THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
MINISTRY OF LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT
THE NATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
August 2012
i
Table of Content
Foreword .............................................................................................. ii
Abbreviations ...................................................................................... iii
Executive summary ...............................................................................v
Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................1
Chapter 2: The strategic context of livestock research ......................5
Chapter 3: Vision, Mission, Objectives and Values .............................8
Chapter 4: Priority research areas .....................................................10
Chapter 5: Implementation framework ............................................15
Chapter 6: Resources and sustainability strategies ..........................19
Bibliography ........................................................................................21
i
Foreword
The importance of livestock sector in the national economy is clearly
articulated in the Tanzania Development Vision of 2025, The National Strategy
for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) and the National Livestock Policy
(NLP) 2006. There are major developments in the sector, particularly in
livestock research, which present opportunities and challenges in the overall
development of Tanzania. Increasingly, it is becoming apparent that well
targeted and good quality livestock research, which addresses the priority
needs of Tanzania is needed in order to inform policy and decision making
processes for sustainable development.
The National Livestock Research Agenda (NLRA) of 2010 – 2025 was developed
through in-depth consultations and participation of livestock research
stakeholders in the country taking into consideration the NSGRP; National
Livestock Policy (NLP) 2006; and National and International related policies and
legislations in the sector.
The NLRA is a framework document to guide planning for livestock research
programmes, projects and activities in the country. It highlights the national
priority research areas, possible themes, giving direction to livestock managers
at all levels, researchers and the academia as well as Development Partners as
they plan and fund livestock related research activities in the country.
It is my expectation that, research institutions and other stakeholders will
promote and undertake research that is in line with the Agenda. In order to
assist the proper management and conservation of resources, the Ministry of
Livestock and Fisheries Development will provide fora to discuss various
research findings and hence, an opportunity to synthesize them for improved
livestock production, poverty eradication and consequently sustainable
development.
Therefore, the government commits itself to implement the research related
aspects of the NLP 2006 and NLRA. Finally, through this Agenda, the Ministry
will continue working in partnership with stakeholders of research and
management in general in order to contribute to the achievement of national
goals of the improved livelihoods of all Tanzanians.
Dr Charles Nyamrunda
Permanent Secretary
Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development
ii
Abbreviations
AEZ
Agro- ecological Zone
ASDP
Agricultural Sector Development Programme
ASDS
Agricultural Sector Development Strategy
CBO
Community Based Organizations
CEO
Chief Executive Officer
COSTECH
Commission for Science and Technology
CSO
Civil Society Organizations
CVL
Central Veterinary Laboratory
DADPs
District Agricultural Development Plans
DCVL
Director of Central Veterinary Laboratory
DG
Director General
DNLRI
Director of National Livestock Research Institute
DRTE
Director of Research, Training and Extension
EAC
East African Community
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FBO
Faith Based Organizations
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
HIV/AIDS
Human Immuno-deficient Virus/Acute Infectious Disease
Syndrome
HODs
Heads of Departments
IPR
Intellectual Property Rights
ITK
Indigenous Technical Knowledge
LGAs
Local Government Authorities
iii
M&E
Monitoring and Evaluation
MDA
Ministries, Departments and Agencies
MLFD
Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development
NLP
National Livestock Policy
NLRA
National Livestock Research Agenda
NLRF
National Livestock Research Forum
NLRI
National Livestock Research Institute
NLRTAC
National Livestock
Committee
NEPAD
New Partnership for African Development
NFAST
National Fund for Advancement for Science and Technology
NSGRP
The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty
OIE
Office Internationale des Epizooties
RDS
Rural Development Strategy
RISDP
Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan
SADC
Southern African Development Community
TADs
Trans boundary Animal Diseases
TALIRI
Tanzania Livestock Research Institute
TVLA
Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency
URT
United Republic of Tanzania
WHO
World Health Organisation
WTO
World Trade Organization
ZARDEF
Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Fund
Research
iv
Technical
and
Advisory
Executive Summary
National statistics show that the livestock industry has maintained a
steady annual growth rate of over 2.7 percent during the last decade
and the contribution to the national gross domestic product (GDP) is
about 6%. Apart from its contribution to the GDP, the industry plays
other roles such as food security, convert forages and crop residues
into edible products, source of household income and employment,
contribute in crop farming as a source of manure and draught power
and fulfil cultural roles in livestock farming communities. In this
regard, adequate and appropriate attention to livestock issues is
expressed in the following initiatives: the Tanzania Development
Vision of 2025, The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of
Poverty (NSGRP) and the National Livestock Policy of 2006.
