Farms (Pvt) Ltd.
T.G.M Shrimps (Pvt) Ltd.
Prawn Culturing
Shrimp Processing
Prawn Culturing
Shrimp Feedmill, Hatchery, Lab.
Prawn Culturing
Prawn Culturing
Prawn Culturing
Shrimp Culturing
Culturing of Shrimps
Prawn Culturing
Prawn Culturing
Prawn Culturing
Prawn Culturing
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Japan, Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Russia, Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
France, Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sub Total
Grand Total
Source: Board of Investment of Sri Lanka
95
03-Aug-95
30-May-98
30-Apr-93
09-Apr-99
25-Apr-95
27-Oct-94
21-Sep-95
12-Oct-95
24-Nov-98
05-Jan-98
15-Feb-95
02-Jun-95
16-Jul-99
0.0
0.0
137.1
0.0
0.0
43.5
0.0
27.0
12.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
44.0
0.0
60.0
2.3
7.4
7.9
4.1
14.4
6.8
24.5
1.3
30.0
5.0
44.0
137.1
60.0
2.3
50.9
7.9
31.0
27.1
6.8
24.5
1.3
30.0
220.3
207.6
427.9
546.6
1,140.3
1,686.9
Total investment at the end of 2004 was SLR 1,545.2 mn of which 68 percent was local
investments. Of the total investment, 39 percent was made on deep-sea fishing followed by 35
percent on shrimp culture and processing and 26 percent on processing of fish. In 2005, total
investment was SLR 1,686.9 mn, increased by 9 percent than in 2004 of which 67 percent was
local investment. The noteworthy feature is that though there were 43 companies for culture and
processing of prawns and shrimps registered in 2000 it had declined to 33 in 2002 and got further
reduced to 16 in 2004 and further declined to 13 in 2005. With the repeated outbreaks of disease
in the shrimp culture industry over the past years many companies have either suspended their
operations or closed down.
All goods imported into Sri Lanka are liable to customs duty. However, concessional duties and
duty exemptions may be granted for items imported for BOI approved projects (the BOI of Sri
Lanka Law No. 4 of 1978), or any goods being imported for any infrastructure project funded
mainly by a foreign government or any regional or multilateral agency.
96
Table 14.4 Rate of Import Duty for Some of the Fisheries and Related Articles
12.02.2005
HS
Hdg.
03.01
HS Code
Description
Customs Duty
Perf.
Gen.
VAT
Excise
Duty
Cess
Unit of
Qty.
Live Fish
0301.10
0301.10.01
0301.9
0301.92
0301.93
0301.99
03.02
0302.11
0302.12
Ornamental fish
Restricted Species under
the Fisheries Ordinance
Other
Other Live fish:
Trout (Salmo trutta,
Oncorhynchus mykiss,
Oncorhynchus clarki,
Oncorhynchus
aguabonita,
Oncorhynchus gilae,
Oncorhynchus apache
and Oncorhynchus
chrysogaster)
Eels (Anguila sp.)
Carp
Other
Fish, fresh or chilled,
excluding fish fillets
and other fish meat of
heading 03.04
Salmonidae, excluding
livers and roes:
Trout (Salmo trutta,
Oncorhynchus mykiss,
Oncorhynchus clarki,
Oncorhynchus
aguabonita,
Oncorhynchus gilae,
Oncorhynchus apache
and Oncorhynchus
chrysogaster)
Pacific salmon
(Oncorhynchus nerka,
Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha,
Oncorchynchus keta,
Oncorhynchus
tschawytscha,
Oncorhynchus kisutch,
Oncorhynchus masou
and Oncorhynchus
rhodurus), Atlantic
Salmon (Salmo salar)
and Danube salmon
(Hucho hucho)
(In)1.63%
(SL) 2.0%
(In) 1.63%
(SL) 2.0%
2.5%
(In) 1.63%
2.5%
15%
kg
15%
kg
15%
kg
kg
kg
kg
2.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
Kg
Contd……
96
HS
Hdg.
HS Code
0302.19
0302.21
0302.22
0302.23
0302.29
0302.31
0302.32
0302.33
0302.34
0302.35
0302.36
0302.39
0302.40
0302.50
Description
Other
Flat fish (Pleuronectidae,
Bothidae, Cynoglossidae,
Soleidae,
Scophthalmidae and
Citharidae) excluding
livers and roes:
Halibut (Reinhardtius
hippoglassoides,
Hippoglossus
hippoglossus,
Hippoglossus stenolepis)
Plaice (Pleuronectes
platessa)
Sole (Solea sp.)
