Lecture Notes - 11 Mountain Forming
11.1 Rock Deformation
Factors Affecting Deformation temperature, confining pressure, rock type, and time.
• Deformation - all ____________ original ___________ and/or size of rock body.
Most crustal deformation occurs ______________________________.
• Stress = force per unit area (_________________) Show Picture 
• Strain = change in shape/volume of rock from stress. Show Picture 
Temperature and Pressure
• _____________________ by: _______ deformation and _______ deformation.
Brittle deformation  ________________once strength is exceeded.
Ductile deformation = solid state _______ that produces a ________________________ without fracturing the object.
Rock Type
Mineral composition and texture affect deformation
Time - rock will deform over a long period of time.
Types of Stress
_____________ stress, ____________ stress, and _____________ stress.
Draw Pictures 
Folds (in sedimentary rock strata)
• Anticlines upfolding, or ___________________
• Synclines linear ___________________________ found with anticlines
• Monoclines large step-like folds.
Faults
Normal Faults - ___________ wall block ______________ relative to the footwall block
Reverse Faults __________ Faults - hanging wall block ___________ relative to footwall
Thrust Faults reverse faults with _____________________________)
Strike-Slip Fault - movement is ___________ to the trend, or _____, of the fault surface.
Joints - __________________ with no appreciable movement.

11.2 Types of Mountains
Folded Mountains classified by processes that __________________.
Orogenesis = _____________________________________________
Fault-Block Mountains
Large-scale _____________________  fault-block mountains.
• blocks of crust are __________________________
• Grabens - __________________________ of fault-bounded blocks.
• __________ = elongated, ______________________ of crust bounded by faults.
Domes and Basins - __________ or elongated structure (formed by _________ of the underlying ____________________.)
Orogenesis refers to those processes that produce what? _______________________
11.3 Mountain Formation - Mountain Building at Convergent Boundaries
Colliding plates  ___________ that _________________, and metamorphose thick layers of sediments ______________ at the edges of landmasses.
Mountain Building at Convergent Boundaries
____________________ Convergence - produces ___________________________.
 Ocean-Continental Convergence - __________ mountains and __________________.
• An ______________________________ = accumulation of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks (________ some scraps of ______________________).
Mountain Building at Divergent Boundaries - along ocean ridges = ______ type mountains.
Continental Accretion-process when ________ collide with & stay connected to a_______
Terranes
• any crustal fragments that have a geologic history distinct (different) from adjoining fragments that _____ along the Pacific Coast.
Principles of _____________________ - Isostatic Adjustment for Mountains
• Earth’s _______________________ in gravitational balance upon mantle.
• deformed and thickened crust will undergo regional uplift.
• Isostatic adjustment = process of establishing a __________________________
DRAW
The collision and joining of crustal fragments to a continent is called