The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development (MLFD)
embarked on the preparation of the National Livestock Research
Agenda to provide overall guidance to livestock research
undertakings as required in the National Livestock Policy of 2006.
The preparation and development of the Livestock Research Agenda
involved consultations and participation of key stakeholders. During
formulation of the Agenda, challenges and opportunities were taken
into consideration. Some of these challenges include: building the
capacity for carrying out livestock research, climate change,
strengthening linkages among research institutions and development
partners and frequent changes of the national livestock research
system. Opportunities include: Government good will to support the
industry, existence of the livestock related policies, existence of
funding mechanisms, presence of some institutions willing to
collaborate on livestock research and ratification of international
conventions that call for international concern on livestock
production.
Whereas, the vision of the Livestock Research Agenda is to have a
research system that shall improve livestock productivity and hence
v
contribute significantly to food security and poverty reduction by
2025, the mission is to develop appropriate livestock technologies
that are economically, socially and environmentally friendly to
ensure sustainable resource management.
Livestock research shall focus on the development and dissemination
of technologies and knowledge systems that support production of
beef, dairy, small ruminants, poultry, pigs and other non
conventional livestock types. Other areas which need research
include the production and distribution of feed resources, farm
animal genetic resources, Animal health and disease management
and veterinary biologicals. The key research areas include:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Breed improvement and adaptation;
Feeds and feeding systems;
Value addition of livestock products and by-products;
Socio-Economics; and
Animal health and disease management.
Others areas that will be considered include Draught animal power,
Nutrient recycling (such as utilization of bio-digesters as source of
energy), Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK), crop livestock
interaction, and organic livestock farming.
During undertaking livestock research the following cross cutting
issues will be taken into consideration.
i. Natural resource management and utilization;
ii. Biotechnology;
iii. Human Immuno-deficient Virus/Acute Immuno-deficient
Syndrome - HIV/AIDS;
iv. Gender issues;
v. Environment and climate change; and
vi. Animal Identification, Traceability and Performance Recording.
The agenda is setting the ways at which implementation,
collaboration and coordination of research activities among research
vi
institution and relevant stakeholder will be undertaken. Under
MLFD, implementation of livestock research will be in accordance to
the mandates of the Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI),
the Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA) and other
research institution while being coordinated by the Directorate of
Research Coordination, Training and Extension (DRTE).
A National Livestock Research Technical and Advisory Committee
(NLRTAC) will be formed to advice on the implementation of the
agenda for livestock research. This body will provide advice to DRTE,
TVLA and TALIRI and other stakeholders on livestock research
technical issues in the country. For the purpose of putting necessary
players together to discuss issues concerning the livestock research,
there shall be regular scientific conferences and a National Livestock
Research Forum (NLRF) that will meet at least once in two years.
Livestock research programmes and projects will be develop and led
by a Livestock Research Institutions Focal Points who will be the link
among stakeholders on the implementation of this agenda. A
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system will be developed to
ensure effective and efficient implementation of the Agenda and
intended purposes. The Agenda will be reviewed in every three years
taking into consideration recommendations and deliberations from
the NLRF and inputs from M&E reports.
