Theories of Motivation
Content Theories (older theories):
Herzberg’s 2 factor Theory
Hygiene Factors- Salary, benefits, job security,
supervisor/peer relationships
Motivation Factors- Recognition, Power,
Achievement, Advancement
Maslow’s Hierarchy- see previous notes
Clayton Adler’s EGR Theory- motivation is based
on having three needs met
E- existence needs
G- growth needs
R- relatedness needs
Process Theories (newer theories):
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory- motivation is based
on three things:
Valence- Is it possible for me to achieve the
work?
Instrumentality- Does this work lead to a
reward?
Expectancy- Is the reward something I value?
Equity Theory- I’m happy until I detect some
inequity- i.e. someone earning more $.
Goal Setting Theory- People are motivated by
setting goals and achieving them- based on the
intrinsic satisfaction of achievement.
THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT (D. McGregor):
Theory X:
-People inherently dislike work
-Employees must be coerced into working and
achieving desired results
-Managers must be authoritative and autocratic
Theory Y:
-People inherently like work and want to do their
best
-Managers job is to encourage and facilitate
employees to perform at the optimum level