Rabbi Zalman Melamed: Parshat Shlach
Parshat Shavua
The Shiur was given in Sivan 5759
Parshat Shlach
Another Look at the Sin of the Spies
Rabbi Zalman Melamed
Summarized by students
Dedicated to the memory of
R. Avraham ben-tziyon ben shabtai
Not "If" - But "How!"
The Spies' Mistaken Mindset
Not "If" - But "How!"
We, living today in Eretz Yisrael, find ourselves in a period of crisis and struggle.
Some have even noted that the present situation - in which our rights to the Land of
Israel are being challenged - bears a striking resemblance to the time of the
meraglim (spies). It does not take much insight to say that today, God is providing us
with a test to enable us to rectify that fateful error. It therefore behooves us to
contemplate the deeper meaning and ramifications of the sin of the spies in Parshat
Shlach.
Perhaps the spies' greatest error lay in their incorrect interpretation of their mission;
the leaders of the tribes believed that they had been sent to check to see if it was
indeed possible to conquer the Land - to strategically analyze the facts on the
ground. In short, they saw their mission as one of determining whether conquering
the Land was or was not possible.
Practically speaking, however, they had no obligation at all to analyze the "if" of the
impending war for the land, but rather the “how?” - since it was clear from the outset
that the Children of Israel would conquer the land. The Holy One, Blessed Be He was
willing to enter into a partnership with the Jews in the conquest of the land; He thus
agreed to send spies, whose job it would be to bring back information on the land’s
inhabitants and on the most straightforward manner in which to conduct the war.
In our day as well, we must understand that the question should not even arise as to
whether or not we have an obligation to retain control of the Land of Israel.
Obviously, we must cleave to the Land with all of our might since we were
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Parshat Shavua
commanded to do so by the Torah. In fact, it is a serious violation of halacha (Jewish
Law) to transfer portions of the Land to foreign nations. Therefore, the one and only
question that remains to be discussed is: “How can we maintain our hold on Eretz
Yisrael"?
When the original individuals and families of Bet El first arrived here, everybody had
a litany of questions. How could we in fact settle in this area? What would we do with
our children? There were no nurseries or kindergartens or day schools at the time!
What about public transportation? The longer the deliberations wore on, the more
questions and issues we raised. Not many answers were forthcoming.
At one point during the discussions, we stopped and, once and for all, settled a
crucial, fundamental matter: We decided that the question: “Are we going to settle in
Bet El?”- was not up for discussion at all. Rather, the central concern became “How
are we going to go about settling here?” In the end, the previous “insurmountable”
difficulties were solved, and Bet El came to be.
This also held true for the establishment of our radio station, Arutz Sheva. Then, too,
there were numerous questions left unanswered - where do we buy transmitters?
How many do we need? How do we affix them? How much will this cost? Where do
we buy a ship ?How do we go about hiring a crew for the ship? There were also
questions as to what kind of programming would be broadcast, etc.
You must keep in mind that of the people that initiated the radio station, not one of us
had ever taken courses in broadcasting or communications. We had absolutely no
idea how to appeal to the population at large. Even then, because of the multitude of
questions that arose, a general feeling - that it was not worthwhile to even start the
project - set in. At that point, we halted the sundry deliberations, and decided that the
founding of the station was an absolute necessity, that it would benefit the Jewish
people, its land, and its Torah. The question was no longer “if” we were going to go
ahead with the project, but how. This must always be the approach of someone
serving God. He must not debate whether to act, but rather how to go about acting
on his beliefs.
The Spies' Mistaken Mindset
The holy Zohar explains that the sin of the spies stemmed from the fact that in the
desert they were national leaders; they understood, however, that when the Jews
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Parshat Shavua
entered the land, they themselves would not longer hold leadership positions, since
these same people were not appropriate to be take on such positions in the
framework of a national life in the new land. Thus, the spies preferred to remain in
the desert.
Others explain that the spies wished to stay on the level of those who lived in the
desert, the consumers of manna, regarding whom the Sages said: “The learning of
Torah was set aside only for those who consume manna.” Free from the need to
worry about their physical needs, they were able to engage in spiritual pursuits. The
Holy One, Blessed be He, saw to it that they had food as well as clean and even
fresh clothes... In the desert, the Children of Israel were like eternal “Kollel students”,
relieved of the concerns associated with making a living, free to pursue Torah and
mitzvot. The spies thought that such would not be the case in the Land of Israel; the
sensed that life in Israel would not see manna falling from Heaven - and that they
would have to work in the fields to make a living. Therefore, they reasoned, they
would not be able to devote themselves to spiritual pursuits. What would become of
Torah?
According to this explanation, the spies' error lay in a lack of understanding that
Torah must be brought down to the physical world as well; they did not grasp that the
“this -worldly” activities in Israel are in fact much holier than the kedusha (holiness)
attained in the desert. The Chesed L’Avraham explains that in the desert, Divine
holiness could not take hold in physical reality. As such, the Jews were in need of
manna, a Divine food that permitted kedusha to penetrate the human body. In Eretz
Yisrael, however, there was no need for manna, since the Divine holiness connects
to, and is ingested by, the Jew who consumes the fruits of the land.
Others explain the issue in the opposite fashion: that, in the desert, the Jews lived in
a state of constant existential tension. Their eyes were constantly turned heavenward
to receive the Divine gift of manna. The manna was, in the words of the Sages, the
means by which individual Jews were singled out as being deserving of Divine
reward or punishment. Those whose behavior merited it, received the manna, and
those who did not - did not. The life of the desert was one of open miracles and of
clear Divine providence.
The meraglim had chosen to abandon all of this; they wished to start a “natural” type
of existence in the Land of Israel, divorced from the system of the desert and from
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the absolute dependency on the Holy One, Blessed be He. They therefore tried to
analyze whether it would be possible to conquer the Land in a natural manner,
without the aid of miracles at all. They arrived at the conclusion - correct in and of
itself - that it would not be possible to conquer the Land without Divine aid, without
miracles. This realization dealt a crushing blow to their hopes and dreams.
It seems that the both of the above explanations are valid, that there were two types
of Jews in the desert: Tzaddikim who sought to stay on the level of life in the desert,
who wished to avoid confronting “natural” reality. However, it also seems there were
others deeply interested in immersing themselves in the material world, in attempting
to "escape" their overt dependency on God.
Our sages teach another - perhaps more important - perspective of the sin of the
spies: "All of the good that I advised them to pursue, they ruined, as it says, 'you
rejected all of My advice'.
God said to them: "You angered Me with the Good that I provided you." (Bamidbar
Rabba) He arranged the visit of the spies in a way that many of the Land’s
inhabitants died while the spies were touring the land. Why? So that the inhabitants
of the land - pre-occupied with their mourning and burial - would not notice the spies.
God should have been praised and thanked for His help in this regard; and yet, the
meraglim saw in it only the negative: “It’s a land that consumes its inhabitants!” they
screamed. The spies saw giants, large fruits, fortified cities, etc. They could have
chosen to see in these phenomenon the utter praiseworthiness of the Land of Israel,
a land whose air produces wisdom, a land that grows large, healthy people and juicy
fruits. Instead ,they chose to be terrified.
When one views the world from a perspective of “Emunah” - or faith, then he can
view most phenomenon and events in a positive, not negative, light. If we know that
God is good to all, and wishes to give us the Land, then it is clear that the Land is
good, - a Holy Land whose kedusha we as Jews are bidden to discover and reveal...
E-mail : beitel@yeshiva.org.il
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