Human, physical and financial resources are key elements in the
implementation of this Agenda. Thus institutions have to ensure that
these resources are in place and efficiently utilized. As resources are
always limiting, research institutions are urged to direct their
research activities in priority areas defined in the Agenda. Possible
sources for research funds include the National Fund for
Advancement of Science and Technology (NFAST); Zonal Agricultural
Research and Development Funds (ZARDEF); Government revenues;
Collaborative research funds from various institutions within and
outside the country; Support from Development Partners and
Foundations and Solicited funds from the private sector.
vii
While linkages with other relevant institutions at National, Regional
and International levels is considered of paramount importance in
the implementation of the Agenda, involvement of communities
through Local Government Authorities (LGA) is also given high
impetus.
viii
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Preamble
The National Livestock Research Agenda (NLRA) is an initiative of
MLFD to serve as a guide for planning and undertaking livestock
research programmes, projects and activities for the period 2010 –
2025. It was developed through in-depth consultations and
participation of livestock research stakeholders in the country.
1.2 Background
Tanzania is endowed with abundant natural resources, which include
land, water, forage and a large livestock resource base. Out of the
total 94 million hectares (ha) of land resource 24 million ha are used
for grazing.
According to Tanzania Bureau of Statistics (2011) there are about
22.8 million cattle, 15.6 million goats and 7.0 million sheep in the
country. Other livestock include 2.01 million pigs, 35.5 million local
chicken and 24.5 million improved chicken. About 90% of the
livestock population is of indigenous types.
The livestock sector provides livelihood support to a total of
1,745,776 (37%) households out of 4,901,837 agricultural households
(URT, Livestock Sample Survey Census, 2005) and is one of the major
economic activities in rural areas. Generally, the livestock sector is of
critical importance to the country’s economy and well-being of
particularly the rural population. Livestock plays multiple roles in the
livelihood strategies of rural communities. In many livestock farming
communities, it is intricately linked to social status through
accumulation of wealth and savings. It, also, provides a variety of
benefits to rural communities such as risk mitigation, food security
and improved nutrition.
The livestock industry contribution to the Agricultural Gross
Domestic Product is low. For example in 2010 the industry
contributed 16% and 3.8% to the Agricultural Gross Domestic
Product and National Gross Domestic Products respectively,
1
compared to the envisaged target of 9% by 2010. This is mainly due
to low livestock growth rates, high mortality rates, low reproductive
rates and poor quality of the final products from the industry.
Modest improvement of these production coefficients coupled with
adding value through processing could significantly increase output
and income from the livestock industry.
The National Livestock Policy (2006) on livestock research aims at
developing appropriate technologies for the livestock industry in
order to increase production and productivity through equitable use
of available resources to sustain the livelihoods. The policy
emphasises promotion and support investments in livestock
research; strengthening of research-extension-farmer linkages;
coordination and collaboration among stakeholders at national and
international levels.
The policy addresses low genetic potential of indigenous livestock,
inadequate infrastructure, and inadequate marketing system,
prevalence of animal diseases, inadequate feed resources, weak
livestock farmers’ organizations and inadequate research, extension
and information dissemination as constraints in the development of
livestock sector. The policy also considers overstocking, overgrazing,
and designation of grazing lands as issues of concern. Focused
research in these and other relevant areas for better targeted
management interventions is necessary.
It is estimated that, by the year 2025, the human population in
Tanzania will increase to 55.2 million. This will definitely increase
demands for livestock and livestock products significantly. To meet
these demands, the livestock industry needs to be improved in terms
of productivity. In order to increase productivity, there is a need to
develop, disseminate and adopt appropriate technologies for
sustainable livestock production systems. Therefore, the main
challenge is to develop and implement a research agenda which
provides direction, guidelines and above all, outlines livestock
priority areas to concentrate and put emphasis when allocating the
national meagre resources available.
