Moving Household Goods to the United States
A Guide to Customs Regulations
This brochure provides Customs information for the following groups of people:

Returning residents who have been living outside of the United States for a number of
years and are returning to live in the United States.

U.S. Government personnel, both civilian and military, returning to the United States
with personal and household effects after a tour of duty abroad.

First-time immigrants who intend to take up residence in the United States and former
residents who qualify for consideration as nonresidents.

Part-time residents who live part of the year in the United States and the rest of the
year in another country.
This brochure also addresses the issue of importing inherited goods described on page X.
Every effort has been made to make the information in this brochure as accurate as
possible and to cover the subjects that are of most general interest and concern. It is not
possible, however, to cover all matters in detail, and the pertinent regulations change
from time to time.
Persons arriving in the United States from foreign countries are divided into two classes
for Customs purposes: (1) residents of the U.S. returning from abroad, and (2) all other
persons, from here on referred to as nonresidents. Your classification determines the
exemptions from payment of duty on your household effects for which you are eligible.
A resident of a foreign country married to a U.S. resident, and any children born abroad
are considered nonresidents when coming into the United States for the first time.
You may write to the U.S. Customs Service, PO Box 7407, Washington, D.C. 20044, if
you have a question that is not answered by the information in this brochure.
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Contents
Determining your Customs Status
Returning Resident
Government/Military Employee
Returning in advance of PCS orders
Emergency Evacuee
Nonresident/First-Time Immigrant
Part-Time Resident
What are Household Effects?
What are Personal Effects?
Inherited Goods
General Procedures for Importing Household and Personal Effects
Goods That Accompany You
Goods Shipped Separately
Importing an Automobile or Other Vehicle
Safety, Bumper and Theft Prevention Standards
Federal Tax
Emission Standards
Passenger Cars or Trucks Originally Manufactured to Meet U.S. Emission
Standards
Passenger Cars or Trucks Not Originally Manufactured to Meet U.S. Emission
Standards
Shipping Arrangements
General Rules for Liquor and Tobacco
Prohibited or Restricted Goods
Biological Materials
Books, Videotapes, Cassettes, Computer Programs
Cultural Artifacts and Cultural Property
Dog and Cat Fur, Items Made From
Firearms and Ammunition
Food and Dairy Products
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Fruits, Plants, Vegetables
Gold
Meats, Livestock, Poultry
Medicine/Narcotics
Money
Pets
Trademarked Articles
Wildlife, Fish, Plants
Returning Residents
Duty Exemptions for Household and Personal Effects
Professional Equipment/Tools of Trade
Liquor and Tobacco
Firearms and Ammunition
Gifts
Government/Military Personnel
Differences between Government/Military Personnel and Returning Residents.
Duty Exemptions for Household and Personal Effects
Traveling by Military Transport
Unaccompanied Baggage
Automobiles
Liquor, Tobacco
Firearms and Ammunition
Nonresidents/First-Time Immigrants
Differences between Nonresidents and Returning Residents.
Duty Exemptions for Household and Personal Effects
Professional Equipment/Tools of Trade
Automobiles
Liquor, Tobacco
Firearms and Ammunition
Gifts
Part-Time Residents
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Differences between Part-time Residents and Returning Residents.
Appendix
U.S. Customs Form 3299 – Declaration For Free Entry of Unaccompanied
Articles
U.S. Customs Form 6059B – Customs Declaration
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Determining Your Customs Status
Returning Resident
A returning resident is a citizen of the United States, or a person who has formerly
resided in the United States, (including American citizens who are residents of Guam,
American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S.
Virgin Islands) who is returning from abroad. In order to be classified as a returning
resident, it must be understood that your time out of the country was for a temporary
period. If your intent was to move abroad permanently (you married a nonresident), and
after a time, your plans unexpectedly changed (you became divorced), your return to the
U.S. may be classified as a nonresident move.
If you have lived abroad for more than three years you may enter as a nonresident.
Government/Military Employees
U.S. Government personnel are individuals employed by the U.S. Government. They
must receive a paycheck from the U.S. Government. The person in the service of the
United States must be returning under Government orders at the end of an extended duty
assignment outside the Customs territory of the United States.
An extended duty assignment abroad must be longer than 140 days, except as noted for
Navy personnel. Military and civilian personnel are entitled to free entry privileges if:

They are returning, at any time, after an assignment of extended duty.

They are returning to the United States on permanent change of station (PCS) orders
regardless of the duration of assignment overseas.

