Resistance Publications from June 2008 to July 2008 Journals Title 1) Genetic basis of variation in tenofovir drug susceptibility in HIV-1 2) Outcomes of multidrug-resistant patients switched from enfuvirtide to raltegravir within a virologically suppressive regimen. (Research Letters) 3) Expected response to protease inhibitors of HIV-1 non-B subtype viruses according to resistance algorithms. (Research Letters) 4) Discrepancies in Assignment of Subtype/Recombinant Forms by Genotyping Programs for HIV Type 1 Drug Resistance Testing May Falsely Predict Superinfection. 5) Genetic Diversity of Integrase (IN) Sequences in Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive and TreatmentExperienced HIV Type 2 Patients. 6) Phylogenetic Diversity and Low Level Antiretroviral Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 Treatment-Naive Patients from Cape Town, South Africa. 7) Profile of Primary Resistance in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Infected Treatment-Naive Individuals from Western India. 8) Profiling Resistance-Related Mutations in the Protease Region of the pol Gene: Single Genome Sequencing of HIV in Plasma and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. 9) Virologic and Immunologic Response to Antiretroviral Therapy and Predictors of HIV Type 1 Drug Resistance in Children Receiving Treatment in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. 10) Molecular Epidemiology of HIV Type 1 in Newly Diagnosed Patients in Southern Spain Lead author Link Murray, Robert J AIDS - June 19, 2008, Volume 22, Issue 10 Harris, Marianne AIDS - June 19, 2008, Volume 22, Issue 10 Champenois, Karen AIDS - May 31,2008, Volume 22, Issue 9 Ntemgwa M AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses (EPub ahead of print) Xu L AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses (EPub ahead of print) Jacobs GB AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses (EPub ahead of print) Lall M AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses (EPub ahead of print) Guimaraes AP AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses (EPub ahead of print) Adje-Toure C AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses (EPub ahead of print) Michael J. McConnell AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1 June 2008, Volume 24 Issue 6 11) Antiretroviral Resistance among HIV Type 1-Infected Women First Exposed to Antiretrovirals during Pregnancy: Plasma versus PBMCs 12) Full-Length HIV Type 1 Proviral Sequencing of 10 Highly Exposed Women from Nairobi, Kenya Reveals a High Proportion of Intersubtype Recombinants 13) HIV Type 2 Protease, Reverse Transcriptase, and Envelope Viral Variation in the PBMC and Genital Tract of ARV-Naive Women in Senegal 14) Plasma HIV RNA Decline and Emergence of Drug Resistance Mutations among Patients with Multiple Virologic Failures Receiving Resistance TestingGuided HAART 15) Study of the Genotypic Resistant Pattern in HIV-Infected Women and Children from Rural West Cameroon 16) Transmitted Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Surveillance among Newly HIV Type 1-Diagnosed Women Attending an Antenatal Clinic in Entebbe, Uganda 17) Prevalence of reverse transcriptase and protease mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance among drug-naïve HIV-1 infected pregnant women in Kagera and Kilimanjaro regions, Tanzania. 18) Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase Confer Resistance to the Naphthyridine L-870,810 and Cross-Resistance to the Clinical Trial Drug GS-9137 19) Modelled in vivo HIV fitness under drug selective pressure and estimated genetic barrier towards resistance are predictive for virological response 20) HIV-1-resistant strains during 8week on 8-week off intermittent therapy and their effect on CD4+ T-cell counts and antiviral response Luis E. SotoRamirez AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1 June 2008, Volume 24, Issue 6 Allison M. Land AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1 June 2008, Volume 24, Issue 6 Geoffrey S. Gottlieb AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1 June 2008, Volume 24, Issue 6 Valerio Tozzi AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1 June 2008, Volume 