2
1.3 Rationale
Tanzania has a large population of livestock which, if properly
exploited, would lead to substantial contribution to the welfare of
the Tanzanian human population. However, the livestock industry is
currently constrained by the low genetic potential of existing stock,
inadequate infrastructure, inadequate marketing system, prevalence
of animal diseases, inadequate feed resources, weak livestock
farmer’s organizations and inadequate technical support services.
National and international research institutions address these
constraints by undertaking livestock research activities based on
their respective mandates, availability of research grants, or even
conditions set up by the collaborating institutions due to lack of
National livestock research guidelines. Consequently, some of the
generated technologies are not utilized by the end users for the
purpose of achieving the overall national goal of sustainable
development and poverty reduction. In this context, a National
Livestock Research Agenda (NLRA) that encompass both
stakeholders demands and national interests is needed in order to
facilitate the conduct and coordination of livestock research in the
country.
The Agenda is based on several consultations that have been taken
to identify priority livestock research areas at zonal and national
levels. It also identifies linkages and gaps in livestock research for
better utilization of resources and effective monitoring and
management of livestock research activities in the country.
Furthermore, livelihood issues have been mainstreamed into the
NLRA for sustainable livestock industry in order to contribute to the
overall goals of ensuring food and nutrition security and eradicating
poverty.
3
1.4 Methodology
The preparation and development of the livestock research agenda
involved participation of the main stakeholders in the country. The
process used to develop the agenda was as follows:
 Studies and consultations to identify priority livestock research
areas at zonal and national levels were done by the ministerial
technical experts to come up with the initial document and
terms of references that enabled the consultant to commence
the work for the zero draft;
 Zero draft was presented to stakeholders’ meeting for
discussion and suggestions for key research areas;
 Stakeholders comments were incorporated by the consultant
and produced the first draft of the agenda; and
 First draft was reviewed by the ministerial technical experts
after which it was presented to MLFD management for
adoption so as to come up with the final draft.
4
Chapter 2: The Strategic Context of Livestock Research
2.1 Introduction
There are major developments in the strategic context of livestock
research in Tanzania which are presenting opportunities and
challenges for an effective Livestock Research Agenda. These
developments are related to the evolving legal, policy and strategy
frameworks and international instruments. They are also related to
roles, interests and capacities of key stakeholders for
implementation of the Agenda.
The formulation of this Agenda has taken into consideration of the
National Livestock Policy (NLP) 2006 and other National and
International policies, strategies and legislations.
2.1.1 The National Livestock Policy (NLP) 2006
The National Livestock Policy on livestock research aims at
developing appropriate technologies for the livestock industry in
order to increase production and productivity through equitable use
of available resources to sustain the livelihoods. The policy insists on
encouraging, promoting and supporting investment in livestock
research. It also intends to strengthen infrastructure and facilities for
livestock research, research-extension-farmer linkages and
coordination, as well as collaboration among stakeholders in national
and international livestock research.
The policy addresses low genetic potential of indigenous livestock,
poor infrastructure, and inefficient marketing system, high
prevalence of animal diseases, inadequate feed resources, weak
livestock farmers’ organizations and inadequate research, extension
and information dissemination. The policy also insists on
overstocking and overgrazing, incomplete designation of grazing
lands. Continued research in these and other relevant areas for
better targeted management interventions is necessary.
5
2.1.2 Other National and International
Initiatives And Legislations
Policies,
Strategies,
Other National policies and legislations considered include, the Rural
Development Strategy (RDS) of 2001; Rural Development Policy
2003; National Trade Policy 2003; Livestock Stakeholders Resolutions
of 2001 and 2009; The Agricultural Sector Development Strategy
(ASDS) of 2001; The Agricultural Sector Development Programme
(ASDP); Kilimo Kwanza Initiative of 2009; Research Stakeholders
Resolutions of 2010; The Land Policy 1995; The Environment
Management Policy of 1997; The Agriculture and Livestock Policy
1997;.
