Polysaccharide isolated from Poria cocos sclerotium induces NF-κB/Rel activation and iNOS
expression through the activation of p38 kinase in murine macrophages
International Immunopharmacology, Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2004, Pages 1029-1038
Kun Yeong Lee, Ho Jin You, Hye Gwang Jeong, Jong Soon Kang, Hwan Mook Kim, Sang Dal
Rhee and Young Jin Jeon
SummaryPlus | Full Text + Links | PDF (368 K)
In our previous studies, we showed that PCSC, a polysaccharide isolated from Poria cocos,
activated macrophages to induce the translocation of NF-κB/Rel into nucleus and DNA binding to
its cognate site in the promoter of iNOS gene [Int. Immunopharmacol. 3 (2003) 1353]. In the
present study, we investigated the role of p38 kinase pathway and membrane receptors (CD14,
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and CR3) in mediating nitric oxide (NO) production and NF-κB/Rel
activation induced by PCSC. Treament of RAW 264.7 cells with PCSC resulted in significant
activation of p38. The specific p38 inhibitor SB203580 abrogated the PCSC-induced NF-κB/Rel
activation and NO generation, whereas the selective mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular
signal-regulated kinase 1 (MEK-1) inhibitor PD98059 did not affect the NF-κB/Rel and NO
induction. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with anti-CD14 Ab, anti-TLR4 Ab, and anti-CR3
Absignificantly blocked PCSC-induced NO production activation. In conclusion, we demonstrate
that PCSC induces NF-κB/Rel activation and iNOS expression through the CD14, TLR4, and CR3
membrane receptor and p38 kinase which is critically involved in the signal transduction leading
to NF-κB/Rel activation in murine macrophages.
Polysaccharide isolated from Poria cocos sclerotium induces NF-κB/Rel activation and iNOS
expression in murine macrophages
International Immunopharmacology, Volume 3, Issues 10-11, October 2003, Pages 1353-1362
Kun Yeong Lee and Young Jin Jeon
SummaryPlus | Full Text + Links | PDF (483 K)
We show that PCSC, a polysaccharide isolated from the sclerotium of Poria cocos with 1%
sodium carbonate, significantly induces nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase
(iNOS) transcription through the activation of nuclear factor-κB/Rel (NF-κB/Rel). In vivo
administration of PCSC induced NO production by peritoneal macrophages of B6C3F1 mice.
PCSC also dose-dependently induced the production of NO in isolated mouse peritoneal
macrophages and RAW 264.7, a murine macrophage-like cell line. Moreover, iNOS protein and
mRNA transcription were strongly induced by PCSC in RAW 264.7 cells. To further investigate
the mechanism responsible for the induction of iNOS gene expression, we investigated the effect
of PCSC on the activation of transcription factors including NF-κB/Rel and Oct, whose binding
sites were located in the promoter of iNOS gene. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with PCSC
produced strong induction of NF-κB/Rel-dependent reporter gene expression, whereas
Oct-dependent gene expression was not affected by PCSC. DNA binding activity of NF-κB/Rel
was significantly induced by PCSC, and this effect was mediated through the degradation of IκBα.
In conclusion, we demonstrate that PCSC stimulates macrophages to express iNOS gene through
the activation of NF-κB/Rel.
Biopolymers. 2005 Sep;79(1):28-38.
Solution properties of (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucan and its sulfated derivative from Poria cocos mycelia
via fermentation tank.Huang Q, Zhang L.
Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
From Poria cocos mycelia yielded via a pilot scale facility-fermentation tank, a water-insoluble
(1-->3)-alpha-D-glucan coded as Pi-PCM3-I was isolated by extraction with 0.5 M NaOH/0.01 M
NaBH(4) aqueous solution. Nine fractions from F1 to F9 with a weight-average molecular mass
(M(w)) range from 7.75 x 10(4) to 57.3 x 10(4) were prepared from the Pi-PCM3-I sample by a
nonsolvent addition method. The fractions were reacted with chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine
complex to product water-soluble sulfated derivatives coded as S1 to S8 with M(w) from 2.36 x
10(4) to 14.5 x 10(4) and degree of substitution (DS) of 0.86-1.38. M(w), z-average radius of
gyration (s(2) (z) (1/2)), the second virial coefficient (A(2)), and the intrinsic viscosity ([eta]) of
the native and sulfated Pi-PCM3-I were measured by laser light scattering (LLS), size-exclusion
chromatography combined with LLS (SEC-LLS), and viscometry at 25 degrees C. The
Mark-Houwink equations for Pi-PCM3-I in 0.25 M LiCl/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Me(2)SO)
and for its sulfated derivative in 0.15 M NaCl aqueous solution at 25 degrees C were established
to be [eta] = 1.33 x 10(-2) M(w) (0.75+/-0.01) (mL g(-1)) and [eta] = 1.46 x 10(-4) M(w)
(1.13+/-0.01) (mL g(-1)), respectively. On the basis of theories for a wormlike cylinder model, the
conformational parameters of the native and sulfated Pi-PCM3-I were calculated to be 760 +/- 50
and 1060 +/- 30 nm(-1) for the molar mass per unit contour length (M(L)), 6.3 +/- 0.5 and 13.1 +/1 nm for the persistence length (q), and 14.9 +/- 0.2 and 31.8 +/- 1 for the characteristic ratio
(C( proportional, variant)), respectively. The results revealed that Pi-PCM3-I existed as an
extended flexible chain in 0.25 M LiCl/Me(2)SO, and its sulfated derivative existed as a semistiff
chain in 0.15 M NaCl aqueous solution. Furthermore, Pi-PCM3-I possessed similar structure and
molecular parameters to wc-PCM3-I from a rotary shaker; this suggests promising
industrialization of Poria cocos polysaccharides.
Carbohydr Res. 2004 Jan 22;339(2):327-34.
Chemical components and molecular mass of six polysaccharides isolated from the sclerotium of
Poria cocos.Wang Y, Zhang M, Ruan D, Shashkov AS, Kilcoyne M, Savage AV, Zhang L.
Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
Six polysaccharides were extracted sequentially from the fresh sclerotium of Poria cocos
cultivated in China using 0.9% NaCl (PCS1), hot water (PCS2), 0.5M NaOH (PCS3-I and
PCS3-II), and 88% formic acid (PCS4-I and PCS4-II). Their chemical and physical characteristics
were determined using infrared spectroscopy (IR), gas chromatography (GC), GC-MS methylation
analysis, 13C NMR spectroscopy, elementary analysis (EA), protein analysis, size exclusion
chromatography combined with laser light scattering (SEC-LLS), light scattering (LS), and
viscometry. The results indicated that the polysaccharides PCS1, PCS2, and PCS3-I were
heteropolysaccharides containing D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-fucose, and D-xylose;
the predominant monosaccharide was D-glucose except for PCS1 where it was D-galactose.
PCS3-II, the main component of the sclerotium of P. cocos, was a linear (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan of
high purity. PCS4-I consisted of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan with some beta-(1-->6) linked branches.
PCS4-II was mainly composed of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan containing some glucose branches. The
M(w) values of the six polysaccharides PCS1, PCS2, PCS3-I, PCS4-I in 0.2M NaCl aqueous
solution, PCS3-II, and PCS4-II in dimethyl sulfoxide (Me(2)SO) were determined to be 11.6 x
10(4), 20.8 x 10(4), 17.1 x 10(4), 9.1 x 10(4), 12.3 x 10(4), and 21.1 x 10(4), respectively. The six
polysaccharides in aqueous solution or Me(2)SO exist as flexible chains.
检索式：
poria cocos[Title/Abstract] AND isolat*[Title/Abstract] AND polysaccharides
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