24, Issue 6 Ombretta Turriziani AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1 June 2008, Volume 24, Issue 6 N. Ndembi AIDS Research and Human RetroViruses, 1 June 2008, Volume 24, Issue 6 Nyombi BM AIDS Research and Therapy, June 2008, Volume 21, Issue 5 Anneleen Hombrouck Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, June 2008, Volume 52, Issue 6 Koen Deforche Antiviral Therapy, 2008, Volume 13, Issue 3 Jacques Izopet Antiviral Therapy, 2008, Volume 13, Issue 4 21) Prevalence and risk factors for etravirine resistance among patients failing on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors Giuseppe Lapadula Antiviral Therapy, 2008, Volume 13, Issue 4 Carmen de Mendoza Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1 June 2008, Volume 46, Issue 11 Martin S. Hirsch Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15 July 2008, Volume 47, Issue 2 Cane P HIV Medicine (EPub ahead of print) Street EJ International Journal of STD and AIDS, June 2008, Volume 19, Issue 6 Zimmer, JM JAIDS, 1 July 2008, Volume 48, Issue 3 Bannister, Wendy P JAIDS, 1 July 2008, Volume 48, Issue 3 Winters, Bart JAIDS, 1 May 2008, Volume 48, Issue 1 Assoumou L Journal of Infectious Diseases (EPub ahead of print) Viviane D. Lima Journal of Infectious Diseases, July 2008, Volume 198, Issue 1 Anne Margrethe Audelin Journal of Medical Virology, August 2008, Volume 80, Issue 8 32) Unexpected dramatic increase in CD4+ cell count in a patient with AIDS after enfuvirtide treatment despite persistent viremia and resistance mutations Alessandro Soria Journal of Medical Virology, June 2008, Volume 80, Issue 6 33) Zidovudine with nevirapine for the prevention of HIV mother-to-child transmission reduces nevirapine resistance in mothers from the G.U. van Zyl Journal of Medical Virology, June 2008, Volume 80, Issue 6 22) Changing Patterns in HIV Reverse Transcriptase Resistance Mutations after Availability of Tenofovir 23) Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Testing in Adult HIV-1 Infection: 2008 Recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA Panel 24) Genotypic antiretroviral drug resistance testing at low viral loads in the UK. 25) An audit of baseline HIV-1 genotypic resistance testing in a UK provincial city. 26) Impact on Replicative Fitness of the G48E Substitution in the Protease of HIV-1: An In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation. 27) Transmitted Drug Resistant HIV-1 and Association With Virologic and CD4 Cell Count Response to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in the EuroSIDA Study. 28) Determination of Clinically Relevant Cutoffs for HIV-1 Phenotypic Resistance Estimates Through a Combined Analysis of Clinical Trial and Cohort Data. 29) Initiatives for Developing and Comparing Genotype Interpretation Systems: External Validation of Existing Systems for Didanosine against Virological Response. 30) Increased Resilience to the Development of Drug Resistance with Modern Boosted Protease Inhibitor-Based Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy 31) Follow-up of a multi-drug resistant HIV-1 infected patient successfully treated with darunavir and etravirine Western Cape, South Africa 34) Effect of Flap Mutations on Structure of HIV-1 Protease and Inhibition by Saquinavir and Darunavir. 35) Analysis of Natural Sequence Variation and Covariation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Integrase 36) Comparison of G-to-A Mutation Frequencies Induced by APOBEC3 Proteins in H9 Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in the Context of Impaired Processivities of DrugResistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Variants 37) Selection of T1249-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants 38) Structural Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CRF01_AE Protease in Complex with the Substrate p1-p6 39) An Alteration of Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp41 Leads to Reduced CCR5 Dependence and CD4 Independence 40) Persistence of Transmitted Drug Resistance among Subjects with Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 41) Ninety-Nine Is Not Enough: Molecular Characterization of Inhibitor-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Mutants