Other
Tunas (of the genus
Thunnus), Skipjack or
stipe-bellied bonito
(Euthynnus or
Katsuwonus pelamis)
excluding livers and roes:
Albacore or longfinned
tunas (Thunnus alalunga)
Yellowfin tunas
(Thunnus albacares)
Skipjack or stripe-bellied
bonito
Bigeye tunas (Thunnus
obesus)
Bluefin tunas (Thunnus
thynnus)
Southern bluefin tunas
(Thuunus maccoyii)
Other
Herrings (Clupea
harengus, Clupea
pallasii), excluding livers
and roes
Cod (Gadus morhus,
Gadus ogac, Gadus
macrocephalus)
excluding liver and roes
Customs Duty
Perf.
Gen.
(SP) 13.5%
15%
VAT
15%
Excise
Duty
Cess
Unit of
Qty.
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
(In) 9.75%
15%
15%
kg
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(In) 9.75%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
Contd….
97
HS
Hdg.
HS Code
0302.61
0302.62
0302.63
0302.64
0302.65
0302.66
0302.69
0302.70
03.03
0303.11
0303.19
0303.21
Description
Other fish, excluding
livers and roes:
Sardines (Sardina
pilchardus, Sardinops
sp.) sardinella
(Sardinella sp.), brishing
or sprats (Sprattus
sprattus)
Haddock
(Melanogrammus
aeglefinus)
Coalfish (Pollachius
virens)
Mackerel (Scomber
scomrus, Scomber
australasicus, Scomber
japonicus)
Dogfish and other shark
Eels (Anguilla sp.)
Other
Livers and roes
Fish, frozen, excluding
fish fillets and other
fish meat of heading
03.04
Pacific salmon
(Oncorhynchus nerka,
Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha,
Oncorchynchus keta,
Oncorhynchus
tschawytscha,
Oncorhynchus kisutch,
Oncorhynchus masou
and Oncorhynchus
rhodurus), excluding
livers and roes:
Sockeye salmon (red
salmon) (O. nerka)
Other
Other salmonidae,
excluding livers and roes:
Trout (Salmo trutta,
Oncorhynchus mykiss,
Oncorhynchus clarki,
Oncorhynchus
aguabonita,
Oncorhynchus gilae,
Oncorhynchus apache
and Oncorhynchus
chrysogaster)
Customs Duty
Perf.
Gen.
VAT
Excise
Duty
Cess
Unit of
Qty.
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
98
HS
Hdg.
HS Code
0303.22
0303.29
0303.31
0303.32
0303.33
Description
Customs Duty VAT Excise
Duty
Perf.
Gen.
0303.42
0303.43
0303.44
0303.45
Unit
of
Qty.
(SP)
13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP)
13.5%
(SP)
13.5%
15%
15%
kg
15%
15%
kg
15%
15%
kg
15%
15%
kg
15%
15%
kg
15%
15%
kg
15%
15%
kg
15%
15%
kg
15%
15%
kg
15%
15%
kg
15%
15%
kg
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
and Danube salmon (Hucho
hucho)
Other
Flat fish (Pleuronectidae,
Bothidae, Cynoglossidae,
Soleidae, Scophthalmidae and
Citharidae) excluding livers
and roes:
Halibut (Reinhardtius
hippoglassoides,
Hippoglossus hippoglossus,
Hippoglossus stenolepis)
Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)
(SP)
13.5%
(SP)
13.5%
(SP)
13.5%
(SP)
13.5%
Sole (Solea sp)
Other
0303.41
Cess
Tunas (of the genus
Thunnus), Skipjack or
stipe-bellied bonito
(Euthynnus or Katsuwonus
pelamis) excluding livers
and roes:
Albacore or longfinned tunas
(Thunnus alalunga)
Yellowfin tunas (Thunnus
albacares)
(SP)
13.5%
(SP)
13.5%
(SP)
13.5%
(In)
9.75%
(SP)
13.5%
(SP)
13.5%
Skipjack or stripe-bellied
bonito
Bigeye tunas (Thunnus
obesus)
Bluefin tunas (Thunnus
thynnus)
99
HS
Hdg.