They are under permanent change of station (PCS) orders to another post or station
abroad, requiring return of their personal and household effects to the United States.
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Navy personnel serving aboard a United States naval vessel, or a supporting naval vessel
when it leaves the United States on an intended deployment of 120 days or more outside
the country, and who continue to serve on the vessel until it returns to the United States
are entitled to the extended duty exemption.
Returning in Advance of Permanent Change of Station (PCS) Orders
Family members who have lived overseas with the employee, but return to the United
States with their possessions before the employee receives his/her orders ending the
extended duty assignment, cannot claim the duty-free exemption granted to military or
Government personnel; for example, a spouse who returns to the United States to look for
housing or a student who returns to the U.S. to enter college.
Emergency Evacuees
Any person living abroad who is ordered by the United States Government to leave a
specific foreign country and return to the United States because of civil unrest or war is
given the same exemption granted under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule to U.S. Military
and Government Personnel. This may include government personnel, tourists, persons
employed in private business – in short, anyone covered by an evacuation order.
Nonresident/First-Time Immigrants
First-time immigrants to the United States are considered to be nonresidents the first time
they enter the United States. Every time thereafter they are considered to be returning
residents as long as they have their Immigration and Naturalization Service form I-551,
residency visa, a.k.a. “green card.”
Part-Time Residents
A part-time resident may maintain two households, one in the United States and one in
another country. They may be in the United States for business, for pleasure, or for
educational purposes. The visit can be for a few weeks or for several years. A part-time
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resident may be classified, for Customs purposes, as either a returning resident or a
nonresident. The status of either returning resident or nonresident is dependent upon
several things and is usually decided on a case-by-case basis. Deciding factors include
citizenship, where the traveler pays taxes, where he/she is employed, what country or
state drivers license he/she possess, etc. A U.S. citizen is presumed to be a resident
unless they can show that they are a resident of another country (e.g., possess a residency
visa for another country, a round-trip ticket to return to another country, etc.) A citizen
of another country residing in the U.S. must have an Immigration and Naturalization
Service form I-551, residency visa, a.k.a. “green card,” to be considered a returning
resident.
Household Effects
Household effects are furniture, dishes, linens, libraries, artwork and similar household
furnishings for your personal use. The articles must have either been available for your
use or used in a household where you were a resident for one year and are not intended
for any other person or for sale. The year of use does not need to be continuous, nor does
it need to be the year immediately before the date of importation.
Personal Effects
Personal effects are items that belong to, and are used by, one person, such as wearing
apparel, jewelry, photographic equipment and tape recorders. They cannot be entered as
household effects.
Inherited Goods
Inherited goods imported into the United States cannot be brought in duty-free as
household or personal effects unless they meet the following criteria:
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
They are antiques (over 100 years old) and you have documentation to prove this.

They were available for your use in a household where you resided for a year prior to
your moving to the United States. It does not have to be the year prior to the
inheritance, for example, they were in your parents house while you were growing up.
Even if the above conditions do not apply to your inherited goods, because most inherited
goods are used, the amount of duty assessed will most likely be small.
General Procedures for Importing Household and Personal Effects
When completing the Customs Form (CF) 6059B, “Customs Declaration,” for
accompanying goods, or the CF 3299 “Declaration For Free Entry of Unaccompanied
Articles,” the statement that the goods are “household effects” is not sufficient
information. The complete inventory of imported goods will be treated as the packing list
and must be provided to Customs upon request. The following is an example of an
invoice description.
Furniture: Tables, chairs, sofas, bedroom, home/office and living room furniture, desks,
lamps, mirrors, etc.
Kitchenware: Silverware, glassware, chinaware, pots, pans, utensils, electrical kitchen
appliances, etc.
Household goods: Linens, towels, rugs, toiletries, cleaning products, decorative articles,
art, framed pictures, toys, strollers, crafts, holiday decorations, fans, washers, dryers,
VCRs, TVs, stereos, records, collectibles, etc.
Sport equipment: (NO FIREARMS). Bicycles, weights, stationary equipment, skis,
skates, surfboards, etc.
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Clothes: For women, men, boys, girls, and infants.
Books/Printed materials: Books, calendars, personal records, photo albums, etc.
Home/Office equipment/Tools of Trade: Computers (CPU, monitor, printer, software,
etc.), filing cabinets, shredders, fax machines, telephone equipment, calculators, books,
etc.
Other personal effects: Item(s) not covered by previous categories should be individually
described.
The quantity on the invoice must, at minimum, provide the count in boxes, crates, or
pieces. This information is required for the efficient completion of Customs document
review and examination.
NOTE: To safeguard against the importation of dangerous pests, the U.S. Department of
Agriculture prohibits solid wood packing materials from China unless they have been
fumigated and have appropriate documentation.
Goods That Accompany You
Household and personal effects that arrive in the U.S. on the same vessel, vehicle or
aircraft, and on the same day that you do, are considered to accompany you. Articles that
are shipped as freight on a bill of lading or airway bill are also considered to accompany
you when the baggage arrives in the U.S. on the same conveyance that you arrive on.
You must complete Customs Form 6059B, “Customs Declaration,” listing all items with
their value that you are bringing into the United States with you. Identify those you
believe are entitled to duty-free entry, based on the information in this publication.
Explain your status to the Customs Inspector and ask any questions that you may have
before the inspection of your belongings begins.
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Goods Shipped Separately
Household effects entitled to duty-free entry do not need to accompany you to the United
States; you may have them shipped to your U.S. address at a later time if you choose.
Your shipment of personal and/or household goods must be cleared through Customs at
its first port of arrival unless you have made arrangements with a foreign freight
forwarder to have your effects sent in Customs custody in-bond from the port of arrival to
a more convenient port of entry for clearance. (Ask your moving company if they offer
this service.) Customs will not notify you that your goods have arrived. It is the
responsibility of the shipper to notify you of the arrival of your goods. After receiving
this notification you must enter the merchandise. Failure to enter the merchandise within
15 days after its arrival in port may result in the merchandise being moved to a general
order warehouse. If merchandise is placed in a general order warehouse, storage charges
will accrue and payment of those charges is the responsibility of the party importing the
household goods. Failure to obtain that merchandise from the general order warehouse
within six months may result in its sale. When you come to Customs to enter your goods,
you must complete Customs Form 3299 “Declaration for Free Entry of Unaccompanied
Articles,” to give to the Customs officer. If you cannot come to the Customs office
yourself, you may designate a friend or relative to represent you in Customs matters.
You must give that person a letter addressed to “Officer in Charge of Customs”
authorizing that individual to represent you as your agent on a one-time basis to clear
your shipment through Customs.
Importing an Automobile or Other Vehicle
It is important to know that any imported vehicle, new or used, must comply with U.S.
safety, fuel savings, and air pollution control standards. If an imported vehicle does not
conform to these standards, it must be brought into conformity; otherwise it must be
destroyed or exported. Both the Department of Transportation (DOT) and the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) advise that although a nonconforming car may
be conditionally admitted, modifications may be impractical, impossible, or require such
extensive engineering that the labor and material cost may be prohibitive. Foreign
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automakers can also certify whether or not an automobile conforms to U.S. standards.
Additional information on importing an automobile can be found on the U.S. Customs
Web site at www.customs.gov under Publications, Videos and Forms in the Importing
and Exporting section, and on the DOT website and on the EPA website.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture also requires that the undercarriage of imported cars
be free from foreign soil before they can be entered into the United States. This may be
done by steam spray or by thorough cleaning before shipment.
Safety, Bumper and Theft Prevention Standards
Importers of motor vehicles must file form HS-7 Declaration (available at ports of entry)
at the time a vehicle is imported to declare whether the vehicle complies with Department
of Transportation requirements. As a general rule, all imported motor vehicles less than
25 years old and items of motor vehicle equipment must comply with all applicable
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards in order to be imported permanently into the
United States. Vehicles manufactured after September 1, 1978, must also meet the
bumper standard, and vehicles beginning with model-year 1987 must meet the theftprevention standard.
Vehicles manufactured to meet these standards will have a certification label affixed by
the original manufacturer near the driver’s-side door. If you purchase a vehicle abroad
that is certified to U.S. standards, you can expedite your importation by making sure the
sales contract identifies this fact and by presenting the contract to U.S. Customs at the
time of importation.
A vehicle must be imported as a nonconforming vehicle unless it bears the
manufacturer’s label certifying that it meets U.S. standards. If it is a nonconforming
vehicle, the importer must contract with a DOT-registered importer (RI) to modify the
vehicle and certify that it conforms to all applicable federal motor vehicle safety
standards. The importer must also post a DOT bond for one-and-a-half times the
vehicle’s dutiable value. This bond is in addition to the normal Customs entry bond.
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Copies of the DOT bond and the contract with the RI must be attached to the HS-7 form.
Before an RI can modify your vehicle, it must first be determined whether the vehicle is
capable of being modified to comply with the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards.
The process of modifying your vehicle may become very complex and costly. A list of
vehicles that have already been determined capable of being modified by an RI may be
obtained from the RI or from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s
(NHTSA) Web site at www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/import. Additional information may
be obtained by writing to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NSA-32),
Office of planning and Consumer Programs, 400 7th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20590;
or call: DOT Auto Safety Hotline at 1.888.327.4236: or by faxing your request to 202.
366.1024.
If you do not have a copy of U.S. Customs’ brochure Importing or Exporting a Car, the
EPA standards are briefly described below. Customs will require a formal entry,
regardless of value for all importations of nonconforming vehicles unless the nonresident
exemption is claimed.
Trailers, motorcycles, and mopeds are also subject to DOT standards.
Federal Tax
Certain imported automobiles may be subject to the gas-guzzler tax imposed by Section
4064 of the Internal Revenue Code. The tax is imposed on an automobile that has a fuel
economy standard of less than 22.5 miles per gallon. Additional information may be
obtained from any local district office of the Internal Revenue Service.
Emission Standards
Unless otherwise noted, importers of passenger cars, light trucks, motorcycles and heavy
duty engines must complete and submit an EPA entry form (EPA Form 3520-1) to
Customs upon entry. These forms may be obtained from Customs at the port of entry.
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The following passenger cars, light-trucks, motorcycles and heavy-duty engines are
subject to Federal emission requirements:

