Ocean Issues
Name:_______________________
The 2 islands _________ and ___________ off Newfoundland's coast belongs to _________
In 1977, Canada claimed a ___ nautical mile territorial sea and a ___ nautical mile exclusive
economic zone.
The boundary dispute between USA and Canada over Georges Bank was resolved by the:
___________________________________ seated at _______________________________
The boundary is commonly referred to as the ____________ line.
The large petroleum deposit on Newfoundland's continental shelf is called. ______________
The large natural gas deposit near Sable Island is called the _________________ Gas Field
What is petroleum and how does it form?
Why does Canada not fully control all fishing activity on the Grand Banks?
Marine Impacts ppt
Ocean Issues: Fisheries, Dead Zones, Coral Reefs
The oceans cover ________ per cent of the planet’s surface area and marine and coastal
environments contain diverse habitats that support an abundance of marine life; coastal
zones account for ________ per cent of the world’s land area.
Coral reef ecosystems are increasingly being degraded and destroyed worldwide by:
Global harvests for marine fisheries have been above ______________________ per year
since the latter half of the 1980s, with peak of _____________________ in 1997 and 2000
Mangroves extend over ____________________________________________ worldwide,
covering a ____________________ of the world’s tropical coastlines.
Fisheries
The world's great marine predators are being wiped out.
Page 2. Populations of __________________________________________________ have
crashed
by more than ________% since the advent of industrial-scale fishing (around 1950).
_________% depletion occurred in just the first ___________ years of industrial fishing.
Fish are on average roughly ________% of the size they once were. Nature, May 15, 2003
Harpooned swordfish in 1930s averaged _______ lbs. By the mid 1990s they averaged
barely ______ lbs. - NYT July 29, 2003
___________________________________ fishing is main culprit; it’s a case of simple:
_______________________________________.
Globally, fisheries are the _____________________________ source of protein on earth,
exceeding even all animal husbandry sources.
Global Fisheries: ______% are exploited at maximum sustainable level. ________% overexploited. _____% are completely depleted. _________% can sustain expansion
(Source: FAO, 2005)
Thursday, 2 November 2006, 19:01 GMT “Only _______ left' for sea fish” By Richard
Black. Environment correspondent, BBC News website
“There will be virtually nothing left to fish from the seas by the middle of the century if
current trends continue, according to a major scientific study.”
1. Experiments show that:
2. Historical records show:
About one-third of once viable coastal fisheries are now useless
3. Catch records from the open ocean show:
In 2003, 29% of fisheries were collapsed. Biodiverse regions' stocks fare better
4. Marine reserves and no-catch zones bring an average _______% improvement in
biodiversity and an increase in fish stocks around the protected area
Page 3. Coastal marine ecosystems are among the most productive in the world.
¼ of the tropical coastline worldwide is mangroves. Mangroves provide:
Mangroves are rapidly being replaced by _____________ and_______________
Eutrophication is a natural process taking place in water-characterized by a development
towards:
Human activities have greatly increased the rate of the process of eutrophication-excessive
discharge of:
Eutrophication results in an increase in primary productivity ( in form of algal blooming )
algal blooming may shade out plants in lower water and cause:
Oceanic Dead Zones
The term for low oxygen is hypoxia.
Hypoxia=<2 mg/l dissolved oxygen (DO)
• Little or no oxygen is present • Little or no marine life can survive
The decay of algae blooms takes:
Effects of Oceanic Dead Zones
Food base is _________________________. Habitat is _________________________.
Migratory patterns are _________________. Species diversity is __________________.
Commercial fisheries __________________. Tourism _________________.
Dead zones are not irreversible.
The ___________________________, previously the largest dead zone in the world, largely
disappeared between 1991 and 2001 after fertilizers became too costly to use following the
collapse of the _____________________.