HS Code
0303.46
0303.49
0303.50
0303.60
0303.71
0303.72
0303.73
0303.74
0303.75
Description
Southern bluefin tunas
(Thuunus maccoyii)
Other
Herrings (Clupea
harengus, Clupea
pallasii), excluding livers
and roes
Cod (Gadus morhus,
Gadus ogac, Gadus
macrocephalus)
excluding liver and roes
Other fish, excluding
livers and roes:
Sardines (Sardina
pilchardus, Sardinops
sp.) sardinella
(Sardinella sp.), brishing
or sprats (Sprattus
sprattus)
Haddock
(Melanogrammus
aeglefinus)
Coalfish (Pollachius
virens)
Mackerel (Scomber
scomrus, Scomber
australasicus, Scomber
japonicus)
Dogfish and other shark
0303.76
0303.77
Eels (Anguilla sp.)
Sea bass (Dicentrarchus
labrax, Diecentrachus
punctatus)
0303.78
Hake (Merluccius sp.
Urophycis sp)
Other
Livers and roes
Fish fillets and other
fish meat (whether or
not minced) fresh,
chilled or frozen
Fresh or chilled
Frozen fillets
Other
0303.79
0303.80
03.04
0304.10
0304.20
0304.90
Customs Duty
VAT Excise
Duty
Cess
Unit
of
Qty.
Perf.
Gen.
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
kg
96
HS
Hdg.
HS Code
03.05
0305.10
0305.20
0305.30
0305.41
0305.42
0305.49
0305.51
0305.59
0305.59.01
0305.59.02
Description
Fish, dried, salted or in
brine: smoked fish,
whether or not cooked
before or during the
smoking process:
flours, meals and
pellets of fish, fit for
human consumption
Flours, meals and pellets
of fish, fit for human
consumption
Livers and roes of fish,
dried, smoked, salted or
in brine
Fish fillets, dried, salted
or in brine but not
smoked
Smoked fish, including
fillets:
Pacific salmon
(Oncorhynchus nerka,
Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha,
Oncorchynchus keta,
Oncorhynchus
tschawytscha,
Oncorhynchus kisutch,
Oncorhynchus masou
and Oncorhynchus
rhodurus), Atlantic
Salmon (Salmo salar)
and Danube salmon
(Hucho hucho)
Herrings (Clupea
harengus, Clupea
pallasii)
Other
Dried fish whether or not
salted but not smoked:
Cod (Gadus morhus,
Gadus ogac, Gadus
macrocephalus)
Other
Maldive fish and
substitutes therefore
Sprats, dried, not salted
Customs Duty
Perf.
Gen.
VAT Excise
Duty
Cess
Unit
of
Qty.
(In) 9.75%
15%
15%
kg
(In) 9.75%
15%
15%
kg
(SL)9.75%
(In) 9.75%
15%
15%
kg
(In) 9.75%
15%
15%
kg
(In) 9.75%
15%
15%
kg
(SL)13.5%
(In) 9.75%
15%
15%
kg
(In) 9.75%
15%
15%
kg
(SL)13.5%
(In) 9.75%
(SL)13.5%
(In) 9.75%
15%
15%
kg
15%
15%
kg
97
HS
Hdg.
HS Code
Description
0305.59.03
Shark fins
0305.59.04
Fish maws
0305.59.09
Other
0305.61
0305.62
0305.63
0305.69
03.06
0306.11
0306.12
0306.13
0306.14
0306.19
Fish, salted but not dried
or smoked and fish in
brine:
Herrings (Clupea
harengus, Clupea
pallasii)
Cod (Gadus morhus,
Gadus ogac, Gadus
macrocephalus)
Anchovies (Engraulis
sp)
Other
Crustaceans whether
in shell or not, live,
fresh, chilled, frozen,
dried, salted or in
brine; crustaceans in
shell, cooked by
steaming or by boiling
in water, whether or
not chilled, frozen,
dried, salted or in
brine; flours, meals
and pellets of
crustaceans, fit for
human consumption
Frozen
Rock lobster and other
sea crawfish (Palinurus
sp. ,Panulirus sp., Jasus
sp.)
Lobster (Homarus sp)
Shrimps and prawns
Crabs
Other, including flours,
meals and pellets of
crustaceans, fit for
human consumption:
Customs Duty
Perf.
Gen.
VAT Excise
Duty
Cess
Unit
of
Qty.