Gasoline-fueled cars and light-trucks originally manufactured after December 31,
1967.

Diesel-fueled cars originally manufactured after December 31, 1974.

Diesel-fueled light-trucks originally manufactured after December 31, 1975.

Motorcycles greater than 49 cubic centimeters displacement originally manufactured
after December 31, 1977.

Gasoline or diesel-fueled heavy-duty engines originally manufactured after January 1,
1970.

Methanol-fueled vehicles or engines manufactured for 1990 or later model years.

Compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquid petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles or engines
(including propane) manufactured for 1997 or later model years.
Note that any nonconforming motor vehicle or engine, which is 21 years old or greater
and has not been modified within that time, is considered by EPA to be exempted from
Federal emission requirements.
Beginning with the 1996 model year, Federal emission requirements also apply to some
non-road motorized equipment, such as lawn and garden equipment, and farm and
construction equipment.
For those vehicles that are subject to U.S. emission standards, the following must be
complied with upon entry into the United States:
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Passenger Cars or Trucks Originally Manufactured to Meet U.S. Emission
Standards
All 1971 and later model cars or trucks in this category can be identified by a label in a
readily visible position in the engine compartment. This label will indicate that the
vehicle was originally manufactured to comply with U.S. emission standards. For
pre-1971 models, you should verify the original compliance of the vehicle with the
vehicle manufacturer.
Vehicles originally equipped with a catalyst or oxygen sensor are no longer subject to
EPA's requirement that the vehicle be bonded on entry. Vehicles that have had the
catalyst and oxygen sensor removed, or had these components damaged through use of
leaded fuel, are still required to have these components replaced after importation.
Passenger Cars or Trucks Not Originally Manufactured to Meet U.S. Emission
Standards
These vehicles must be imported through an independent commercial importer (ICI). The
EPA entry form (EPA Form 3520-1) must be submitted by the ICI, not the vehicle owner.
A list of these ICIs may be obtained at the port of entry or from the EPA. There are no
ICIs located overseas and the EPA does not accept conversions performed overseas. The
ICI will be responsible for modifying and testing the vehicle in order to demonstrate that
it complies with all U.S. emission requirements. Such conversions typically cost several
thousand dollars and take several months to complete. The EPA assumes no
responsibility for the quality of the work performed by an ICI or its contractual
arrangements, including costs. Since ICIs do not necessarily accept all models, and some
models may be difficult to convert, the EPA suggests that the importer complete
arrangements with an ICI prior to shipping the vehicle to the United States.
Inquiries regarding emission requirements should be addressed to the attention of: The
Environmental Protection Agency, Imports (6405-J), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW,
Washington, DC 20460. You may also contact the EPA by phone at 202.564.9240, fax
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202.564.2057, or access the Imports Faxback System to obtain documents including a
current list of ICIs at 202.564.9660.
Shipping Arrangements
For your own safety, security and convenience, DO NOT use your car as a container for
personal belongings. The practice of shipping personal belongings packed in an
automobile is discouraged for the following reasons:

The goods in the car must be available for Customs inspection, which means you
cannot lock your vehicle. If you do, Customs may break the lock to inspect the
goods.