International and Regional initiatives considered were East African
Community Agricultural and Rural Development Policy and strategy
(2011), standards and procedures of the WTO, WHO, FAO, OIE, ,
Codex Alimentarius Commision, NEPAD’s Comprehensive Agricultural
Development Programme and SADC’s Regional Indicative Strategic
Development Plan (RISDP).
2.1.1.1 Stakeholders
The key stakeholders of this agenda include:i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
x)
Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) ;
Regional Secretariats and Local Governments Authorities;
Policy makers;
Public and private research , academic institutions and
Consultancies;
Livestock farmers, processors, consumers, traders, input
suppliers and their associations;
Non Government and Civil Society Organizations
(CSOs/CBOs/FBOs) ;
Financial Institutions
Regulatory boards and coordination institutions;
Professional associations; and
Development partners.
6
2.1.1.2 Key Challenges and Opportunities
2.1.1.2.1 Challenges
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
Investment and funding of livestock research;
Facilities and infrastructure for research;
Human resource and expertise management in livestock research;
Dissemination of livestock research results and their adoption by
the end users;
Linkage and collaboration among research institutions and
development partners;
Private sector participation in research; and
Climate change, adaptation and mitigation
2.1.1.2.2
Opportunities
i. Existence of the National Livestock Policy 2006 and other related
policies and strategies that promote the need and address
livestock issues;
ii. Existence of Research Funds to facilitate research (DADPS, National
Fund for Advancement for Science and Technology - NFAST) ;
iii. Presence of national, regional and international institutions,
agencies, and networks willing to fund and collaborate in livestock
research;
iv. Political will to strengthen research and development; and
v. Ratified international conventions related to livestock production.
7
Chapter 3: Vision, Mission, Objectives and Values
This chapter describes the vision, mission, goal and specific
objectives of the Livestock Research Agenda.
3.1 Vision Statement
The vision of National Livestock Research Agenda is to have a
research system that shall improve livestock productivity and hence
contribute significantly to food security and poverty reduction by
2025.
3.2 Mission Statement
The mission of the Livestock Research Agenda is to develop
appropriate livestock technologies that are economically, socially and
environmentally sustainable in order to ensure that the livestock
resource is managed sustainably for improved productivity,
economic growth and human livelihood.
3.3 Overall Objective
To improve the livestock sector through development and
application of appropriate technologies so that the sector
contributes to poverty reduction, improved food security and
increased national income.
3.3.1 Specific Objectives
a) To identify livestock research thematic areas so that resources
can be allocated and utilized efficiently;
b) To facilitate implementation of issues on livestock research in
the National Livestock Policy 2006 and other related policies
and legislations;
c) To guide development of appropriate technologies so as to
increase livestock productivity;
d) To guide formulations of research strategies, programmes,
action plans;
8
e) To strengthen linkages and collaborations among National,
Regional and International research organisations; and
f) To enhance the institutional capacities for livestock research in
the country.
3.4 Core values
The following are core values of the NLRA:
3.4.1 Professionalism - Pursuit of excellence in livestock
research
through rigorous scientific
approaches to attain optimal results.
3.4.2 Integrity - Practice and advocate courtesy, moral values,
work ethics, respect and honour in conducting
livestock research.
3.4.3 Transparency and Accountability - Pursuit openness,
honesty, culture of timeliness and answerable
for quality services.
3.4.4 Equal opportunity - promote equality for all
3.4.5 Ethical considerations - up-holding ethical standards in
human and/or animal participation in livestock
research.
3.4.6 Collaborative efforts -Team work to avoid duplication of
efforts.
9
Chapter 4: Priority Research Areas
The goal of livestock research is to develop technologies that will
increase livestock productivity through improved livestock
production and health management. Livestock research shall focus
on the development and dissemination of technologies and
knowledge systems that support value chain management of beef,
dairy, small ruminants, poultry, pigs and other non conventional
livestock types.
Other areas which need research include the production and
distribution of animal feed resources, farm animal genetic resources,
animal health and disease management, and veterinary biologicals.