with Insertions in the Flap Region 42) Highly diversified multiply drugresistant HIV-1 quasispecies in PBMCs: a case report 43) Impact of HIV-1 protease mutations A71V/T and T74S on M89I/V-mediated protease inhibitor resistance in subtype G isolates 44) Clinically validated mutation scores for HIV-1 resistance to fosamprenavir/ritonavir 45) HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping from dried blood spots stored for 1 year at 4°C 46) Long-term (4 years) efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy for maintenance of HIV suppression. Liu F Journal of Molecular Biology (EPub ahead of print) Myers RE, Pillay D Journal of Virology (EPub ahead of print) Stefanie Andrea Knoepfel Journal of Virology, July 2008, Volume 82, Issue 13 Dirk Eggink Journal of Virology, July 2008, Volume 82, Issue 13 Rajintha M. Bandaranayake Journal of Virology, July 2008, Volume 82, Issue 13 Brian M. Taylor Journal of Virology, June 2008, Volume 82, Issue 11 Susan J Little Journal of Virology, June 2008, Volume 82, Issue 11 Milan Koiek Journal of Virology, June 2008, Volume 82, Issue 12 Yudong Quan Retrovirology, 30 May 2008, Volume 5, Issue 43 Luis M. F. Gonzalez The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Jule 2008, Volume 61, Issue 6 B. Masquelier Ae S. Youngpairoj Federico Pulido The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, June 2008, Volume 61, Issue 6 The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, June 2008, Volume 61, Issue 6 The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, June 2008, Volume 61, Issue 6 47) The involvement of HIV-1 RNAse H in resistance to nucleoside analogues 48) Restoration of the antiviral activity of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) against AZT-resistant human immunodeficiency virus by delivery of engineered thymidylate kinase to T cells 49) Recombination increases human immunodeficiency virus fitness, but not necessarily diversity Bénédicte Roquebert The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, May 2008, Volume 61, Issue 5 Arnon Lavie The Journal of General Virology, July 2008, Volume 89, Issue 7 N. N. V. Vijay The Journal of General Virology, June 2008, Volume 89, Issue 6 Conference Abstracts Title 1) Abstracts from the 6th European HIV Resistance Workshop Lead author Link Various 26-28 March 2008, Budapest, Hungary Various Sitges, Spain 10-14 June 2008 M Nalam CROI February 2008, Boston 4) Connection Domain Mutations N348I and A360V in HIV-1 RT Selectively Facilitate Excision of AZT by Improving Access to Transiently Formed RNA/DNA Hybrids G Beilhartz CROI February 2008, Boston 5) Emergence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Breastfeeding Infants Born to HIV-infected Mothers Taking Antiretrovirals for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: The Kisumu Breastfeeding Study, Kenya Clement Zeh CROI February 2008, Boston 6) Mechanism by which N348I in HIV1 Reverse Transcriptase Confers Dual Zidovudine/Nevirapine Resistance Soo-Huey Yap CROI February 2008, Boston 7) Molecular Mechanisms for 3’Azido-3’-Dideoxythymidineresistance Conferred by Mutations in the Connection and RNase H Domains of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Jessica Brehm CROI February 2008, Boston 8) Presence of Minor Populations of Y181C Mutants Detected by Allelespecific PCRand Risk of Efavirenz Failure in Treatment-naïve Patients: Results of an ACTG 5095 Case-cohort Study Roger Paredes CROI February 2008, Boston 9) The TEmAA ANRS 12109 Phase II Trial, Step 1: Tolerance and Viral Resistance after Single-dose Nevirapine and Short-course of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine to Prevent Mother-toChild Transmission of HIV-1 Elise Arrive CROI February 2008, Boston 2) Abstracts presented at XVII International Drug Resistance Workshop 3) Circumventing Drug Resistance: Using the Substrate Envelope Hypothesis to Develop Robust Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors 10) Timing of Infection Is Critical for Nevirapine Resistance Outcomes among Breastfed Subtype C HIV1-infected Infants Exposed to Extended vs Single-dose Nevirapine Prophylaxis: The India SWEN Study Anitha Moorthy CROI February 2008, Boston