Your personal belongings are susceptible to theft while waiting to be loaded on the
carrier, while being transported to the U.S., or after being unloaded in the United
States.

Many shippers and carriers will not accept your vehicle if it contains personal
belongings. The carrier is required to list the automobile and its contents on the ship's
manifest. If the contents are not listed, the carrier is subject to fines or penalties.

The vehicle and its contents may be subject to seizure and you may be subject to fines
or penalties if you or your agent do not declare the complete contents of the vehicle at
the time the automobile is examined by U.S. Customs.
General Rules for Liquor and Tobacco
Tobacco
Products of Cuban tobacco are prohibited to arriving U.S. citizens and residents, unless
acquired in Cuba by persons authorized by the State Department to travel to Cuba.
Persons who are authorized by the State Department to travel to Cuba will remain subject
to the general exemptions and restrictions applied to the importation of tobacco products.
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Cigarettes may be subject to a tax imposed by state and local authorities.
Liquor
You will be required to pay duty on liquor that is imported in quantities greater than the
exemptions allowed for each category of persons moving to the United States.
While there is no Federal limit to the amount of alcohol you may bring in, there will most
likely be a state limit. This limit is determined by the state that your goods arrive in, not
the state you are moving to unless your goods are sent in-bond to the state you are
moving to.
Alcoholic beverages may not be imported into the U.S. by mail, nor can Customs release
liquor in violation of the laws of the state where it is entered. As laws vary from state to
state, this information may be obtained from state liquor authorities. The Bureau of
Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) and the U.S. Customs Service have concurrent
jurisdiction in the area of personal use importations of alcoholic beverages. As a practical
matter, it is usually the U.S. Customs Service and the port director at the port of entry
who decide whether or not a particular importation is, in fact, for personal use only. In
certain circumstances, ATF may exercise joint jurisdiction with Customs in making this
determination. In addition, other state, local or U.S. Customs requirements may apply. It
should be noted that some states prohibit the direct shipment of alcoholic beverages to
individuals. Anyone interested in importing alcohol for personal use should contact his or
her state liquor control agency. If the alcohol is being imported for sale, you must have an
ATF permit in advance of the goods arriving in port.
Households with personal wine cellars must remember that all alcohol over the amount
eligible for duty-free treatment is dutiable at the applicable duty rate and that all Federal,
state, and local taxes must be paid.
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Finally, the determination of whether or not a shipment is for personal or commercial use
cannot be decided solely on the size of the shipment, but must be determined on a caseby-case basis considering the circumstances surrounding the importation. However, the
size of the shipment may give rise to questions resulting in the need for an investigation
by Customs or the ATF. For further information contact:
Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms
U.S. Customs Service
Alcohol Import-Export Branch
Commercial Rulings Division
650 Massachusetts Ave., NW
Office of Regulations and Rulings
Washington, DC 20226
1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
TEL: 202.927.8110
Washington, DC 20229
FAX: 202.927.8605
TEL: 202.572.8700
Prohibited or Restricted Goods
The importation of certain classes of merchandise is prohibited or restricted to protect
community health, to preserve domestic plant and animal life, and for other reasons.
Should you attempt to bring in merchandise that is prohibited or restricted, the
merchandise could be seized and, in addition, you may be liable for a personal penalty.
Prohibited articles include, but are not limited to, the following: absinthe, lottery tickets,
narcotics and dangerous drugs, drug paraphernalia, obscene articles and publications,
seditious and treasonable materials, hazardous articles (e.g. fireworks, dangerous toys,
toxic or poisonous substances), products made by prison convicts, forced labor, or
indentured labor under penal sanctions, and switchblade knives (the only exception is for
a “one-armed traveler,” in which case the blade must be no longer than three inches).
Some merchandise that is restricted from entry into the United States may be released
after inspection by the Government agency that imposed the restrictions. In some
instances, this merchandise may be detained until the conditions attached to the
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restriction are met. If the restricted merchandise is not released by the Government
agency that imposed the restrictions and/or the conditions attached to the restrictions are
not met, the merchandise could be seized. In addition, the importer of this merchandise
may be liable for a personal penalty.
U.S. trade sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)
generally prohibit the importation into the United States (including U.S. territories),
either directly or indirectly, of most goods, technology, or services (except information
and informational materials) from, or which originated from, Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya,
North Korea, or Sudan; Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) had a partial lifting of trade
sanctions (See Executive Order 13192); from foreign persons designated by the
Secretary of State as having promoted the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction;
named Foreign Terrorist Organizations; designated terrorists and narcotics traffickers; the
Taliban, and areas of Afghanistan controlled by the Taliban. Vessels and aircraft under
the registry, ownership, or control of sanctions targets may not import merchandise into
the United States. The importation of Cuban cigars is generally prohibited. Diamonds
may not be imported from Angola or Sierra Leone without a certificate of origin or other
documentation that demonstrates to Customs authorities that they were legally exported
with the approval of the Angola Government of Unity and National Reconciliation.
Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control has amended the Iranian
Transactions Regulations, 31 CFR part 560, to authorize the importation into the United
States of, and dealings in, certain Iranian-origin foodstuffs and carpets and related
transactions. Section 560.534(a) of this final rule authorizes the importation of Iranianorigin foodstuffs intended for human consumption that are classified under chapters 2-23
of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS). Items that are classified in
chapters 2-23 of the HTS that are not foodstuffs intended for human consumption are not
authorized for importation into the United States by this section. This final rule also
authorizes the importation into the United States of Iranian-origin carpets and other
textile floor coverings and carpets used as wall hangings that are classified under chapter
57 or heading 9706.00.00.60 of the HTS. Items that are classified under heading
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9706.00.00.60 ("Antiques of an age exceeding one hundred years/Other") that are not
carpets and other textile floor coverings or carpets used as wall hangings are not
authorized for importation into the United States by this section.
Import restrictions imposed against sanctions targets vary by program. Contact the
Office of Foreign Assets Control at 202.622.2490 with specific questions or concerns or
visit OFAC’s Web site.
Biological Materials
Biological materials of public health or veterinary importance (disease organisms and
vectors for research and educational purposes) require import permits.
Write to Foreign Quarantine Program, U.S. Public Health Service, Center for Disease
Control, Atlanta, Ga. 30333.
Books, Video Tapes, Computer Programs and Cassettes
Pirated copies of copyrighted articles (unlawfully made reproductions or articles
produced without the copyright owner’s authorization, e.g., music CDs, toys, clothing
with cartoon characters, etc.,) are prohibited from importation into the United States.
Pirated copies will be seized and destroyed.
Cultural Artifacts and Cultural Property
Most countries have laws that protect their cultural property (art/artifacts/antiquities;
archaeological and ethnological material are also terms that are used.) Such laws include
export controls and/or national ownership of cultural property. Even if purchased from a
business in the country of origin, or in another country, legal ownership of such artifacts
may be in question if brought into the United States. Make certain you have documents
such as export permits and receipts, although these do not necessarily confer lawful
ownership. While foreign laws may not be enforceable in the U.S., they can cause
certain U.S. laws to be invoked. For example, as a general rule, under the U.S. National
Stolen Property Act, one cannot have legal title to art/artifacts/antiquities that were
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stolen, no matter how many times such items may have changed hands. Articles of stolen
cultural property (from museums or from religious or secular public monuments)
originating in any of the countries party to the 1970 UNESCO Convention may not be
imported into the United States.
In addition, U.S. law may restrict importation into the U.S. of specific categories of
art/artifacts/antiquities:

U.S. law restricts the import of any Pre-Columbian monumental and architectural
sculpture and murals from Central and South American countries.

U.S. law specifically restricts the importation of Native American artifacts from
Canada; Maya pre-Columbian archaeological objects from Guatemala;
Pre-Columbian archaeological objects from El Salvador and Peru; archaeological
objects (such as terracotta statues) from Mali; Colonial period objects such as
paintings and ritual objects from Peru; Byzantine period ritual and ecclesiastic objects
(such as icons) from Cyprus; Khmer stone archaeological sculpture from Cambodia.
Importation of items such as those above is permitted only when the items are
accompanied by an export permit issued by the country of origin (where such items were
first found), or if you came into possession of them before the treaties were signed.
Purveyors of such items have been known to offer phony export certificates. As
additional U.S. import restrictions may be imposed in response to requests from other
countries, it is wise for the prospective purchaser to visit the State Department’s cultural
property website: http://e.usia.gov/edu/education/culprop/. This website also has images
representative of the categories of cultural property for which there are specific U.S.
import restrictions.
Dog and Cat Fur, Items Made From
Under the “Dog And Cat Enforcement Act Of 2000” it is illegal to import products
containing dog or cat fur. These products include clothes, accessories, figurines, and
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novelty items – made from parts or full pelts of cats and dogs. These items will be seized
and violators can be penalized up to $10,000 for each item containing cat or dog fur.
Firearms and Ammunition
Firearms and ammunition are subject to restrictions and import permits. The importation
of fully automatic weapons, semi-automatic assault-type weapons, and nonsporting
firearms and ammunition is prohibited. Generally, firearms and ammunition acquired
abroad may be imported, but only under permit. For complete information, write to the
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Department of the Treasury, Firearms and
Explosives Imports Branch, Washington, DC 20226. That agency will furnish permit
applications and answer inquiries about the Gun Control Act of 1968, and import
provisions of the Arms Export Control Act of 1976.
Firearms and ammunition previously taken out of and returned to the United States by the
same person may be released upon presentation to U.S. Customs of adequate proof of
prior possession, i.e., bill of sale, household goods inventory showing serial number, or
Customs registration forms 4455 or 4457.
Food and Dairy Products
Bakery items and all cured cheeses are admissible. The USDA Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS) leaflet, Travelers' Tips, provides detailed information on
bringing food, plant, and animal products into the United States. Imported foods are also
subject to requirements of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Foods not approved
by the FDA may not be entered into the United States.
Fruits, Plants, Vegetables
Fruits, plants, vegetables, cuttings, seeds, unprocessed plant products and certain
endangered species of plants are either prohibited from entering the country or require an
import permit. Canned or processed items are admissible.
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Gold
Gold coins, medals, and bullion, formerly prohibited, may be brought into the United
States. However, copies of gold coins are prohibited if not properly marked. The
importation of counterfeit coins is prohibited.
Meats, Livestock, Poultry
Meats, livestock, poultry, and their by-products, such as pate’ and sausage are either
prohibited or restricted from entering the United States, depending upon the animal
disease conditions in the country of origin. This includes fresh, frozen, dried, cured,
cooked or canned items. Commercially labeled, cooked, canned meats, that do not require
refrigeration and are hermetically sealed, may be brought into the United States.
Medicine/Narcotics
Narcotics and dangerous drugs are generally prohibited entry and there are severe
penalties if imported. Certain exceptions to this for U.S. residents may be found at 21
USC 956(a). A traveler requiring prescription medications (e.g., cough medicines,
tranquilizers, sleeping pills, depressants, stimulants, etc.) should:

Have all drugs, medicinals, and similar products properly identified in their original
container in which they were dispensed to the individual.