Similarly, cross cutting issues such as HIV/AIDS, gender and
environment should be mainstreamed.
4.1 Livestock Research Thematic Areas
4.1.1 Key livestock research areas
The agreed key research areas include:
i. Breed improvement and adaptation;
ii. Feeds and feeding systems;
iii. Value addition and quality improvement of livestock products
and by-products;
iv. Socio-Economics; and
v. Animal health and disease management.
Others areas that will be considered include Draught animal power,
Nutrient recycling (such as utilization of bio-digesters as source of
energy), Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK), crop livestock
interaction, and organic livestock farming.
4.1.1.1 Breed improvement and adaptation
Despite various efforts embedded in breed improvement and
adaptation in the country, many breeding activities conducted were
10
non-conclusive and more research work is required. Physical and
genetic characterization of livestock genetic resources and
production performance evaluation of local and exotic breeds under
`market oriented management systems is important.
Priority research areas
a) Breed inventory and Characterization of indigenous livestock;
b) Improvement of livestock breed-types according to Agroecological zones (AEZs) ;
c) Germplasm multiplication and conservation of farm animal
genetic resource; and
d) Develop appropriate breeding systems and strategies.
4.1.1.2 Feeds and feeding systems
Feeds and feeding systems are important aspects in improving
productivity of livestock. A number of research work focused on
quality, availability, management and utilization of feed resources
have been conducted for various types of livestock. More research
work is required on feed resources, range land improvement and
utilization, feed formulations and feeding standards.
Priority research areas:
a) Germplasm improvement and conservation;
b) Feeding standards for various livestock;
c) Feeding systems for different agro-ecological zones;
d) Rangelands management and utilization;
e) Feed resources value chain;
f) Early warning system related to livestock feed resources
availability;
g) Inventory of feed resources (database); and
h) Nutrient recycling option.
11
4.1.1.3 Value addition and quality improvement of livestock
products and by-products
Value chain approach has a paramount importance in livestock
research as it addresses the issues linking to service providers,
producers, processors, traders and consumers. In the past, research
on value chain approach has not been given due importance. Under
the current innovation systems approach, research based on value
chain has an important role to play.
Priority research areas
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Service provision and input - output relationships;
Standards and protocols for quality control;
Products handling, packaging and marketing systems;
Product processing, hygiene and safety technologies; and
Traceability and performance records.
4.1.1.4 Socio-Economics
The development, adaptation and adoption of appropriate livestock
technologies are influenced by biophysical and socio-economic
circumstances of the farmers and other stakeholders. Socioeconomic circumstances include factors such as value addition,
output/input prices, domestic and external input/output markets,
profitability of interventions, existing policies and socio-cultural
issues. Research works on socio-economic should be directed
towards the adoption and impact of developed livestock
technologies.
Priority research areas:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Biophysical and socio-economic factors influencing
livestock performance and utilization of products along
the value chain;
Adoption and Impact assessment of livestock research
interventions;
Linkages among beneficiaries of research findings;
Up-scaling and out-scaling of research technologies;
12
e)
f)
g)
Livestock related policies and legislations;
Socio-cultural issues, conflicts and conflicts management;
and
Research designs, data collection, analysis, interpretation
and information delivery.
4.1.1.5 Animal health and disease management
The animal health research has focused on development and
dissemination of sustainable disease management technologies and
knowledge systems that supports profitable livestock production.
Research has aimed at protecting livestock not only from fatal
diseases but also at providing advice for management of infections
and conditions, which reduce the efficiency of production. Existence
of infectious diseases in livestock poses economic barriers to
international trades. There is therefore a need to conduct research
to combat diseases in order to increase the contribution of livestock
to livelihoods and safeguard human health.
Priority research areas:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Parasitic, vectors and vector-borne diseases;
Trans boundary Animal Diseases (TADS) ;
Zoonotic diseases;
Other bacterial and viral diseases;
Non infectious diseases;
Early warning system and surveillance of animal diseases;
Disease diagnostic and Quality assurance management
system; and
h. Biologicals and vaccine development.