(SL) Free
*7.5%
(In) 9.75%
(SL) Free
*7.5%
(In) 9.75%
(SL) Free
*3%
(SP) 5.4%
(In) 3.9%
15%
15%
kg
15%
15%
kg
6%
6%
kg
(In) 9.75%
15%
15%
kg
(In) 9.75%
15%
15%
kg
(In) 9.75%
(In) 9.75%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
kg
kg
98
HS
Hdg.
HS Code
0306.19.01
Flours, meals and pellets
of crustaceans, fit for
human consumption
0306.19.09
Other
Not frozen:
Rock lobster and other
sea crawfish (Palinurus
sp. ,Panulirus sp., Jasus
sp.)
Live, Fresh or Chilled
Other
Lobster (Homarus sp):
Live, Fresh or Chilled
Other
Shrimp and prawns:
Dried prawn
Live, Fresh or Chilled
Other
Crabs:
Live, Fresh or Chilled
Other
Other, including flours,
meals and pellets of
crustaceans, fit for
human consumption
Flours, meals and pellets
of crustaceans, fit for
human consumption
Other live, fresh or
chilled
Other
0306.21
0306.21.01
0306.21.09
0306.22
0306.22.01
0306.22.09
0306.23
0306.23.01
0306.23.02
0306.23.09
0306.24
0306.24.01
0306.24.09
0306.29
0306.26.01
0306.29.02
0306.29.09
03.07
Description
Customs Duty
Perf.
Gen.
VAT Excise
Duty
Cess
Unit
of
Qty.
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
Molluscs, whether in
shell or not, live, fresh,
chilled, frozen, dried,
salted or in brine;
aquatic invertebrates
other than crustaceans
and molluscs, live, fresh,
chilled, frozen, dried,
salted or in brine;
invertebrates other than
crustaceans, fit for
human consumption
99
HS
Hdg.
HS Code
0307.10
0307.10.01
0307.10.09
0307.21
0307.21.01
0307.21.09
0307.29
0307.31
0307.31.01
0307.31.09
0307.39
0307.41
0307.41.01
0307.41.09
0307.49
0307.51
0307.51.01
0307.51.09
0307.59
0307.60
0307.60.01
0307.60.09
0307.91
0307.91.01
0307.91.09
Description
Oysters:
Live, fresh, chilled or
frozen
Other
Scallops, including
queen scallops, of the
genera Pecten, Chlamys
or Placopecten:
Live, fresh or chilled:
Live
Other
Other
Mussels (Mytilus sp.,
Perna sp.)
Live, fresh or chilled:
Live
Other
Other
Cuttlefish (Sepia
officinalis, Rassia
macrosoma, Sepiola sp.)
and squid
(Ommastrephes sp.,
Loligo sp., Nototodarus
sp., Seioteuthis sp.)
Live, fresh or chilled:
Live
Other
Other
Octopus (Octopus sp.)
Live, fresh or chilled:
Live
Other
Other
Snails, other than sea
snails:
Live, fresh, Chilled or
frozen
Other
Other, including flours,
meals and pellets of
aquatic invertebrates
other than crustaceans,
fit for human
consumption:
Live, fresh or chilled:
Live
Other
Customs Duty
Perf.
Gen.
VAT Excise
Duty
Cess
Unit
of
Qty.
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
(SP) 13.5%
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
100
HS
Hdg.
16.03
HS Code
Description
0307.99
0307.99.01
0307.99.09
Other:
Beche-de-mer
Other
1603.00
Extracts and juices of
meat, fish or
crustaceans, molluscs
or other aquatic
invertebrates
16.04
1604.11
1604.12
1604.13
1604.14
1604.15
1604.16
1604.19
1604.20
1604.30
1604.30.01
1604.09
Prepared or preserved
fish; caviar and caviar
substitutes prepared
from fish eggs
Fish, whole or in pieces,
but not minced:
Salmon
Herrings
Sardines, sardinella and
brisling or sprats
Tunas, skipjack and
bonito (Sarda sp.)
Mackerel
Anchovies
Other
Other prepared or
preserved fish
Caviar and caviar
substitutes:
Caviar
Customs Duty
Perf.
Gen.
(SP) 13.5%
15%
15%
15%
VAT Excise
Duty
15%
15%
15%
Cess
Unit
of
Qty.
kg
kg
kg
15%
Or
Rs.