Carry only the quantity that an individual having some sort of health problem might
normally carry.

Have either a prescription or written statement from his personal physician that the
medicinals are being used under a doctor's direction and are necessary for the
traveler's physical well being while traveling.
Drugs not approved by the Food and Drug Administration may not be imported into the
United States.
Money
There is no limitation in terms of total amount of monetary instruments that may be
brought into or taken out of the United States. Monetary instruments include U.S. or
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foreign coins, currency, traveler's checks, money orders, and negotiable instruments or
investment securities in bearer form. If you do transport, or cause to be transported, by
mail or other means, more than $10,000 in monetary instruments on any occasion into or
out of the United States, or if you receive more than that amount, you must file a report
(Customs Form 4790) with U.S. Customs (Currency & Foreign Transactions Reporting
Act, 31 U.S.C. 1101, et seq.). Failure to report the transportation of the reportable
monetary instruments may result in seizure of the unreported instruments as well as
imposition of civil and criminal penalties.
Pets
There are controls, restrictions, and prohibitions on the entry of animals, birds, turtles,
wildlife, and endangered species. Cats and dogs must be free of evidence of diseases
communicable to man. Vaccination against rabies is not required for cats, or for dogs
arriving from rabies-free countries. Personally owned pet birds may be entered (limit of
two if of the Psittacine family), but Animal & Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS)
and Public Health Service requirements must be met, including quarantine at any APHIS
facility at specified locations, at the owner's expense. Advance reservations are required.
Primates, such as monkeys, apes, and similar animals, may not be imported. If you plan
to take your pet abroad or import one on your return, obtain a copy of our brochure, Pets
and Wildlife.
Trademarked Articles
U.S. Customs enforces laws relating to the protection of trademarks and copyrights.
Articles that infringe a trademark or copyright, which is use of the protected right without
authorization of the trademark or copyright owner, are subject to detention and seizure.
Additionally, the importation of articles bearing counterfeit marks may subject an
individual to a civil monetary penalty. Articles bearing marks that are confusingly
similar to a registered trademark and gray market articles (genuine articles not intended
for importation into the Unites States,) may be subject to detention and seizure.
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Passengers arriving into the United States are permitted to import one article, which must
accompany the person, bearing a counterfeit, confusingly similar, or restricted gray
market trademark, provided that the article is for personal use and not for sale. The
arriving passenger may retain one article of each of the above types, accompanying the
person. If the article imported under the personal exemption provision is sold within one
year after the date of importation, the article or its value is subject to forfeiture.
With regard to copyright infringement, articles that are determined to be clearly piratical
of a registered copyright are subject to seizure. Articles that are determined to be
possibly piratical may be subject to detention and possible seizure.
The types of articles usually of interest to travelers are:

Lenses, cameras, binoculars, optical goods.

Tape recorders, CD players, musical instruments.

Jewelry, precious metalware.

Perfumes.

Watches and clocks.

Clothing.
Wildlife, Fish, Plants
Wildlife, fish, and plants are subject to certain import and export restrictions,
prohibitions, permits or certificates, and quarantine requirements. This includes:

Wild birds, mammals (including marine mammals,) reptiles, crustaceans, fish, and
mollusks.

Any part or product, such as skins, feathers, eggs.

