Chemistry Vocabulary
The atom (helium)
Atomic number: 2 (2 protons)
Atomic mass: 4 (2 protons + 2 neutrons). Only one isotope of helium commonly
occurs.
Number of electrons: 2
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons
A proton has a positive electric charge. An electron has a negative electric charge.
The states of matter
sublime
melt
solid (ice)
evaporate
liquid (water)
solidify freeze
gas (vapour)
condense
sublime
Elements and compounds
The simplest elements
Atomic
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Name
hydrogen
helium
ithium
beryllium
boron
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
fluorine
neon
sodium
magnesium
aluminium
Symbol
H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Most requent number valencies
1, –1
1
2
3
4, –4, 2
3, –3, 5, 4, 2, 1
–2
–1
1
2
3
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
silicon
phosphorus
sulphur
chlorine
argon
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
potassium
calcium
K
Ca
Elements whose symbols are very different:
iron
copper
silver
tin
gold
lead
Fe
Cu
Ag
Sn
Au
Pb
Common anions with their valencies:
hydride
carbonate
nitride
nitrite
nitrate
oxide
peroxide
hydroxide
fluoride
phosphate
sulfide
sulfite
sulfate
chloride
chlorite
chlorate
H–
CO32–
N3–
NO2–
NO3–
O2–
O22–
OH–
F–
PO43–
S2–
SO32–
SO42–
Cl–
ClO2–
ClO3–
4
3, –3, 5
–2, 6, 4
1, –1, 3, 5, 7
1
2
Example compounds:
Sodium hydride
Lithium carbonate
Boron nitride
Sodium nitrite
Silver nitrate
Zinc oxide
Barium peroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Hydrogen fluoride
Tricalcium phosphate
Iron (II) sulfide
Sodium sulfite
Copper (II) sulfate
Potassium chloride
Sodium chlorite
Potassium chlorate
NaH
Li2CO3
BN
NaNO2
AgNO3
ZnO
BaO2
KOH
HF
Ca3(PO4)2
FeS
Na2SO3
CuSO4
KCl
NaClO2
KClO3
Chemistry Vocabulary Exercises
1. Write the translation of the words.
1 hectogram
2 silicon
3 nanosecond
4 evaporate
5 molar mass
6 isotope
7 hydrogen
a………………………….
b………………………….
c………………………….
d………………………….
e………………………….
f………………………….
g………………………….
2. Complete the definitions with a word from the box.
charge
compound
liquid
metal
molecule
reaction
1 If a substance sublimes it passes from a solid to a gas, without becoming a
...l.i.q..u..i.d..... .
2 A ............... is the smallest structured particle of a substance, with no electric
charge.
3 Lead is a soft, very dense, poisonous ................
4 An element’s electric ............... is given by subtracting the number of electrons from the
number of protons.
5 A substance’s valency gives the number of ions that will combine to form a
.................
6 An equation such as H2+Cl2 = HCl represents a chemical .................
3.Match the names of the compounds with the formulae and the descriptions
1.sodium chloride
2.hydrogen chloride
3.carbon dioxide
4.aluminium oxide
5.nitrous oxide
6.hydrogen peroxide
7.calcium carbonate
N2O
H2O2
Al2O3
NaCl
CaCO3
CO2
HCl
alumina, taken from bauxite ore to make aluminium
chalk, limestone, and shells
a gas which makes hydrochloric acid when dissolved in water
‘laughing gas’, used as an anaesthetic
table salt
a gas that we breathe out and plants use
a watery liquid used for cleaning wounds and
bleachin hair
4.Write the English names of these compounds
1
2
3
4
5
6
KNO3
NaOH
LiF
AuCl3
MgCO 3
H2O
........potassium nitrate..
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