15/kg
28%
15%
(+) 11.25%
(+) 11.25%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
(+) 11.25%
15%
15%
kg
(+) 11.25%
(+) 11.25%
(+) 11.25%
(+) 11.25%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
kg
kg
(+) 11.25%
15%
15%
kg
(+) 12.5%
Other
15%
15%
Crustaceans, molluscs
and other aquatic
invertebrates,
prepeared or preserved
1605.10
Crab
28%
1605.20
Shrimp and prawns
28%
1605.30
Lobster
28%
1605.40
Other crustaceans
28%
1605.90
Other
28%
Source: Customs Notification – Revenue Protection Order No. 01/2005
15%
kg
kg
15%
kg
15%
15%
15%
15%
15%
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
16.05
101
15. SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL AQUATIC RESOURCES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (NARA)
Table 15.1 Services Provided by NARA
Division
Marine Biological Resources
Services
Conduct marine resource surveys and stock assessment studies
Conduct marine environment impact assessments studies
Assist in identification of marine organisms
Provide guidelines and assist in developing strategies for
conservation of endangered marine species
Technical advice for marine resource management
Conduct training programmes on marine fisheries management
Supervision of projects on marine biology and fisheries
undertaken by graduates and school children
Inland Aquatic Resources and
Aquaculture
Disease diagnosis of fish and shrimp
Testing of water and soil quality for aquaculture practices
Site assessments for aquaculture
Environmental impact assessment of aquaculture practices
Conduct training programmes on exotic and endemic breeding,
propagation of aquatic plants, aquaculture and wetland
ecosystems.
Supervision of aquaculture related projects undertaken by
graduates and school children
Post Harvest Technology
Introduce improved processing techniques for fish and other
organisms
Developing new food and support products utilizing locally
available resources
Provide laboratory services such as; microbiological assessment,
quality control, chemical analysis and nutrients
Conduct training programmes on quality controlling, product
development and proper handling practices
Transfer of processing technology and quality assurance of
aquatic resources
Offer test services on microbiology, chemical, physical and
sensory parameters
Conduct training for the industry and community on quality
assurance and processing
Supervision of post harvest technology related projects
undertaken by graduates and school children
Environmental Studies
Conduct environmental impact assessments
Provide laboratory services for water quality analysis of drinking,
waste, sewage, processing waters and industrial effluents
Provide advisory services on environmental management
Supervision of aquatic environment related projects undertaken
by graduates and school children
Oceanography
Oceanographic information and modelling of coastal dynamics
Monitoring of sea level changers
Advice on maritime development for coastal management
Exploration of mineral and other non-living resources on the
102
seabed
Provide advisory services on oceanographic processors
Supervision of oceanography related projects undertaken by
graduates and school children
National Hydrographic Office
Conduct hydrographic surveys of inshore, near-shore and
offshore waters up to the end of EEZ
Produce nautical, fisheries charts and other user oriented
miscellaneous maps
Provide hydrographic information and conduct surveys on
request
Library and Extension
Dissemination and sharing of information and research findings
Conduct public awareness building programmes
Information Technology
Development and maintenance of databases and computer
networks
Applications of GIS and remote sensing for natural resources
management
Bio-Technology
Genetic analysis of aquatic species
Develop primers
Socio-Economic and Market Research
Economic assessments of aquatic resources and their
environment
Community and socio welfare assessment
Marketing and trade research
Feasibility studies on the fisheries related development projects
Socio-economic assessment of fishing communities
Provide information on fisheries
Supervision of socio-economic related projects undertaken by
graduates and school children
Fishing Technology
Development of efficient and echo friendly fishing methods
Develop devises to enhance fish aggregation and degraded
habitats
Conduct experimental fishing operations and fisheries surveys
Provide advisory services on fishing technology
Supervision of oceanography related projects undertaken by
graduates and school children
103
Table 15.2 Laboratory Services
Institute/ Laboratory
Laboratory service
National Aquatic Resources Chemical analysis of water, ice, soil, fish and fishery
Research and Development products
Agency (NARA)
Microbiological analysis of fish, shrimp and fishery products
Organoleptic assessments, Biotechnological and genetic
studies
Identification of aquatic organism
Disease identification
Table 15.3 Field Surveys and Consultancy Services
Institute
National Aquatic Resources
Research and Development
Agency (NARA)
Field studies
Hydrographic surveys
Oceanography surveys
Site selection for aquaculture
Environmental impact
assessment
Marine and inland aquatic
resource surveys
Marketing surveys
Economic assessment/loss
assessment of aquatic
habitats
Consultancy Services
Technical assistance and
advice
Table 15.4 Short Training Courses
Institute
National Aquatic Resources
Research and Development
Agency (NARA)
Discipline
Survey methodology
Ornamental fish breeding and rearing
Low cost feed development
Aquarium management
Turtle conservation practices
Application of remote sensing technology
Laboratory analysis of water quality
Food technology and quality assessment
104
Table 15.5 Publications Available at NARA
105
Maps
Title of map
Scale
Pilot project for a Hydrographic and Oceanographic Survey off Negombo
Preliminary bathymetric survey of Beira Lake
Map showing some environmental aspects of, and outfalls into the Beira
Lake
Survey plan of Mirissa Fishery Harbour
Coastal Area from Kelani-ganga to Negombo Muthurajawela wetlands,
Negombo Lagoon & adjacent area.