Products and articles manufactured from wildlife and fish.
Endangered species of wildlife and plants, including products made from them, may be
prohibited from being imported or exported, as appropriate. If you are considering
25
purchasing articles made from wildlife, such as tortoise shell jewelry, leather goods,
articles made from whalebone, ivory, skins, or fur, contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240, for additional information.
Returning Residents
Duty Exemptions for Household and Personal Effects
You may import furniture, dishes, linens, libraries, artwork and similar household
furnishings for your personal use free of duty. To be eligible for duty-free exemption, the
articles must have either been available for your use or used in a household where you
were a resident for one year. The year of use does not need to be continuous, nor does it
need to be the year immediately before the date of importation. Personal and household
effects entitled to duty-free entry need not accompany you to the United States; you may
have them shipped to your U.S. address at a later time if you choose. Your shipment of
personal and/or household goods must be cleared through Customs at its first port of
arrival, unless you have made arrangements with a foreign freight forwarder to have your
effects sent in Customs custody in-bond from the port of arrival to a more convenient
port of entry for clearance. (Ask your moving company if they offer this service.)
Customs will not notify you that your goods have arrived. It is essential that the carrier
notify you that your goods have arrived in port – otherwise after 15 days, they will be
taken to a general order warehouse and may be sold at auction after six months. If
merchandise is placed in a general order warehouse, storage charges will accrue and
payment of those charges is the responsibility of the party importing the household
goods. When you come to Customs to enter your goods, you must complete Customs
Form 3299, “Declaration for Free Entry of Unaccompanied Articles,” to give to the
Customs officer. If you cannot come to the Customs office yourself, you may designate a
friend or relative to represent you in Customs matters. You must give that person a letter
addressed to “Officer in Charge of Customs” authorizing that individual to represent you
as your agent on a one-time basis to clear your shipment through Customs.
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Professional Equipment/Tools of Trade
If your professional equipment or tools of trade were acquired abroad they are not
entitled to duty-free consideration unless they were in your possession for one year prior
to your return to the United States. If they were in your possession when you moved
abroad, and are being brought back in connection with your return to the U.S. they are
exempt from duty.
Liquor, Tobacco
You may bring in one liter of alcoholic beverages, free of duty and internal revenue tax,
if you are at least 21 years of age, it is for your own use or for a gift, and it is not in
violation of the laws of the state in which you arrive. Alcoholic beverages beyond the
one-liter limitation are subject to duty and Internal Revenue tax.
Up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes (one carton) may be included in your exemption.
Tobacco products of Cuban origin are prohibited unless acquired in Cuba by persons
authorized by the State Department to travel to Cuba.
Firearms and ammunition
Firearms and ammunition previously taken out of, and returned to, the United States by
the same person may be released upon presentation to U.S. Customs of adequate proof of
prior possession, i.e., bill of sale, household goods inventory showing serial number,
Customs Forms 4455 or 4457.
Gifts
Bona fide gifts may be mailed to friends and relatives in the U.S. free of duty and tax as
long as the same person does not receive more than $100 (or $200 if from American
Samoa, U.S. Virgin Islands, or Guam) in gift shipments per day. If you are bringing gifts
with you, the exemption is $800 in merchandise acquired abroad; $600 from Caribbean
Basin Economic Recovery Act countries; or $1200 from American Samoa, U.S. Virgin
Islands, or Guam. The exemption includes both gifts and other items for personal use.
Gifts must be included in the declaration of the donor when he returns to the United
27
States. Gifts are not considered as part of household and personal effects. Alcoholic
beverages, cigars, and cigarettes are not included in this exemption from duty.
Gifts that exceed the $100 or $200 retail value will be subject to customs duty based on
the entire value of the gift or gifts. There is no exemption.
Government/Military Personnel
Difference between Government/Military Personnel and Returning Residents
A special provision allows U.S. Government personnel (military and civilian) to enter
their personal and household effects without payment of duty and tax when returning
from an extended duty assignment overseas, even if those effects have not been in the
household for at least a year before importation into the U.S. – as is required for returning
residents.
Duty Exemptions for Household and Personal Effects
The classifications, rates of duty, and exemptions from duty, are governed by the
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS). Under item 9805.00.50 of
the Tariff Schedules, the personal and household effects of any person (military or
civilian) employed by the U.S. Government, and returning members of his family who
have resided with him at his post or station, may be entered free of duty unless items are
restricted, prohibited, or limited – as in the case of liquor and tobacco.
The following groups of people are not entitled to this exemption:

Employees of private business and commercial organizations working under contract
for the U.S. Government.

Persons under research fellowships granted by the United States Government.

Peace Corps Volunteers, employees of UNICEF or the Red Cross.
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
Persons going abroad under the Fulbright-Hays Act of 1961, or under the Mutual
Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961.
Items sent by mail are eligible for duty-free entry if the articles were in the returnee's
possession before leaving the duty station. A copy of the Government orders terminating
the assignment must accompany the articles in a sealed envelope securely attached to the
outer wrapper of the parcel. The parcel should also be marked clearly on the outside
"Returned Personal Effects-Orders Enclosed."
Traveling by Military Transport
Articles that accompany you upon your return to the United States on PCS orders should
be declared on Customs Form (CF) 6059B, "Customs Declaration," if you travel on a
commercial carrier. If you travel on a carrier owned or operated by the U.S. Government,
including charter aircraft, you will complete either Department of Defense Form (DD)
1854, "Customs Accompanied Baggage Declaration," or CF 6059B, “Customs
Declaration.” Be prepared to show Customs a copy of your travel orders.
Unaccompanied Baggage
If you are a Department of Defense (DoD) civilian or military member returning to the
U.S. from extended duty overseas, you should complete DD Form 1252, "U.S. Customs
Declaration for Personal Property Shipments," to facilitate the entry of your
unaccompanied baggage and/or household goods into the United States. A copy of your
PCS orders, terminating your assignment to extended duty abroad, should accompany
DD Form 1252. This form is also used by a DoD sponsored or directed individual or
employee of a nonappropriated fund agency that is an integral part of the military
services. All other Government employees should complete CF 3299, "Declaration for
Free Entry of Unaccompanied Articles," and attach a copy to their orders. The
documents are presented to Customs for clearance and are retained with the manifest.
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By completing these declarations you certify that the shipment consists of personal and
household effects that were in your personal possession while abroad, and that the articles
are not imported for another person or intended for sale.
Employees completing CF 3299 must list restricted articles (e.g., trademarked items,
firearms), and goods not subject to their exemption (e.g., excess liquor, articles carried
for other persons) on the declaration and show the actual prices paid. All shipments of
unaccompanied baggage will be cleared by Customs upon arrival in the United States.
Automobiles
A conforming foreign-made automobile may be included as part of your personal effects.
However, an automobile purchased abroad and sent home before your Government
orders are issued, or a car purchased and not in your possession before you leave (merely
ordered but not delivered to you), will not be entitled to free entry as a personal or
household effect under 9805.00.50. The vehicle would be subject to customs duty at the
following rates:

Autos......................................2.5%

Trucks....................................25%

Motorcycles, mopeds
up to 700 cc..……………Free
700 to 970 cc.……………2.4%
over 970 cc……………...Free