4.1.2 Cross cutting issues
Some cross cutting issues of importance and that have to be
addressed in livestock research and development include:
i. Natural resource management and utilization;
ii. Biotechnology; and
iii. Bio security and Bio safety;
13
iv. Human Immuno-deficiency Virus/Acquired
Deficiency Syndrome - HIV/AIDS;
v. Gender issues;
vi. Environment and climate change;
vii. Livestock infrastructure; and
viii. Animal welfare
14
Immuno
Chapter 5: Implementation Framework
5.1 Implementation, collaboration and coordination of research
activities
Formulation and implementation of research programmes, projects
and activities will be the responsibility of research institutions or
institutions with mandate of undertaking livestock research.
Under MLFD, implementation of livestock research is according to
the set up of the national livestock research institution in
collaboration with other relevant institutions. The research activities
are coordinated by the Directorate responsible for research
coordination.
The Directorate will provide coordination function in the
dissemination of livestock research findings in the country,
principally through:
 Facilitation of regular scientific conferences and livestock
research stakeholders’ forum;
 Livestock research websites backed by an e-library;
 Facilitation of publication of scientific research articles in
scientific journals;
 Agricultural shows; and
 Mass media such as radio and television programmes,
magazines and newsletters.
Furthermore, the Directorate will design and implement modalities
for collection of livestock information from the various research
institutions so that the information will be easily available for
packaging and dissemination to stakeholders.
5.2 National Livestock Research Technical and Advisory Committee
There will be a National Livestock Research Technical and Advisory
Committee (NLRTAC) that will advise relevant stakeholders on the
15
implementation of the agenda for livestock research. The
composition of the committee will be drawn from partner research
institutions, government and civil society. The committee will consist
of twelve members as follows:
i. Director responsible for livestock research coordination Secretariat
ii. Chief Executive Officer – Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory
Agency
iii. Director of Tanzania Livestock Research Institute
iv. One representative from the Ministry responsible for
environment
v. One representative from the Ministry responsible for
Regional Administration and Local Government Authorities
vi. One representative from the Tanzania Commission for
Science and Technology (COSTECH)
vii. One representative from Academic Institution
viii. One representative from the Civil Society with livestock
research interest
ix. One representative from Livestock Farmers’ organization
x. One Representative of Regulatory bodies
xi. One representative from Ministry of Agriculture, Food
Security and Cooperatives
xii. Chief Executive Officer – Livestock Training Agency
The committee will meet twice per year and the duration of the
committee will last for three years and will be chaired by a member
chosen amongst them, excluding MLFD officials. The committee may
also co-opt any member depending on the issues that will be
discussed.
The main functions of NLRTAC will be:
a. To advise on the implementation of the agenda for livestock
research;
b. To promote the research agenda;
c. To assist in the livestock research fund raising activities;
d. To advise on resource (human, physical and financial) allocation
for result oriented livestock research activities;
16
e. To advise on any other emerging research issues;
f. To propose reviews of the research agenda; and
g. To advise on issues of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
5.3 National Livestock Research Forum (NLRF)
The NLRF will bring together livestock research stakeholders to
discuss various issues concerning the Livestock Research. The forum
will meet at least once in two years and chaired by the Minister
responsible for livestock. The forum will have an organizing
committee that will prepare the agenda for the meeting and prepare
the proceedings.
The organizing committee will include:
i.Permanent Secretary of the Ministry responsible for Livestock
(chairperson);
ii.Director responsible for Livestock Research coordination
(Secretariat);
iii.Director of Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency; and
iv.Director of Tanzania Livestock Research Institute.
Recommendations and deliberations of the forum will assist in the
implementation and review of the research agenda.