Kadolkellewatta-Negombo (Plan showing Proposed Aquaculture
development area and mangrove vegetation
Plan showing land proposed to be acquired by NARA at Kalpitiya
Hydrographic Survey of Norton Bridge pond
Puttalam Lagoon (Survey of channel) Kalpitiya to Kudremalai
Hydrographic survey of Laxapana pond
Plan showing the site for proposed research station & turtle hatchery at
Bundala
Part Hydrographic survey at Naval Dockyard, Trincomalee
Rottegewelle-Tangalle survey of Fishery Anchorage
Hydrographic survey of Puranawella Fishery Harbour
Survey of Puranawella Fishery harbour
Hydrographic survey of Canyon pond
Land and Hydrographic survey of Saigang area at Naval Dockyard,
Trincomalee
Zoning of Muturajewela wetlands and adjacent areas
Hydrographic survey of Weligama Bay
Coral reef survey of Kapparatota, Weligama
Sea floor morphology map of Southern coast of Sri Lanka
Observation of Currents at Puranawella Fishery harbour
Sheet layout of the survey for Coastal Engineering Investigation of
Bentota-Ambalangoda Coastal stretch
Comparison of 1988 & 1990 Bathymetry of Puranawella Fishery habour
Plan of Kadolkelewatta
Observation of current and sample location at Puranawella harbour area
Hydrographic survey of proposed reclaiming of land from sea at Mutwal
Hydrographic survey of Puranawella fishery harbour
Bathymetric survey for Coastal Engineering Investigation at Thoduwawa
coastal stretch
Hydrographic survey of Puranawella Fishery Harobur and area
Hydrographic survey of Malala lagoon in Hambantota District
Hydrographic survey of Rekawa Lagoon
Hydrographic survey of Kayts channel at Karaingar
Plan of Regional Research centre at Cod Bay, Trincomalee
Hydrographic survey of Fishery Harbour at Mirissa (After dredging)
Plan showing ground levels of Beruwala Fishery Harbour
Hydrographic survey of Fishery Harbour at Mirissa
Coastal Engineering Investigation at Payagala
Hydrographic survey of Puranawella Fishery Harbour
Hydrographic survey of Fishery Harbour at Mirissa
Repetitive Topographic survey (shore line survey) of Crow Island-5th
Hydrographic survey of Kankesanturai Harbour
Hydrographic survey at Fishery Harbour at Beruwala
Hydrographic survey of Fishery Harbour at Kudawella (West)
Kudawella soil investigation Wash Boring
106
Year
10,000
3,168
3,168
1984
1985
1985
1,000
12,672
1985
1986
2000
1986
4000
500
10000
500
2000
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1000
500
1000
0
500
1000
1988
1988
1988
1988
1988
1988
10000
5000
2000
0
1000
10000
1988
1989
1989
1989
1990
1990
1000
2000
1000
200
1000
5000
1990
1990
1990
1991
1991
1991
5000
500
5000
2000
500
1000
500
1000
5000
1000
1000
1000
2000
1000
1000
1000
1991
1992
1992
1993
1993
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1994
1995
1995
Feasibility study on the development of new Port of Colombo
Hydrographic survey of Fishery Harbour at Kudawella (East)
Topography survey at Kudawella
Hydrographic survey of Fishery Harbour at Kottegoda
Basic Coastal Investigation in the Beach from Panadura to Kalutara North
Feasibility study on the development of new Port of Colombo (Bathymetric
survey)
Hydrographic survey of Kelani River mouth
Survey of Koggala Lagoon
Colombo harbour & it Approaches
Hydrographic survey and profile layout at Tangalle
Map of study area at Puttalam Lagoon
Location of proposed site for CBM, shell gas offshore terminal
Profile layout at Kahawa
Profile layout at Hikkaduwa
Littoral current observation off Hikkaduwa-16th June 1998
Littoral current observation off Hikkaduwa - 3rd Aug. 1998