Trailers………………………Free
Duty rates are based on the market value of the vehicle and those rates are subject to
change on an annual basis.
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Liquor, Tobacco
In addition to the limitations stated on page __, active duty U.S. Government and military
personnel who are returning with liquor are exempt from the age requirement. However,
family members of the Government or military employee must be 21 years old or older to
bring back liquor or tobacco products.
Firearms and Ammunition
Military members returning from active duty outside the United States are no longer
entitled to import, without an import permit, up to three rifles or shotguns and 1,000
rounds of ammunition. However, they may follow the normal procedures in acquiring the
appropriate firearm import permit from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms
(see page __). The guns need to be declared and the permit shown to U.S. Customs.
Surplus military firearms of any description are prohibited entry. The government will
not ship, or pay for the shipping of ammunition. The employee will have to arrange and
pay for shipping.
The Department of Defense and the U.S. Postal Service prohibit acceptance by military
post offices of war trophy firearms, ammunition, and handguns for shipment through an
APO or FPO of the military postal system.
Nonresidents/First-Time Immigrants
Difference between Nonresidents/First-Time Immigrants and Returning Residents
Requirements for the importation of alcohol, tobacco, automobiles and gifts by
nonresidents/first-time immigrants are different than those for returning residents. Please
see the following sections for specific details.
Duty Exemptions for Household and Personnel Effects
You may import furniture, dishes, linens, libraries, artwork and similar household
furnishings for your personal use free of duty. To be eligible for duty-free exemption, the
articles must have either been available for your use or used in a household where you
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were a resident for one year. The year of use does not need to be continuous, nor does it
need to be the year immediately before the date of importation. Personal and household
effects entitled to duty-free entry need not accompany you to the United States; you may
have them shipped to your U.S. address at a later time if you choose. Your shipment of
personal and/or household goods must be cleared through Customs at its first port of
arrival, unless you have made arrangements with a foreign freight forwarder to have your
effects sent in Customs custody in-bond from the port of arrival to a more convenient
port of entry for clearance. (Ask your moving company if they offer this service.)
Household effects from the country where these effects were used, and meeting the above
criteria, may be entered into the United States duty-free within 10 years after your initial
arrival in the United States as a legal resident.
Personal effects may be shipped or mailed to you at a later date. The package should be
marked “Used Personal Effects” and must have been in your possession prior to your
entry into the United States. Anything included in the package that is new may be
dutiable.
Professional Equipment
A person emigrating to the United States may enter professional books, implements,
instruments and tools of trade, occupation or employment free of duty if the articles were
owned and used abroad. These items do not need to have been in your possession for one
year prior to importation, but they must be imported for your use and not for sale.
Theatrical scenery, properties, or apparel and articles for use in any manufacturing
establishment are not eligible for this exemption.
Automobiles
Nonresidents/First-time immigrants may temporarily import a vehicle duty-free for
personal use if the vehicle is imported in connection with the owner’s arrival. Vehicles
do not need to accompany the owner, but should arrive in the U.S. at approximately the
same time, at least within a few weeks. If a delay of more than a few weeks should occur
32
the importer must prove that the delay was justified. Vehicles are defined as an
automobile, trailer, airplane, motorcycle, boat or similar vehicle. Vehicles that don’t
conform to U.S. safety and emission standards must be exported within one year and may
not be sold in the United States. There is no exemption or extension of the export
requirement. Conforming vehicles imported under the duty-free exemption are dutiable
if sold within one year of importation. Duty must be paid at the most conveniently
located Customs office before the sale is completed. Conforming vehicles so imported
may remain in the U.S. indefinitely once a formal entry is made for EPA purposes.
Foreign-made vehicles not in your possession before you leave your foreign residence,
and imported into the U.S., whether new or used, (i.e., ordered for direct delivery to your
U.S. residence, either for personal use or for sale) are generally dutiable at the following
rates:

Autos......................................2.5%

Trucks....................................25%

Motorcycles, mopeds
up to 700 cc..……………Free
700 to 970 cc.……………2.4%
over 970 cc……………...Free

Trailers………………………Free
Duty rates are based on the market value of the vehicle and those rates are subject to
change on an annual basis.
33
Liquor, Tobacco
Nonresidents who are at least 21 years old may bring in, free of duty and internal revenue
tax, up to one liter of alcoholic beverage – beer, wine, liquor – for personal use.
Quantities above the one-liter limitation are subject to duty and internal revenue tax.
You may also include in your personal exemption not more than 200 cigarettes (one
carton) or 50 cigars or two kilograms (4.4 lbs.) of smoking tobacco, or proportional
amounts of each. Cigars of Cuban origin are prohibited.
Firearms and Ammunition
Firearms and ammunition are subject to restrictions and import permits. The importation
of fully automatic weapons and semi-automatic assault-type weapon is prohibited.
Generally, firearms and ammunition acquired abroad may be imported, but only under
permit. For complete information, write to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and
Firearms, Department of the Treasury, Firearms and Explosives Import Branch,
Washington, DC 20226. That agency will furnish permit applications and answer
inquiries about the Gun Control Act of 1968.
Gifts
Nonresidents are allowed up to $100 (or $200 if from American Samoa, U.S. Virgin
Islands, or Guam) worth of merchandise, free of duty and internal revenue tax, as gifts for
other people. These gifts must be included in your declaration and must accompany you.
Gifts are not considered as part of household and personal effects.
Nonresidents can include cigars in their $100 gift exemption, but may not include
cigarettes or alcohol. Gifts originating from countries currently under sanctions with the
U.S. (See Prohibited and Restricted Importation’s section on page __) may not be eligible
for the $100 gift exemption (Example: Iraq). To ensure that gifts are eligible for the $100
exemption, questions should be referred to the Office of Foreign Assets Control at
202/622-2480.
34
Part-Time Residents
Part-time residents are usually students attending school in one country and spending the
rest of the year in another, “snowbirds” (seasonal residents), or residents who maintain a
household in a foreign country as well as one in the United States. If you are a part-time
resident, any goods you wish to import into your U.S. residence must have been in your
foreign residence for at least one year prior to their importation into the U.S. to qualify
for duty-free importation. Since part-time residents are either returning residents or
nonresidents, please see the requirements for returning residents starting on page __ and
for nonresidents starting on page __.
Report Drug Smuggling to the U.S. Customs Service
1 (800) BE ALERT
Customs Publication No. 0000-0518
Revised December 2001
35