5.4. Livestock Research Institutions Focal Points
All institutions involved in livestock research will designate Livestock
Research Focal Points who will be the link with Directorate
responsible for research coordination on the implementation of the
livestock research agenda.
5.5. Research programmes
All livestock research programmes and projects will develop research
activities in line with the national livestock research agenda that will
address key thematic areas.
17
5.6 Research conferences
The Directorate responsible for livestock research coordination will
assist in organizing and facilitating regular research conferences. The
conferences will provide a forum for stakeholders to receive and
deliberate on the research activities done by scientists and
stakeholders institutions; and provide strategic feedback on the
management of livestock research in the country in line with the
research agenda.
5.7 Monitoring and Evaluation
The Directorate responsible for livestock research coordination will
develop a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system for the Research
Agenda that will ensure effective and efficient implementation of the
Research Agenda and intended impacts. The system will be
institutionalized and serve as a review mechanism to monitor the
progress and asses outcomes. A standardized reporting format will
be used to collect data annually from research institutions so as to
produce M&E reports that will be shared among stakeholders. The
M&E reports will provide inputs into the process of reviewing the
Agenda.
5.8 Review and approval of the Agenda
The Research Agenda will be for a period of five years with a
midterm and end of term reviews. The review will take into
consideration recommendations and deliberations from the NLRF
and inputs from M&E reports. The review process will be carried out
in three levels as follows:
 Internal review by the Ministry Technical Team in collaboration
with key stakeholders;
 Review by the NLRTAC; and
 Approval by the Heads of Departments (HoDs) at the Ministry
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Chapter 6: Resources and Sustainability Strategies
6.1 Human resources
Human resource is a key element in the implementation of the
Livestock Research Agenda. A number of institutions in the country
have scientists who are carrying out research on different livestock
issues. These institutions are urged to direct their research activities
in priority areas defined in the Agenda. Furthermore, these
institutions are required to build human resource capacity necessary
for the implementation of the Agenda.
6.2 Physical resources
Physical resources are important in the implementation of the
research Agenda. These include equipment, infrastructure, and
transport facilities. Thus institutions have to ensure that physical
resources are in place and in good working conditions. Also the
Directorate responsible for livestock research coordination will have
to document and make information of available research facilities
from various institutions so that they may be accessed by
researchers. Furthermore, Directorate responsible for livestock
research coordination will develop a website to serve as a tool for
information exchange.
6.3 Financial resources
Reliable and adequate funding is crucial in the implementation of the
Livestock Research Agenda. The NLRTAC and institutions have to
mobilize funds for implementing the Research Agenda. Some of the
possible sources for research funds include:
a) National Fund for Advancement of Science and Technology
(NFAST);
b) Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Funds
(ZARDEF);
c)
Government budgets;
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d)
e)
f)
Collaborative research funds from various institutions within
and outside the country;
Support from Development Partners and Foundations; and
Solicited funds from public and private sector.
6.4 Linkages with other institutions
Linkages with other relevant institutions at national, regional and
international levels are important in the implementation of the
Livestock Research Agenda. Furthermore, involvement of
communities through Local Government Authorities is necessary.
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Bibliography
National
The Livestock Policy of 1989
The Land Policy of 1995
The Agriculture and Livestock Policy of 1997
The Environment Management Policy of 1997
The Livestock Stakeholders Resolutions of 2001
The Agricultural Sector Development Strategy (ASDS) of 2001
The Rural Development Strategy (RDS) of 2001
The Rural Development Policy of 2003
The National Trade Policy of 2003
The Agricultural Sector Development Programme (ASDP) of 2003
The National Strategy for Growth & Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP –
MKUKUTA) of 2004
The Tanzania Development Vision of 2025
The National Livestock Policy of 2006
International
The East African Community (EAC) and Agricultural and Rural
Development Policy
The World Trade Organization (WTO)
The WHO/OIE/FAO’s Codex Alimentations
The NEPAD’s Comprehensive Agricultural Development Programme
The SADC’s Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP)
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