Littoral current observation off Hikkaduwa - 29th June 1998
Littoral current observation off Hikkaduwa - 19th June 1998
Hydrographic survey of Nicholson cove Trincomalee
Engineering survey for Investigation aquarium at WelipatanwilaHambantota district
Bathymetric survey of sand boring site at north Colombo
Great Basses to Little Basses
Baythymetric survey of Kudapaduwa
Coastal Investigation from Maha Oya to Lansigama
Bathymetric survey of Maussakelle reservoir
Bathymetric survey of Castlereagh reservoir
Negombo Lagoon mouth
Bathymetric survey of Bentota-Ambalangoda
Kalu river mouth
Bathymetric survey of Mirijjawewa
Profile layout of proposed fishery harbour at Hambantota
Shore details survey at Maha Oya-Lansigama
Shore details survey at Colombo North-Dikowita
Profile layout of Kalu Ganga
Coastal Investigation from Maha Oya to Lansigama-Bathymetry
Bathymetric survey for proposed fishery harbour at Hambantota
Bathymetric survey of Chilaw Lagoon
Profile layout of proposed fishery habour at Kalamatiya
Bathymetric survey for proposed fishery habour at Kalamatiya
Bathymetry survey at Colombo North-Dikowita
Bathymetry survey at Wadduwa
Bathymetric survey of the harbour area at Ambalangoda
Bathymetry survey at Castlereagh reservoir
Bathymetry survey of the habour area at Kalamatiya
Bathymetry survey of the habour area at Hambantota
Shore detail survey at Hikkaduwa
Bathymetry survey at Hikkaduwa
Bathymetry survey at Hikkaduwa (Coral Reef)
Profile Layout at Kandakuliya
Location of sample point at Dikowita
Bathymetry survey at Maha Oya-Lansigama
Bathymetry survey at Kandakuliya
107
10000
1000
1000
1000
5000
5000
1995
1995
1995
1995
1996
1996
10000
5000
25000
5000
100000
40000
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
10000
2000
1000
1996
1996
1996
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1998
1999
15000
100000
2000
5000
7500
2000
1000
10000
2000
5000
5000
5000
5000
10000
5000
5000
1000
5000
5000
5000
5000
1000
2500
1000
1000
5000
5000
1000
5000
5000
5000
5000
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
2000
2000
2000
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2001
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002
Senior Executive Staff
National Aquatic Resources Research & Development Agency
Crow Island, Mattakkuliya, Colombo-15.
Name
Designation
Telephone
(+94.011)
Mr. K. Haputantri
: Chairman
2521881
2521176
Mrs. K. T. R. Prathapasinghe
: Director General
2521932
Heads of Divisions
Ms. M. H. S. Ariyarathna
: Inland Aquatic Resources and
Aquaculture Division
2521005
Dr. E.M.R.K.B. Edirisinghe
: Post Harvest Technology
2529715
Dr. (Mrs) C. Amarasiri
: Marine Biological Resources Division
2521914
Dr. (Mrs) R. Maldeniya
: Socio-economic and Market Research
Division
2529718
Dr. K. Arulananthan
: Oceanography Division
2521008
Mr. N. Sureshkumar
: Environmental Studies Division
2521009
Mr. M.A. Ariyawansa
: National Hydrographic Office
2521705
Mrs. S.R.V. Rupasinghe
: Library and Information Division
2521633
Mr. D.A. Karunasena
: Services and Maintenance Division
2529735
Mr. M.D. Senaratne
: Finance Division
2521382
Mr. P. Punyadewa
: Fishing Technology
Mr. Sumeda Jayasinghe
: Administrative Officer
2529717
Mr. A.B.A.K.Gunaratne
: Information Technology Division
2529581
Division
2529737
Regional Research Stations
Mrs. V. Pahalawattaarachchi
: Kadolkele, Negombo
031-2222479
Mrs. W. Rajapaksha
: Rekawa, Tangalle
047-2242221
Mr. P.A.D.A. Kumara
: Kalpitiya
032-2260794
Circuit Bungalow
: Trincomalee
026-223330
108